This is the second lesson for CBSE Grade XII students of Physical Education. All new topics included

1. An introduction to Digital Marketing
March 2013

2. An introduction to Digital Marketing
March 2013

3. 2
Chapter 2
2.1 Meaning and objective of Adventure Sports
2.2 Types of Activities-Camping, Rock Climbing,
Tracking, River Rafting and Mountaineering
2.3 Material Requirement and Safety Measures
2.4 Identification and Use of Natural Resources
2.5 Conservation of Environment
2.6 Creating Leaders through Physical Education

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2.1 Meaning of Adventure Sports
.
• Outdoor sports or Activity in which the
participants compete in a natural
Environment, more against themselves
than against others

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Objective of Adventure Sports
.
1. To make effort to minimise pollution
factors and uplift natural environment
2. To get information about the area and its
topography
3. To develop sense of togetherness, team
effort and leadership abilities
4. To improve physical fitness

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Objective of Adventure Sports
.
5. To provides recreation, excitement and
thrill
6. To improve bonding with nature
7. To face the challenges against adverse
situations effectively
8. To encourage creativity
9. To improve social relations

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2.2 Types of Activities
A. Camping
B. Rock Climbing
C. Trekking
D. River Rafting
E. Mountaineering

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Camping
• Outdoor recreational activity
• Spend few days away from the routine life in
the lap of nature along with colleagues,
friends or member of any group
• Types of Camping:
 Back Packing
 Tent Packing
 Canoe Camping
 Recreational Vehicle Camping
 Survivalist Camping

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Objectives of Camping
• To develop self confidence and satisfaction
• To develop skills of self-expression and
communication
• To develop healthy personal relationship with
others
• To provide an opportunity to students to be
independent and self-discipline
• To develop the qualities of responsibility and
leadership
• To develop team spirit and a sense of
belonging to the camp

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Rock Climbing
• Participants climbs up, down or across
natural rock formation
• Physically and mentally demanding sport
which tests strength, endurance, agility and
balance
• Types of Rock Climbing:
 Free Climbing
 Bouldering
 Sport Climbing
 Aid Climbing
 Solo Climbing
 Lead Climbing
 Traditional Climbing

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Trekking
• It is a long adventurous journey undertaken
on foot in areas where common means of
transport are not available
• Trekkers use natural resources
• Trekkers should not disturb or spoil the
nature
• Trekkers carry important materials like tent,
sleeping bags, food supply, ropes, safety kits
etc with them

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Motivation for Trekking
• Meet the challenges of the trek
• Enjoy the beauty of nature
• Spiritual pilgrimage like Amarnath, Vaishno
Devi shrine
• Sense of achievement
• Physical fitness

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Types of Trekking
• Easy Trekking
• Moderate Trekking
• Strenuous Trekking
• Difficult Trekking

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River Rafting
• It is a challenging recreational outdoor activity
in which a raft is used for transport in water
• It is considered as an extreme sport
• It involves use of a raft for navigation through
rough and untamed water rush of a river.

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River Rafting: Grades of Difficulty
• Grade I: very small areas, easy waves, mainly flat
water. No manouevering required
• Grade II: Some rough water. There may be some
rocks. Some manouevering required
• Grade III: There may be difficult passages. Due to
bubble, the water may look white. Requires significant
manouevering. Experienced and strong paddling
skills are required.

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River Rafting: Grades of Difficulty
• Grade IV: There may be large waves and rocks.
Requires sharp manouevering & experience.
• Grade V: Extremely difficult level. Large waves, large
rocks and large volume of water. Requires very
precise manouevering. Participants with advanced
experience should attempt
• Grade VI: Rafters can expect to face huge waves.
Demands great physical and mental toughness. Can
cause serious injury or death.

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Mountaineering
• It is a risky adventure sport
• It is considered as an extreme sport
• It requires a lot of planning & equipment
• It requires:
 Physical fitness
 Endurance
 Determination
 Ascending and descending skills over
snow clad peaks in extremely hostile
conditions

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2.3 Material required for Camping
• Tents
• Sleeping bags
• Lanterns
• First aid kit
• Drinking water
• Food Supplies
• Fuel
• Camp Chairs

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Safety Measures for Camping
• Pack a first aid kit for any emergency
• Learn the ABC’s of treating emergencies.
Attend to a victim until medical help arrives
• Get the weather report before leaving for
camping
• Reach the campsite with enough daylight to
check over the complete site
• Avoid areas of natural hazards
• Build fire in safe areas and keep it separate

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Safety Measures for Camping
• Never use a flame inside the tent. Use a flash
light instead of candle
• Close the entrance of the tent while entering
or leaving
• Don’t leave the waste products in open area.
Recycle them.
• Beware when encountering Wildlife
• Maintain the cleanliness around campsite
• Make sure to extinguish fire completely
• Beware of poisonous plants

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Material Required for Rock Climbing
• Helmet for protection
• Belay Devices
• Belay Gloves
• Harness or a set of straps for fastening
• Rubber climbing shoes
• Rappel devices
• Climbing ropes
• Carabiner or hooks with safety lock

