Design Basics, first year Interior Design , Dezyne E'cole College. www.dezyneecole.com

1. 1st Year Residential Design Diploma NSQF Level-5 of NSDC
Dezyne E’cole College, www.dezyneecole.com
Topic - Primary Elements ( Line , Shape ,Form )
Interior Design
DESIGN BASICS
AYUSHI JAIN
TODAY A READER
TOMORROW A LEADER

2. Ayushi Jain
1st Year Residential Design Diploma
Dezyne E’cole College
www.dezyneecole.com
Submitted ByTopic - Primary Elements ( Line , Shape ,Form )
1. Point – indicates a position in space.
2. Line – A point extended becomes a line with properties of
 Line
 Direction
 Position
Point with line Horizontal line Vertical line Diagonal line
3. Plane – A line becomes a shape with properties of
 Length and width
 Shape
 Surface
 Orientation
 Position
Top plane Plane Orientation of the site
4. Volume – A plane becomes a volume with properties of
 Length, width and depth
 Form and space
 Surface
 Orientation
 Position
Top
Surface
Bottom
Vertex
Edge
Face
Volume Orientation of the form

3. Ayushi Jain
1st Year Residential Design Diploma
Dezyne E’cole College
www.dezyneecole.com
Submitted ByTopic - Primary Elements ( Line , Shape ,Form )
Shape – The characteristic outline or
surface configuration of a particular form.
shape is the principal aspect we identify
and categorize forms.
Square
Cube
Triangle
Pyramid
Circle
Cylinder Cone
Size – The physical dimensions of length,
width, and depth of a form. While these
dimensions determine the proportions of
a form, its scale is determined by its size
relative to other forms in its context.
Pillar Resize cube Floor Wall

4. Ayushi Jain
1st Year Residential Design Diploma
Dezyne E’cole College
www.dezyneecole.com
Submitted ByTopic - Primary Elements ( Line , Shape ,Form )
Position– The location of a form relative
to Its environment or the visual field
within Which it is being seen.
Orientation– The direction of a form
relative to the ground plane, the compass
points, other forms, or to the person
viewing the form.
The degree of concentration
and stability of a form. The visual inertia
of a form depends on its geometry as well
as its orientation relative to the ground
plane, the pull of gravity, and our line of
sight.
Visual inertia-

5. Ayushi Jain
1st Year Residential Design Diploma
Dezyne E’cole College
www.dezyneecole.com
Submitted ByTopic - Primary Elements ( Line , Shape ,Form )
Dimensional Transformation – A form
can be transformed by altering one or
more of its dimensions and still retain its
identity as a member of a family of forms.
Subtractive Transformation– A form can
be transformed by subtracting a portion
of its volume. Depending on the extent of
the subtractive process, the form can
retain its initial identity
Additive Transformation –A form can be
transformed by the addition of elements
to its volume.
Idea generation
Idea generation
Idea generation

6. Ayushi Jain
1st Year Residential Design Diploma
Dezyne E’cole College
www.dezyneecole.com
Submitted ByTopic - Primary Elements ( Line , Shape ,Form )
Dimensional Transformation – A form
can be transformed by altering one or
more of its dimensions and still retain its
identity as a member of a family of forms.
Subtractive Transformation– A form can
be transformed by subtracting a portion
of its volume. Depending on the extent of
the subtractive process, the form can
retain its initial identity
Additive Transformation –A form can be
transformed by the addition of elements
to its volume.
Ceiling
Beam
Pillar
Floor
Walls
Idea Generation
Idea Generation
Idea Generation

7. Ayushi Jain
1st Year Residential Design Diploma
Dezyne E’cole College
www.dezyneecole.com
Submitted ByTopic - plane
Overhead Plane -
The overhead plane can be either the
roof plane that spans and shelters the
interior spaces of a building from the
climatic elements, or the ceiling plane
that forms the upper enclosing surface of
a room.
Wall Plane -
The wall plane, because of its vertical
orientation, is active in our normal field of
vision and vital to the shaping and
enclosure of architectural space.
Base Plane -
The base plane can be either the ground
plane that serves as the physical
foundation and visual base for building
forms, or the floor plane that forms the
lower enclosing surface of a room upon
which we walk.

