There are currently more professional developers in Europe (4.7M) than in the US (4.1M). The top 20 cities for tech talent in Europe include Berlin, London, Amsterdam, Barcelona, Munich, Hamburg, Vienna, Prague, Zurich, and Copenhagen. Economic issues like regulation, taxes, and education are the biggest challenges cited by 30% of European tech leaders. Business issues around funding, support for startups, and access to talent are challenges cited by 40%. European issues like fragmentation of the EU market and movement of people are cited as challenges by 22%. International competition is cited as a challenge by 8% of European tech leaders.