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New Frontiers in Astronomy   Dr Alberto Conti
                              Space Telescope Science Institute

Saturday, March 7, 2009
Visible – Hubble Space Telescope
  •
      Gamma rays - Compton Gamma Ray Obs.
  •
      X-rays - Chandra X-ray Observatory
  •        April 2006
      Infrared - Spitzer Space Telescope
  •
Saturday, March 7, 2009
Community
                          Missions Office
                    Optimize the science from community-led
                    astrophysics missions and projects.

                    Develop, nurture, and share innovations in
                    space astronomy science operations.

                    Collaborate on the next generation of space
                    astrophysics programs.



Saturday, March 7, 2009
Astronomy Project Timeline
                                 A Partial List of Key Astrophysics Facilities
                                                                                                         Ares V Flights
                                                                                                   Beyond Einstein
                          INTEGRAL                           WISE                          JWST
                                     SWIFT                                                        SIM?       TPF?
        WMAP                                              Herschel - Planck
                                                          Kepler
                                                   GLAST
                                 GALEX
        FUSE
        XMM
        Chandra
        Spitzer
        HST
                                                         SOFIA
        SDSS
        VLT & Gemini Observatories
                                             PANSTARRS
                                                                              LSST
                                                                                     TMT
                                                                 ALMA
              NVO Development                            NVO Operations


       2000                          2005           2010          2015                                                    2020
                                       Start date and Probable Duration
Saturday, March 7, 2009
Astronomy Project Timeline
                                         STScI Project and Mission Activity
                                                                                                         Ares V Flights
                                                                                                   Beyond Einstein
                          INTEGRAL                           WISE                          JWST
                                     SWIFT                                                        SIM?       TPF?
        WMAP                                              Herschel - Planck
                                                          Kepler
                                                   GLAST
                                 GALEX
        FUSE
        XMM
        Chandra
        Spitzer
        HST
                                                         SOFIA
        SDSS
        VLT & Gemini Observatories
                                             PANSTARRS
                                                                              LSST
                                                                                     TMT
                                                                 ALMA
              NVO Development                            NVO Operations


       2000                          2005           2010          2015                                                    2020
                                       Start date and Probable Duration
Saturday, March 7, 2009
MAST
                                 Kepler



                                  Microsoft
                                   WWT




                 Community Missions
Saturday, March 7, 2009
Saturday, March 7, 2009
Saturday, March 7, 2009
Saturday, March 7, 2009
Computer
                                   Biology    Economics
                      Science




                      Medicine   Government   Astronomy



                          Massive amounts
                           of information
Saturday, March 7, 2009
New Science Paradigm   for Astronomy


Saturday, March 7, 2009
Astronomy is changing

          Old days: photographic plates

          1960: astronomical goes digital
                                             ?
          Instruments collect 100 GB/
          night

          Detectors follow Moore’s Law

          Total data doubles every 2 years

          Growth over 25 years is a factor
          of 30 in glass, 3000 in pixels




Saturday, March 7, 2009
Space is big!
                          For one picture you need a
                           2 Trillion pixels camera!




                                Challenges   for the Future


Saturday, March 7, 2009
Monochrome : 4 Terabytes
                                        or
                          5% of the Library of Congress




                                 Challenges   for the Future


Saturday, March 7, 2009
Color: 100 Terabytes
                                        or
                          the 21% more than the entire
                               Library of Congress




                                 Challenges   for the Future


Saturday, March 7, 2009
Time: 10 Petabytes
                                   or
                          120 times the entire
                          Library of Congress




                             Challenges   for the Future


Saturday, March 7, 2009
New analysis & visualization tools are required




                          Challenges   for the Future


Saturday, March 7, 2009
Adapt or Perish

            Google Earth, Microsoft
            Virtual Earth have
            revolutionized the way
            we look at our planet.

