World antibiotic awareness week - 2016
الإسبوع العالمي للتوعية بالمضادات الحيوية
Gaza - Palestine.
Arabic, Antibiotic, World antibiotic awareness week, الاسبوع العالمي للتوعية ، المضادات الحيوية , د. عبد الرؤوف المناعمة, مشروع الميكروبات الإلكتروني - فلسطين
التوعية العالمية للمضادات
25. carbapenem-resistantEnterobacteriaceae
• CRE, are on the rise and have become more resistantto last-resort
antibiotics during the past decade.
• CRE are lethalbacteria that pose a triple threat:
– Resistance: CRE are resistant to all,or nearly all, the antibiotics we
have - even our most powerful drugs of last-resort.
– Death: CRE have high mortality rates – CRE germs kill1 in 2
patients who get bloodstream infections from them.
26. – Spreadofdisease: CRE easilytransfertheir antibioticresistance to other
bacteria. For example, carbapenem-resistantklebsiellacan spreadits drug-
destroying weapons toa normal E. coli bacteria, which makes theE.coli
resistanttoantibioticsalso. That could createa nightmarescenario since E.
coli is themost common cause ofurinarytractinfectionsin healthypeople.
• Currently,almost allCRE infections occur in people receivingsignificant
medical care. CRE areusually transmittedfrom person-to-person, oftenon the
hands ofhealthcare workers.
carbapenem-resistantEnterobacteriaceae
CDC microbiologist, Johannetsy Avillan, holds up a plate that demonstrates the modified Hodge test, which is used to identify resistance in bacteria known as Enterobacteriaceae. Bacteria that are resistant to carbapenems, considered “last resort” antibiotics, produce a distinctive clover-leaf shape.
PABA is an intermediate in the synthesis of folate by bacteria, plants, and fungi.
Sulfonamide drugs are structurally similar to PABA, and their antibacterial activity is due to their ability to interfere with the conversion of PABA to folate. Thus, bacterial growth is limited through folate deficiency.
الأدوية المثبطة للمناعة او الأدوية المضادة للرفض هي أدوية تقلل او تمنع نشاط الجهاز المناعي للجسم. ويستخدم علاج الأدوية المثبطة للمناعه في كل مما يلي:
منع رفض او نبذ الجسم للأعضاء او الأنسجة الجديدة المزروعة مثل: (نخاع العظم ،القلب ،الكليتان و الكبد.. الخ).
CDC staff show two plates growing bacteria in the presence of discs containing various antibiotics. The isolate on the left plate is susceptible to the antibiotics on the discs and is therefore unable to grow around the discs. The one on the right has a CRE that is resistant to all of the antibiotics tested and is able to grow near the disks.