BIOTRANSFORMATION OR MICROBIAL TRANSFORMATION OF STEROIDS AND CHEMICALS.

1. SUBMITTED TO DR.JAYASHREE MAM
BY
VIOLINA KALITA
3RD SEM BT
REG NO.-16KUST4025
BIOTRANSFORMATION

2. DEFINATION-
 Biotransformation (bioconversions or
microbial transformation)- A process in
which microorganisms convert organic
compounds into structurally related
products

3. TYPES-
TYPE OF REACTION EXAMPLE COMMONLY USED
MICROORGANISMS
OXIDATION TRYPTOPHAN
5-HYDROXY
TRYPTOPHAN
Bacillus subtitis
REDUCTION BENZALDEHYDE
BENZYL ALCOHOL
Saccharomyces
cerevisiae
HYDROLYSIS MENTHYL LAUREATE
MENTHOL
Mycobacterium phlei
CONDENSATION STREPTOMYCIN
STREPTOMYCIN-
PHOSPHATE
Streptomyces griseus

4. EXAMPLES OF
BIOTRANSFORMATIONS-
 Penicillin G-

5.  BIOTRANSFORMATION OF CHOLESTROL BY
Mycobacteria.

6. BIOTRANSFORMATION USING
PLANT CELL CULTURES-
 The biotechnological application of plant cell
cultures in biotransformation reactions involves
the conversion of less important substances to
valuable medical or commercially important
products.
 It is necessary to select such cell lines that
possess the enzymes for catalyzing the desired
reactions.
 Stohs and Staba first studied the
biotransformation of cardiovascular drug digoxin
from digitoxin by Digitalis purpurea.

7. It has been observed that anaerobic condition of cell physiology favors
the biotransformation rate.
Barz reported that anaerobic conditions which inhibit degrative reactions
expedite glycosylation reaction of phenolic compounds nearly six fold.

8. EXAMPLES OF
BIOTRANSFORMATION BY PLANT
CELL CULTURES-
PLANT CELL
CULTURE
SUBSTRATE PRODUCT
Papaver lanata Codeinone Codeine
Nicotiana tobacum Carvoxine Cavaxone
Mentah sps (-)-Menthone Neomenthol
Coffea arabica Vanillin Vanillin -D -glucoside
Datura sp Hydroquinone Arbutin
Mucuna pruriens L- Tyrosine L-DOPA
Digitalis lanata Digitoxin Digoxin
Galium mollugo 2-Succinyl benzoate Anthroquinones
Digitalis purpurea Steviol Steviocide

12. REFERANCES-
 BIOTECHNOLOGY BY U.SATYANARAYANA
 WIKIPEDIA
 BIOTECHNOLOGY BY B.D. SINGH.