            We proposed a new
            synergistic approach to
            the challenge of bringing
            the universe to our
            desktops



Saturday, March 7, 2009
Old Public Data Access

               •Many observatories
               •Individual interfaces
                                             Mission A

                                                Mission B


                                                   Observatory X


                                                Mission C


                                         Observatory Y


Saturday, March 7, 2009
New Science Paradigm:
                             First Iteration



                                }
                 •Data Standards
                 •Protocols
                                              Mission A

                                                 Mission B


                                                    Observatory X


                                                Mission C

                                          Observatory Y

Saturday, March 7, 2009
New Science Paradigm:
                                Second Iteration
                          Data Standards, Protocols, Mining Tools

                                                           Mission A

                                                              Mission B
                                   Metadata




                                                                 Observatory X


                                                             Mission C

                                                       Observatory Y



Saturday, March 7, 2009
New Science Paradigm Problems


                     •    Technology is trumping science

                     •    Many distributed services are unreliable

                     •    Little idea of what users are doing and why

                     •    Complex, difficult to use

                     •    Moving data around is hard

                     •    Hard for user to publish their own data




Saturday, March 7, 2009
Challenges
            •       Reduce obstacles to Capturing, Organizing, Summarizing,
                    Analyzing,Visualizing, and Curating
            •       Consider data and algorithms as “the product”
            •       Adopt semantic technologies to enable automated
                    metadata tagging, clustering and mining
            •       Transition to the new astronomy
                          •   Sociological issues




                                                    19
Saturday, March 7, 2009
New Science Paradigm:
                                       Science 2.0


                                                             Individual
                                                               Users




     Intʼl Data Centers




                                              Kitchen Sink
                          NASA Data Centers




Saturday, March 7, 2009
User
                                                             Database




     Intʼl Data Centers




                                              Kitchen Sink
                                               Browsers
                          NASA Data Centers




Saturday, March 7, 2009
• We must partner with other academic
                          disciplines: Computer Science, Statistics, ...

                     • We must leverage partnerships with
                          industry interested in enabling Science 2.0

                     • We must learn to be humble and ask for
                          help

                     • We must remember that we have the
                          greatest datasets in the world (universe
                          really!)

Saturday, March 7, 2009
Dr Alberto Conti
               aconti@stsci.edu




                                                     With thanks to
                                                         Brian McLean
                                Dr Carol Christian       Josh Perlow
                 Collaborator
                                carolc@stsci.edu         Tony Rogers
                                                         Bernie Shiao
                                                         Shui-ay Tseng




