This Presentation is prepared for first-year post-Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles.
2. Group-B: Art & Architecture
Course-I
Historical Account of Early Indian Architecture
Unit-1: Terminologies and Methods of Study
1. Understanding Architecture: Plan, Elevation, and Section, Arches, Vaults,
Domes, Pillars and Capitals.
2. Types of Architecture: Secular and Religious.
Unit-2: Proto Historic to Mauryan Period.
3. Town Planning and Architecture of Harappa, Mohenjo-daro, Kalibanga and
Lothal.
4. Glimpses of Architecture as depicted in Vaidika Literature.
5. Town Planning as depicted in Sanskrit Literature with special reference to
Kautilya Arthshastra.
6. Mauryan Town- Planning & Architecture: Pataliputra & Rajgriha.
Unit-3: Origin and Evolution of Stupa Architecture
7. Characteristic features of North Indian Stupa Architecture.
8. Bharhut
9. Sanchi
10. Mathura and Sarnath.
Unit-4: Stupa of Deccan and South India.
11. Amaravati.
12. Nagarjunikonda.
13. Sannati.
Unit-5: Origin and Development of Rock-Cut Architecture.
14. Barabara- Nagarjuni Caves.
15. Hinayan Vihara & Chaityagraha.
16. Mahayan Vihara & Chaityagraha.
17. Brahmanical Caves- Ellora & Elephanta.
18. Jaina Caves- Orisa (Udaygiri & Khandgiri) and Ellora.
ARCHITECTURE
1. Plan
2. Elevation
3. Section
4. Arches
5. Vaults
6. Domes
7. Pillars
8. Capitals
3. PLAN तलविन्यास
• A plan drawing shows a view from above
• This is often used to depict the layout of a structure,
showing locations of rooms and windows, walls, doors,
stairs etc.
• It is basically a Scale drawing of a structure
• Overall picture of the Archaeological site
• Ancient house plans
• Ancient Floor plan
• Ancient Settlement Plans
• Fortifications Plans
• Temple and structural plan
5. PLAN: WORKS AS
• To convey information about the structure
• To describe place
• To get accurate size of the structure
• To understand the space of the structure
• Design of the buildings
• Architecture elements of the structure
• To see all geometric features of a site, house, structures etc.
6. Plan help us to understand the
1. Exact size,
2. Decoration
3. Style
4. Projections
5. Development etc.
15. ELEVATION ऊर्धिवच्छद
• Elevation = ऊ
ँ चाई
• In Architecture, an elevation is the front, back, or side of a building, or a
drawing of one of these.
• An Elevation drawing showing a vertical depiction.
• The elevation of a place is its height above sea level.
21. SECTION
• A section is a cut through the body of a building
• A section is drawn from slicing through a building.
• This is as if you cut through a space vertically and stood directly in
front looking straight at it.
• A section drawing is also a vertical depiction, but show what lies
within.
31. ARCHES मेहराब
• एक िक्राकार ढाँचा जो इसक
े ऊपर स्स्ित िज़न को
संभालता है.
• A curved structure that supports the weight of
something above it, such as a bridge or the upper part
of a building
• A structure with a curved top that is supported by
straight sides, sometimes forming an entrance or built
as a monument
• ऐसा ढाँचा स्जसका शीर्व िक्राकार होता है तिा स्जसे दो
सीधे ससरों का सहारा होता; प्राय: प्रिेशद्िार बन जाते हैं
या स्मारक क
े रूप में बनाए जाते हैं; मेहराब, तोरण
32.
33. CORBEL ARCHES
• दीिार से ननकला हुआ िह भाग जो उपर क
े हहस्से को
सहारा दे
• Corbel arches in India date from IVC which used
corbel arch to construct drains and have been
evidenced at Mohenjo daro, Harappa, and
Dholavira.
• Arches also noticed in rock-cut architecture as
Chaitya and Gavaksh
• Evidence of arches can be found in Kaushambhi,
numerous temples etc.
46. DOME, गुम्बद
• Dome, in architecture, hemispherical structure evolved from the arch
• Its usually forming a ceiling or roof.
• Domes appeared as solid mounds.
• The Romans introduced the large-scale hemisphere dome like
Roman Pantheon.
• Islamic rule in India brought with it the use of domes constructed with
stone, brick and mortar, and iron dowels and cramps
51. PILLAR: स्तम्भ
• स्तम्भ िह संरचनात्मक अियि है जो स्ियं संपीडित (कम्प्रेस) होकर अपने ऊपर आने िाले छत आहद का भार
अपने नीचे क
े अियिों (जैसे धरती) पर ट्ांसफर कर देता है.
• Pillar, in architecture and building construction, any isolated, vertical structural member
such as a pier, column, or post.
• It may be constructed of a single piece of stone or wood or built up of units, such as bricks.
• स्तम्भों का उपयोग प्रायः छत एिं चापों (arches) को अिलम्ब (सपोर्व) करने क
े सलए ककया जाता है।
• The earliest pillars of India was erected by king Asoka
• Subsequently many independent Pillars were erected by stone, Iron and probably wooden
• Pillar is a main component of the temple architecture
• Pillars could free-standing and carry sculpture and beautiful decorations, inscriptions.
52. PILLARS WERE MAINLY ERECTED FOR :
• To mark the religious sacredness of a place
• To act as a memorial for the dead at their burial sites.
• To act as supporting structures for houses, temples, palaces
• To commemorate important events of the era like victory of a king in a battle,
( dvajastambha and kirtistambha)
• To act as a medium of mass communication for the population via inscribing messages,
laws, rules for the masses.
• The Pillar was an architectural invention which allowed for the support of ceilings without
the use of solid walls।
58. PILLASTER अधवस्तम्भ
• हदखने में एक सहायक स्तंभ की उपस्स्िनत का कायव
• मूल रूप में अधवस्तम्भ का प्रयोग अलंकरण मात्र होता िा।
• अधवस्तम्भ में स्तंभ संबंधी घर्क उपस्स्ित रहते िे।
• Pilaster is (architecture) a rectangular column that projects partially
from the wall to which it attached;
• Pilaster gives the support, and decoration.
60. CAPITAL स्तम्भ-शीर्व
• Term: Capital (from the Latin caput, or "head”
• स्तम्भ क
े सबसे ऊपरी भाग को स्तम्भ-शीर्ष' कहते हैं
• अस्तम्भ-शीर्व, स्तम्भ और उस पर पड़ने िाले भार (लोि) क
े बीच की कड़ी है।
• स्तम्भ-शीर्व स्तम्भ क
े उस क्षेत्रफल को धीरे-धीरे बड़ा करने का कायव करता है स्जस
पर लोि को आश्रय समलता है।
• Top of the Pillar
• Use for support the upper surface
• Capitals broadening the pillar supporting surface and
• Separating the weight over a larger surface area.