8. Ayushi Jain
1st Year Residential Design Diploma
Dezyne E’cole College
www.dezyneecole.com
Submitted ByTopic – Horizontal Elements Define Space
Base Plane –
A horizontal plane laying as a figure on a
Contrasting background defines a simple
Field of space. This field can be visually
Reinforced in the following ways.
Depressed Plane –
A horizontal plane depressed into the
Ground plane utilizes the vertical surfaces
Of the lowered area to define a volume of
space.
Base Plane
Depressed Base Plane

9. Ayushi Jain
1st Year Residential Design Diploma
Dezyne E’cole College
www.dezyneecole.com
Submitted By
Elevated Base Plane –
A horizontal plane elevated above the
Ground plane establishes vertical surfaces
Along its edges that reinforce the visual
Separation between its field and the
surrounding ground.
Overhead Plane –
A horizontal plane located overhead
Defines a volume of space between itself
And the ground plane.
Overhead Base Plane
Elevated Base Plane
Topic – Horizontal Elements Define Space

10. Ayushi Jain
1st Year Residential Design Diploma
Dezyne E’cole College
www.dezyneecole.com
Submitted By
Overhead Base Plane
Elevated Base Plane
Base PlaneDepressed Base Plane
Topic – Horizontal Elements Define Space

11. Ayushi Jain
1st Year Residential Design Diploma
Dezyne E’cole College
www.dezyneecole.com
Submitted By
Overhead Base Plane
Elevated Base Plane
Base Plane Depressed Base Plane
Topic – Horizontal Elements Define Space

12. Ayushi Jain
1st Year Residential Design Diploma
Dezyne E’cole College
www.dezyneecole.com
Submitted ByTopic – Vertical Elements Defining Space
Parallel plane – Two parallel vertical
planes define a volume of space between
them that is orientation axially toward
both open ends of the configuration.
U–shaped plane – A u – shaped
configuration of vertical planes defines a
volume of space that is oriented primarity
toward the open end of the configuration.
four vertical planes
establish the boundaries of an introverted
space and influence the field of space
around the enclosure.
Four planes ; closure -
Top plan
Top plan
Top plan
Isometric view
Isometric view
Isometric view
Front view
Front view
Front view

13. Ayushi Jain
1st Year Residential Design Diploma
Dezyne E’cole College
www.dezyneecole.com
Submitted ByTopic - L- Shaped Configuration of Planes
An L–shaped configuration of vertical
planes defines a field of space along a
diagonal from its corner outward. While
this field is strongly defined and enclosed
at the corner of the configuration it
dissipates rapidly as it moves away from
the corner. The introverted field at the
interior corner becomes extroverted
along its outer edges. Top plan Isometric view Front view
Front viewIsometric viewTop plan
While two edges of the field are clearly
defined by the two planes of the
configuration , its other edges remain
ambiguous unless further articulated by
additional vertical elements,
manipulations of the base plane, or an
overhead plane.

14. Ayushi Jain
1st Year Residential Design Diploma
Dezyne E’cole College
www.dezyneecole.com
Submitted By
If a void is introduced to one side of the
corner of the configuration the definition
of the field will be weakened. The two
planes will be isolated from each other
and one will appear to slide by and
visually dominate the other.
Top plan
Isometric view Front view
Front viewIsometric viewTop plan
If neither plane extends to the corner, the
field will become more dynamic and
organize itself along the diagonal of the
configuration.
Topic - L- Shaped Configuration of Planes

15. Ayushi Jain
1st Year Residential Design Diploma
Dezyne E’cole College
www.dezyneecole.com
Submitted ByTopic – Parallel Vertical Planes
Top plan
Isometric view Front view
Parallel Vertical planes – A pair of parallel
vertical planes defines a field of space
between them. The open ends of the
field, established by the vertical edges of
the planes, give the space a strong
directional quality.
The definition of the spatial field along
the open ends of the configuration can be
visually reinforced by manipulating the
base plane or adding overhead elements
to the composition.
3D VIEW

16. Ayushi Jain
1st Year Residential Design Diploma
Dezyne E’cole College
www.dezyneecole.com
Submitted ByTopic – U Shaped Planes
The spatial field can be expanded by
extending the base plane beyond the
open ends of the configuration. This
expanded field can in turn be terminated
by a vertical plane whose width and
height is equal to that of the field.
If one of the parallel planes is
differentiated from the other by a change
in form, color, or texture, a secondary
axis, perpendicular to the flow of the
space, will be established within the field.
3D VIEW
3D VIEW

