28. Zika virus in semen
44-year-old man in Tahiti developed asthenia, low
grade fever and arthralgia
8 weeks later: fever, headache, arthralgia
2 weeks later: hematospermia
Blood: rRT-PCR for ZIKV negative
Semen: rRT-PCR for ZIKV positive
3 days later
Blood: rRT-PCR for ZIKV negative
Urine: rRT-PCR for ZIKV positive
Semen: rRT-PCR for ZIKV positive
Musso D, Roche C, Robin E, Nhan T, Teissier A, Cao-Lormeau VM. Potential sexual transmission of Zika virus. Emerg Infect
Dis. 2015 Feb [date cited]. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2102.141363
29. Zika virus in Blood
Study conducted using blood donated during
outbreak of Zika virus in French Polynesia
Blood donated during November 2013 to February
2014 were tested
All blood donors were asymptomatic for Zika virus
infection
42 (2.8%) of 1,505 donated blood were found positive
for ZIKAV by PCR
Musso D, Nhan T, Robin E, Roche C, Bierlaire D, Zisou K, Shan Yan A, Cao-Lormeau VM, Broult J. Potential for Zika
virus transmission through blood transfusion demonstrated during an outbreak in French Polynesia, November 2013
to February 2014 . Euro Surveill. 2014;19(14):pii=20761. Article DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2807/1560-
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1983
Ae. hensilii was the predominant mosquito species present on Yap during the ZIKV disease outbreak in 2007, but investigators were unable to detect ZIKV in any mosquitoes on the island during the outbreak
Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for viral RNA in serum collected ≤7 days after illness onset
Serology for IgM and neutralizing antibodies in serum collected ≥4 days after illness onset
Plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) for ≥4-fold rise in virus-specific neutralizing antibodies in paired sera
–Only available at CDC
Immunohistochemical(IHC) staining for viral antigens or RT-PCR on fixed tissues
Zika virus serology (IgM) can be positive due to antibodies against related flaviviruses(e.g., dengue and yellow fever viruses)
Neutralizing antibody testing may discriminate between cross-reacting antibodies in primary flavivirusinfections
Difficult to distinguish infecting virus in people previously infected with or vaccinated against a related flavivirus