This document provides an overview of the evolution of the internet and key technologies enabling it, including internet of things (IoT), 5G, cloud computing, data centers, and network virtualization. It discusses how IoT and cloud computing produce big data stored in data centers, and how 5G, data centers, and network virtualization technologies will act as the backbone for cloud services and IoT applications. It also outlines some of the applications, requirements, and trends related to these technologies.

1. Dr. Ali Kashif Bashir
Osaka University, Japan
ali-b@ist.osaka-u.ac.jp
2016.04.30
Evolution of Internet

2. Acknowledgement
Some of the slides are taken from KDDI, CISCO,
Alcatel-lucent, and PlumGrid’s materials available
on Internet.
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3. Introduction
Internet of Things (IoT) and 5G are interrelated
terminologies.
Cloud Computing and Data centers are
interdependent technologies.
Applications of IoT and Cloud Computing produce
Big data that is stored at Data centers.
Data Centers will act as a backbone for Cloud
Services and IoT Applications.
3

4. Evolution of the Internet:
An Overview of 5G
4

5. Internet Evolution
5

6. 6

7. Mobile Data Traffic Forecast
7

8. Forecast of Traffic
8

9. 9

10. Growing IoT/M2M Market
10

11. Combining Human and Machine
Data
11

12. Non-uniformity of traffic
distribution will be expanding
12

13. Operator’s mission and
requirements for NW in 5G
13

14. M2M/IoT Issues
14

15. Internet of Things
15

16. 16

17. Applications
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18. Everything is going to be connected with IoT
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19. Smart City
Safety, financial, and environmental benefits
CONNECTED TRAFFIC SIGNALS
 Reduced congestion
 Improved emergency services response times
 Lower fuel usage
PARKING AND LIGHTING
 Increased efficiency
 Power and cost savings
 New revenue opportunities
CITY SERVICES
 Efficient service delivery
 Increased revenues
 Enhanced environmental monitoring capabilities
19

20. IoT Technologies
 RFID
 Wifi IEEE 802.11
 Barcode e QR code
 Zigbee IEEE 802.15.4
 Sensors and smartphone
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21. Cloud Computing
21

22. Cloud’s Application Today
 Check your email
 Collaborate Online
- With google docs.
 Store files in the cloud
- With dropbox
 Make notes
- With Evernote, your notes will be up-to-date.
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23. Trends in Cloud Computing
23

24. Type of Clouds
 Mobile
 Personal
 Private
 Public
 Hybrid
 Cloud Provider
- A service provider that offers customer storage or software
services via a private cloud or public network.
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25. Layers
25
Enabling IoT for Clouds
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 From developer’s point of view (i.e. cloud users)
 Cloud providers offer an Internet-based platform to developers who want
to create services but don't want to build their own cloud
Platforms & Compute
Frameworks
DB Msg DNS
Services Platform
Policy,Control
Platform-as-a-Service
 From end user’s point of view
 Apps are located in the cloud S/W
 Apps or Web Services run on the provider’s infrastructure.
SaaS AppSaaS App ServicesServices
ISV Web Srvcs
Services
Users &
Business
Processes
Business Applications
(CRM, ERP, UC)
Business Applications
(CRM, ERP, UC)
Software-as-a-Service
 Delivers connectivity to global virtualized service resources as a plug-in
and go experience with SLAs(Service Level Agreement)
 Operates at Internet scale, with Ethernet flexibility and optical
performance
Network
Communications
Cloud Backbone
Information
Technology
Virtualzn Mobility QoS
Infrastructure-as-a-Service
 IaaS delivers standardized virtualized computing environments
 Power, scale, hardware, networking, storage, distributed systems, etc
 Cloud users rent storage, computation, and maintenance from cloud providers
(pay-as-you-go; like utility)
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26. 26
Cloud is powered by massive infrastructure
called Data Centers