17. Ayushi Jain
1st Year Residential Design Diploma
Dezyne E’cole College
www.dezyneecole.com
Submitted ByTopic – U Shaped Planes
The open end is the primary aspect of the
configuration by virtue of its uniqueness
relative to the other three planes. It
allows the field to have visual and spatial
continuity with the adjoining space.
3D VIEW
U–shaped plane – A u – shaped
configuration of vertical planes defines a
volume of space that is oriented primarity
toward the open end of the configuration.
Top plan Isometric view Front view

18. Ayushi Jain
1st Year Residential Design Diploma
Dezyne E’cole College
www.dezyneecole.com
Submitted ByTopic – U Shaped Planes
If the configuration of planes is
rectangular and oblong in form, the open
end can be along its narrow or wide side.
In either case, the open end will remain
the primary face of the spatial field, and
the plane opposite the open end will be
the principal elements among the three
planes of the configuration.
3D VIEW
In the plane of the opening is future
defined with columns or overhead
elements, the definition of the original
field will be reinforced and continuity
with the adjoining space will be
interrupted.
3D VIEW

19. Ayushi Jain
1st Year Residential Design Diploma
Dezyne E’cole College
www.dezyneecole.com
Submitted ByTopic – Color Wheel
Primary Analogous Hue
Secondary Complementary
Intermediate Split - complementary
Tint
Tone

20. Ayushi Jain
1st Year Residential Design Diploma
Dezyne E’cole College
www.dezyneecole.com
Submitted ByTopic – Color Scheme
Y
B R
RV
V
BV
RO
O
YOYG
G
BG
NEUTRALIZING COLORS
Red + Green
Red – Orange + Blue – Green
Orange + Blue
Yellow – Orange + Blue – Violet
Yellow + Violet
Yellow – Green + Red - Violet
PRIMARY
The three colors from which all colors are created
SECONDARY
Created by mixing equal portions of two primary colors
BLUE YELLOW RED
YELLOW + RED = ORANGE RED + BLUE = VIOLET BLUE + YELLOE = GREEN

21. Ayushi Jain
1st Year Residential Design Diploma
Dezyne E’cole College
www.dezyneecole.com
Submitted ByTopic – Color Scheme
TERTIARY
Created by mixing equal portions of one primary and secondary color
YELLOW + ORANGE =
YELLOW - ORNAGE
RED + ORANGE =
RED - ORANGE
RED + VIOLET =
RED - VIOLET
BLUE + VIOLET =
BLUE- VIOLET
BLUE + GREEN =
BLUE- GREEN
YELLOW + GREEN =
YELLOW - GREEN
COMPLEMENTARY
Colors that are directly opposite each other on the color spectrum. When two complementary colors are mixed ,
they neutralize each other by creating brown. For example
VIOLET + YELLOW = NEUTRAL RED + GREEN = NEUTRAL BLUE + ORANGE = NEUTRAL

22. Ayushi Jain
1st Year Residential Design Diploma
Dezyne E’cole College
www.dezyneecole.com
Submitted ByTopic – Color Scheme
Hues opposite the color wheel
Complementary colors are more intense, and ‘vibrate” when placed
next to each other as they compete for your attention
One of the complementary colors is split off into a pair of
neighboring hues
COMPLEMENTARY COLORS
SPLIT COMPLEMENTARY COLORS
ANALOGOUS COLORS
TRIAD COLORS
Colors that neighbor one another on the color wheel
Hues appear to “push” at each other, creating an optical illusion where
ache zone appears larger when it has your attention.
Hues equidistant on the color wheel

23. Ayushi Jain
1st Year Residential Design Diploma
Dezyne E’cole College
www.dezyneecole.com
Submitted By
Y
B
R
C
V
BV
RO
M
RM
YG
G
BG
Y – Yellow
YG – Yellow Green
G – Green
BG – Blue Green
C – Cyan
B – Blue
VB – Violet Blue
V – Violet
M – Magenta
RM – Red Magenta
Complementary Contrasting Color
Split Complementary Color
Analogous Color
Triad Color
Topic – Color Scheme

24. Ayushi Jain
1st Year Residential Design Diploma
Dezyne E’cole College
www.dezyneecole.com
Submitted ByTopic – Warm / Cool / Neutral Colour
Cool Colour
Warm Colour
Neutral Colour
Colour
Cool / Warm / Neutral
WARM
COLORS
COOL
COLORS
NEUTRAL COLORS