Saturday, March 7, 2009

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New Frontiers in Astronomy

  • 1. New Frontiers in Astronomy Dr Alberto Conti Space Telescope Science Institute Saturday, March 7, 2009
  • 2. Visible – Hubble Space Telescope • Gamma rays - Compton Gamma Ray Obs. • X-rays - Chandra X-ray Observatory • April 2006 Infrared - Spitzer Space Telescope • Saturday, March 7, 2009
  • 3. Community Missions Office Optimize the science from community-led astrophysics missions and projects. Develop, nurture, and share innovations in space astronomy science operations. Collaborate on the next generation of space astrophysics programs. Saturday, March 7, 2009
  • 4. Astronomy Project Timeline A Partial List of Key Astrophysics Facilities Ares V Flights Beyond Einstein INTEGRAL WISE JWST SWIFT SIM? TPF? WMAP Herschel - Planck Kepler GLAST GALEX FUSE XMM Chandra Spitzer HST SOFIA SDSS VLT & Gemini Observatories PANSTARRS LSST TMT ALMA NVO Development NVO Operations 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 Start date and Probable Duration Saturday, March 7, 2009
  • 5. Astronomy Project Timeline STScI Project and Mission Activity Ares V Flights Beyond Einstein INTEGRAL WISE JWST SWIFT SIM? TPF? WMAP Herschel - Planck Kepler GLAST GALEX FUSE XMM Chandra Spitzer HST SOFIA SDSS VLT & Gemini Observatories PANSTARRS LSST TMT ALMA NVO Development NVO Operations 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 Start date and Probable Duration Saturday, March 7, 2009
  • 6. MAST Kepler Microsoft WWT Community Missions Saturday, March 7, 2009
  • 10. Computer Biology Economics Science Medicine Government Astronomy Massive amounts of information Saturday, March 7, 2009
  • 11. New Science Paradigm for Astronomy Saturday, March 7, 2009
  • 12. Astronomy is changing Old days: photographic plates 1960: astronomical goes digital ? Instruments collect 100 GB/ night Detectors follow Moore’s Law Total data doubles every 2 years Growth over 25 years is a factor of 30 in glass, 3000 in pixels Saturday, March 7, 2009
  • 13. Space is big! For one picture you need a 2 Trillion pixels camera! Challenges for the Future Saturday, March 7, 2009
  • 14. Monochrome : 4 Terabytes or 5% of the Library of Congress Challenges for the Future Saturday, March 7, 2009
  • 15. Color: 100 Terabytes or the 21% more than the entire Library of Congress Challenges for the Future Saturday, March 7, 2009
  • 16. Time: 10 Petabytes or 120 times the entire Library of Congress Challenges for the Future Saturday, March 7, 2009
  • 17. New analysis & visualization tools are required Challenges for the Future Saturday, March 7, 2009
  • 18. Adapt or Perish Google Earth, Microsoft Virtual Earth have revolutionized the way we look at our planet. We proposed a new synergistic approach to the challenge of bringing the universe to our desktops Saturday, March 7, 2009
  • 19. Old Public Data Access •Many observatories •Individual interfaces Mission A Mission B Observatory X Mission C Observatory Y Saturday, March 7, 2009
  • 20. New Science Paradigm: First Iteration } •Data Standards •Protocols Mission A Mission B Observatory X Mission C Observatory Y Saturday, March 7, 2009
  • 21. New Science Paradigm: Second Iteration Data Standards, Protocols, Mining Tools Mission A Mission B Metadata Observatory X Mission C Observatory Y Saturday, March 7, 2009
  • 22. New Science Paradigm Problems • Technology is trumping science • Many distributed services are unreliable • Little idea of what users are doing and why • Complex, difficult to use • Moving data around is hard • Hard for user to publish their own data Saturday, March 7, 2009
  • 23. Challenges • Reduce obstacles to Capturing, Organizing, Summarizing, Analyzing,Visualizing, and Curating • Consider data and algorithms as “the product” • Adopt semantic technologies to enable automated metadata tagging, clustering and mining • Transition to the new astronomy • Sociological issues 19 Saturday, March 7, 2009
  • 24. New Science Paradigm: Science 2.0 Individual Users Intʼl Data Centers Kitchen Sink NASA Data Centers Saturday, March 7, 2009
  • 25. User Database Intʼl Data Centers Kitchen Sink Browsers NASA Data Centers Saturday, March 7, 2009
  • 26. • We must partner with other academic disciplines: Computer Science, Statistics, ... • We must leverage partnerships with industry interested in enabling Science 2.0 • We must learn to be humble and ask for help • We must remember that we have the greatest datasets in the world (universe really!) Saturday, March 7, 2009
  • 27. Dr Alberto Conti aconti@stsci.edu With thanks to Brian McLean Dr Carol Christian Josh Perlow Collaborator carolc@stsci.edu Tony Rogers Bernie Shiao Shui-ay Tseng Saturday, March 7, 2009

Editor's Notes

  1. Here are the 3 primary goals the institute’s CMO strives to achieve.
  2. You clearly know the landscape of astronomy missions and facilities on the ground and in space is quite diverse and holds promise for many exciting discoveries. Our aim is to offer to the community the use our scientific and technical experiences to help minimiize duplication of effort, help avoid known operational pitfalls. But we, as members of this same community, are also keenly interested in identifying and collaborating in future missions that will carry astrophysics forward in a number of areas.
  3. These are the subset of those missions that we are or will be playing a role in. Obviously some, like HST and JWST, we play a key role. Others we play an important supporting role by carrying out a specific operations task that is integrated with an external science operations center or team.