27. Industry Leaders
27

28. Data Centers
28

29. Image of a data center
One Server has
•CPUs
•DRAM
•Disks
One server rack
has
•40-80 servers
•Switches
One data center
has
•many server racks
•core switches
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30. How much data is there?
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31. What is a Giga Bit?
 In data communications, a gigabit is one billion bits, or
1,000,000,000 bits in seconds.
- For example, Gigabit Ethernet is a high-speed form
of Ethernet (a local area network technology) that can provide
data transfer rates of about 1 gigabit per second.
 The capability of today's fiber optic signaling
equipment has convinced the researchers that gigabit
networks are technologically feasible.
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32. Motivation for Giga Bit Networks
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33. Requirements for data center network
 Scalability
- Data center network should accommodate more than hundreds of
thousands of servers to construct a large data center.
 Performance
- Data center network should provide sufficiently low latency and large
bandwidth between servers for the application in the data center
 Robustness to the failures
- Failures are common in a large data center, because a large data is
constructed of a large amount of devices.
- Data center should provide the service even when failures occur.
 Low power consumption
- Network consume a non-negligible fraction of total energy
consumption of a data center.
- Technologies to reduce the energy consumption of servers have been
proposed.
- The energy consumption of the network should also be reduced.
 Low costs
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34. Packet Switching vs Circuit
Switching (1/2)
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35. Packet Switching vs Circuit
Switching (2/2)
Packet Switching Circuit Switching
Bandwidth Allocation No Yes
Potentially wasted
bandwidth
No Yes
Store-and-forward
transmission
Yes No
Call Set up Optional Required
Congestion Every packet Set up time
Resource reservation Difficult Easy
QoS Difficult Easy
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36. Optical Switches
 Advantages of optical switches
- Low energy consumption ：
• Optical switches consumes much smaller energy than
electronic switches
- Large bandwidth / Small latency ：
• Optical switches provides large bandwidth and small latency
between their ports.
 Structures
- Type1: Network using optical circuit switches
- Type2: Network using optical packet switches
 Issues
- Using circuit switches
• It takes time to configure the circuit difficulty in handling traffic
changes
- Using packet switches
• Efficient optical packet switches are not commercially released
36

37. Network Virtualization, NFV,
NSC, NFs/VNFs
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38. Future Internet Model
Infrastructure Providers
Service Provider
Virtual Network Provider
Assembles VNs from InP
Resources
Virtual Network Operator
Installs and operates VNs
Service Provider
Offers services through VNs
Infrastructure
Providers
Service Provider
Current Internet Model
Future Internet Model
38

39. Network Virtualization (1/3)
Cloud
Applications
Cloud
Applications
IoTIoT
Flexible, Adaptable, and Scalable
Infra. of the Future Internet
Flexible, Adaptable, and Scalable
Infra. of the Future Internet
Network virtualization is a solution to enhance the
performance of DCNs.
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40. 40
Network Virtualization (2/3)

41. 41
Network Virtualization (3/3)

42. Network Function Virtualization
(NFV) Infra
42

43. Network Service Chains (NSCs)
 NSC is a service deployment concept that exploits the features of NFV
and SDN.
 With an NSC, network operators can configure network services (functions)
dynamically without making any changes to the hardware.
 It consists of a set of NFs, packet processing order, and forwarding path (VNFs
that need to visited).
FirewallFirewall DPIDPI GWGW FilterFilter
Pool of NFs hosted at servers or VMs
S1
S7
S2
S4S4
S5
S6
S9
S8
Service Chain 1: S1, S2, S4, S6
Service Chain 2: S1, S2, S5, S6, S8
Service Chain 3: S1, S2, S5, S7,
S9
VNFVNF
VNFVNF
VNFVNF
VNFVNF
Operation Functions
Packet
Inspections
IPfix, firewall, IPS, DDos, etc.
Traffic
Optimization
TCP optimization, traffic shaping,
DPI, IPTV, etc.
Protocol
Proxies
Carrier-grade NAT, DNS cache, TCP
proxy, HTTP proxy, session broader
controller, etc.
Value Added
Services
Ad insertion, head enrichment, WAN
acceleration, URL filtering, parental
control, advanced advertising, etc.
Network
Optimization
Router, VPN, CDN (Content delivery
network), gateway, etc.
QoS Load-balancers, schedulers, etc.
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44. THANKS
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