25. Ayushi Jain
1st Year Residential Design Diploma
Dezyne E’cole College
www.dezyneecole.com
Submitted ByTopic – Tint / Tone / Shade
Tints
Tone
Shades
Colour
Tints / Tone / Shade
Adding Gray
TONES
Adding White
TINTS
Adding Black
SHADES

26. Submitted ByTopic – The Psychology Of Colour
Tints
RED ORANGE
RED
Conveys Boldness,
Drama, Romance,
Power, Passion, &
Even Danger.
VIBRANT
Reds Can Heighten
Senses, While
Earthy Red Tones
Create Warmth
And Comfort
PERFECT
For A Dining Area,
An Accent Color
On One Wall, Or As
The Main Color In
A Small Space
ORANGE
Conveys
Friendliness,
Happiness,
Innovation, Energy,
& Fun
WARM
Orange Colors
Attract Attention,
Making A Space
Feel Approachable
And Welcoming
PERFECT
For An Entryway,
The Kitchen Or As
An Accent For
Bookcase And
Shelves
Ayushi Jain
1st Year Residential Design Diploma
Dezyne E’cole College
www.dezyneecole.com

27. Submitted By
Tones
Shades
BLUE PURPLE
BLUE
Conveys Strength,
Dependability,
Tranquility, Calm,
Freshness, &
Serenity
VERSATILE
Blues Can Create A
Mood That Is
Cheerful And
Refreshing Or
Reflective And
Intellectual
PERFECT
For The Main
Bedroom Ceilings
And Making Small
Rooms Feel Larger
(With Pale Shades)
PURPLE
Conveys Mystery
Regality,
Eccentricity,
Luxury, Exoticism
& Sophistication
ASA
Combination Of
Red And Blue ,
Purple Can Be
Dramatic Or
Subtle, Exciting Or
Calming
PERFECT
For A Formal Living
Room, A Kid’s
Bedroom, Or As A
Backdrop For
Antique Silver
Ayushi Jain
1st Year Residential Design Diploma
Dezyne E’cole College
www.dezyneecole.com
Topic – The Psychology Of Colour

28. Submitted By
Tints
Ton
Shades
YELLOW GREEN
Conveys Optimism
Timelessness Hospitality,
Peacefulness, & Creativity
SUNNY
Uplifting Yellows
Can Promote
Communication
And Improve
Concentration
PERFECT
For A Breakfast
Nook Or To Brighten
Dark Hallways And
Rooms Without
Windows
GREEN
Conveys Growth
Renewal,
Relaxation
Gentleness,
Reassurance,&
Safety
SOOTHING
Greens Are The
Color Of Nature.
So They Create A
Calming Feel-good
Atmosphere
PERFECT
For A Spa- Like
Bathroom Or A
Hushed Den Or
Library
YELLOW
Ayushi Jain
1st Year Residential Design Diploma
Dezyne E’cole College
www.dezyneecole.com
Topic – The Psychology Of Colour

29. Submitted By
BROWN
Tones
Conveys security,
robustness,
warmth, stability,
earthiness, and
comfort
ORGANIC
Inviting browns
evoke scenes of
nature,
encouraging you to
slow down and
relax
PERFECT
For
counterbalancing
contrasting,
highlighting, or
toning down
others colors
BROWN
Ayushi Jain
1st Year Residential Design Diploma
Dezyne E’cole College
www.dezyneecole.com
Topic – The Psychology Of Colour

30. Submitted ByTopic – Analogous Colour Scheme
Colour Schemes
Analogous
ANALOGOUS
One Might Think Of Analogous Colors As Neighbors
Since They Are Adjacent To Each Other On The Color
Wheel. Analogous Colors Inherently Look Good
Together Since They Have Similar Origins. This
Scheme Is Often Found In Nature.
Ayushi Jain
1st Year Residential Design Diploma
Dezyne E’cole College
www.dezyneecole.com
ANALOGOUS
Orange Yellow Orange Yellow Green
ANALOGOUS

31. Submitted ByTopic – Complementary Colour Scheme
Colour Schemes
Complementary
Complementary
Any two colors located opposite of each other On the color
wheel are termed complementary Colors. As implied,
complementary colors enhance Each other and almost
always look great together. You see this scheme in many
aspects of your everyday Life. For example, the reds and
greens of Christmas.
Complementary
Violet Green
ANALOGOUS
Ayushi Jain
1st Year Residential Design Diploma
Dezyne E’cole College
www.dezyneecole.com
COMPLEMENTARY