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Safety Measures for Rock Climbing
• Before starting climbing , check that climber’s and
belaye’s harness buckles are doubled back
• Before starting climbing always check knots
• While climbing a rock always wear a helmet
• Ensure that the climbing is long enough to reach
the anchors
• While belaying, always pay attention to the leader of
the group
• Take some time with each step
• Check knots, harness buckle, belay etc frequently

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Material Required for Trekking
• Tent
• Sleeping bag
• Jacket
• Raincoat
• Trekking Shoes
• Trekking Rod
• Backpack
• Water bottle
• First Aid kit
• Food material and Cooking
utensils

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Safety measures for Trekking
• Avoid trekking during rainy season
• Check the weather report before heading for
a trekking trip
• To prevent insect bite wear full sleeve shirt
and full pant
• Check and double check all the necessary
items before starting the trip
• Don’t eat leaves, flowers etc while trekking as
it may be poisonous

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Materials Required for River Rafting
• Life jacket or vest
• A swim suit.
• Additional clothing ( T-shirts, shorts )
• Sun glasses
• Helmet
• Sunscreen Lotions
• First aid box
• Personal medication
• Sun shade or cap
• Plastic bag for wet clothing
• Waterproof bag

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Safety Measures for River Rafting
• Only good swimmers should go for river rafting
• Wear life jacket and helmet
• Get information about the classification of the
river
• Check the equipment to make sure that
everything is in place and nothing has become
defective
• End your trip before darkness
• Drink plenty of liquid during and after the rafting

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Mountaineering Equipment
• Slings
• Pulleys & Ascenders
• Ice axe, hammer
• Camming Devices
• Mountaineering boots
• Crampons
• Backpacks
• Mountaineering poles
• Ropes and rope bags

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Mountaineering Equipment
• Snow Shoes
• Sunglasses
• Sun hats
• Face mask
• Light Gloves, Mild Gloves & Heavy Gloves
• Personal first aid kit
• Lip screen, Sun screen
• Helmets
• Headlamp

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Safety Measures for Mountaineering
• Dehydration is common occurrence , hence
drink lot of water
• Good physical fitness is a must
• Be aware of your surroundings
• Be mindful of fellow mountaineers
• In very low temperature one may fall prey to
hypothermia, so stay dry and warm
• Check for weather reports
• Carry your personal medication and first aid
kit

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2.4 Identification &
Use of Natural Resources
• Renewable Natural Resources
• Sunlight
• Air
• Wind
• Non-Renewable Natural Resources
• Minerals
• Fossil Fuels
• Forest
• Wild life

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Use of Natural Resources
• Water
• Most significant natural resource
• Wastage of water should be avoided
• Recycling of water in toilets, irrigation
• Natural Gas
• Minimise use by finding alternate methods

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Use of Natural Resources
• Fossil Fuels
• Limited amount available on earth
• Renewable resources like solar, hydro
power may be used for car & other
vehicles
• Forest
• Uncontrolled felling of trees/ deforestation
• Expansion of agriculture land, commercial
plantation, over grazing, dam projects,
mining, adventure tourism and tourism
• Use of wood in construction

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2.5 Conservation of Environment
1. Meaning of Conservation of surroundings or
Environment
2. Suggestions for Conservation of Surroundings
or Environment
a) Conservation of Forests
b) Conservation of Water
c) Conservation of Energy
d) Conservation of Food

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2.5 Conservation of Environment
• Sustainable use as well as management of
natural resources such as wildlife, water, air,
energy and earth deposits
• Educating Environmental Sciences
• Rigorous Environmental Laws
• Implementing Rules
• Proper Guidance
• Checking Pollution
• Eco-friendly gadgets
• Planting Trees
• Associating with organization

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2.6 Creating Leaders Through
Physical Education
• Meaning and Definition of Leadership
a) Leadership is a process of influencing the
activities of an organised group for any
goal achievement
b) Leadership is the quality which enables
the person to take initiative and guide
others in performing some required task
c) The capacity to rally people for common
purpose

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Leadership Qualities
1. Energetic
2. Friendliness and Affection
3. Decisiveness
4. Technically Skilled
5. Intelligent
6. Teaching Skill
7. Creative
8. Interest in Research

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Leadership Qualities
9. Good Health
10.Dedication and Determination
11.High Motor Capacity
12.Respect for other People
13.Social
14.Logical and Decision Maker
15.Morality and Loyalty
16.Good Communicator

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Process for Creating Leaders
Through Physical education
1. Identify the students with different skills like
motivating team, communication , planning
and observe their progress
2. Identify the new students with leadership
quality and provide them opportunity to
lead

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Process for Creating Leaders
Through Physical education
3. Approach for improving leadership skills
a. Give various responsibilities of an event
b. Provide leadership training
c. Provide regular opportunity to improve
d. Recognise their achievement by
facilitating them at different forums
4. Have faith and confidence in your students
if they faulter