32. Submitted ByTopic – Principles Of Design
Principles Of Design
Balance
BALANCE
Balance In Interior Design Refers To Proper
Distribution Of Objects in A Room to Create Visual
Balance Refers to The Distribution of Visual
Weight Within a Composition.
A Work That is Unbalanced Visually Creates
Tension. Balance Is Created When There Is an
Equilibrium Of Elements That Need Each Other
And Together They Create Unity.
Ayushi Jain
1st Year Residential Design Diploma
Dezyne E’cole College
www.dezyneecole.com
Balance
 Every Single Design Elements
Should Compile With Home
Interior
 Must Have Symmetrical And
Asymmetrical Balance

33. Submitted By
Principles Of Design
Harmony
HARMONY
Ayushi Jain
1st Year Residential Design Diploma
Dezyne E’cole College
www.dezyneecole.com
Harmony
 Create A Sense Of Peace  Elements Should Work Together
Without Clashing
Topic – Principles Of Design
The Name Implies Stresses On The Fact That
There Should Be A Sense Of Uniformity Or
Harmony Among All The Elements Used.
Interior Design Should Serve As A Visual
Guide For A Person To Understand A Living
Space, Without Harmony, The Visual Guide
Will Only End Up Confusing The Person.

34. Submitted By
RHYTHM
Principles of Design
Rhythm
The Design Principles That Suggested Connected
Movement Between Different Parts Of Design By Using
Colors, Lines, Forms, Or Texture Also Referred To As
Continuity. Rhythm Is Visual Flow. The Eye Should Be
Able To Flow Smoothly Across The Room. Regular
Repetition Of Lines, Shape., Or Colors That Create A
Movement. Patterns Have Rhythm. Rhythm Refers To A
Way Of Utilizing The Art Elements To Produce The Look
And Feel Of Rhythmic Movement With A Visual Tempo
Or Beat. Rhythm Is A Feeling Of Structured Movement
Created By The Repetition Of Elements. Rhythm Can Be
Used To Design Repeated Elements And The Space
Between Then Make Patterns That We Experience As
Rhythm. This Helps To Give A Composition Visual
Harmony By Creating Unity In A Layout. Examples
Include The Repetition Of Similar Shapes, Colors Or
Textures.
Ayushi Jain
1st Year Residential Design Diploma
Dezyne E’cole College
www.dezyneecole.com
Rhythm
 Use Different Shades And Pattern
To Create Best Visual Integration
 Use combinations of colours .
prints
Topic – Principles Of Design

35. Submitted By
Principles of Design
Proportion & Scale
PROPORTION
Ayushi Jain
1st Year Residential Design Diploma
Dezyne E’cole College
www.dezyneecole.com
Proportion & Scale
 Design Elements Should Match With The Proportion Of The Residential Area.
Topic – Principles Of Design
The Principle Of Scale And Proportion Ensure That
Objects Placed In A Space Look Like They Belong
To Each Other. Be It The Size, Dimension, Shape Or
Colour Of The Objects, A Harmony Should Be
Established Between Them And A Proportion Has
To Be Maintained. For Example, A High Ceiling
Environment Implies That High Rise Furniture
Should Be Preferred Over Low Rise Furniture
Should Be Ottomans. Also Under Stuffed Pillows
Would Make As Sofa Look Empty And Under
Accessorized, Thus Disrupting The Harmony And
Proportion That Is Supposed To Exist.

36. Submitted By
EMPHASIS
Principles Of Design
Emphasis
Emphasis Is Also Referred To As Point Of Focus Or
Interruption. It Made The Locations In A Composition
Which Most Strongly Draw The Viewer’s Attention.
Usually There Is A Primary, Or Main Point Of Emphasis
With Perhaps Secondary Emphases In Other Parts Of
The Composition. The Emphasis Is Usually An
Interruption In The Fundamental Pattern Or
Movement Of The Viewer’s Eyes Though The
Composition Or A Break In The Rhythm. The Artist Or
Designer Uses Emphasis To Call Attention To
Something Or To Vary The Composition In Order To
Hold The Viewer’s Interest By Providing Visual
“Surprises”.
Ayushi Jain
1st Year Residential Design Diploma
Dezyne E’cole College
www.dezyneecole.com
Emphasis
 Some Design Elements Should Be More Important The Other
Topic – Principles Of Design

37. Submitted ByTopic – Principles Of Design
1st Year Residential Design Diploma NSQF Level-5 of NSDC
Dezyne E’cole College, www.dezyneecole.com
THANK YOU