The document provides an overview of various building systems - including active/passive fire protection, air conditioning, ventilation, and transportation - in an elderly daycare centre in Malaysia. It analyzes the components and importance of these systems, and ensures compliance with building regulations. Fire protection includes sprinklers, compartmentalization of spaces, and means of escape. The building uses a VRF air conditioning system for its quiet operation and individual zone control. Mechanical ventilation is discussed.

1. 1.0 Introduction
1.1 Abstract
The objective of this study is to analyse the services provided such as active/passive
fireproofing, air-conditioning, passive/mechanical ventilation and passive/mechanical
transportation in the selected old folk’s day-care centre found in Taman Kanagapuram, Old
Klang Road. Through these thorough studies on the components and system that this building
operates on, it is capable to achieve the understanding and emphasize on the importance it
plays in every building’s design. To conclude our studies, a generated understanding of this
system in accordance with the Uniform Building By-Laws and other miscellaneous rules and
regulations found in the scope that the study covers will be translated clearly to the readers as
a result.
1.2 Acknowledgements
We would like to inform the readers on our gratitude and thanks to Mr. Rizal on his guidance
on the mentioned topics on our studies. He has display to us immense diligence on advising
us on our approach on this project. We would also like to show our gratitude and thanks to
all the lectures in the module that has shared their knowledge and insight regarding the
lectures that are related to our project. They have given much effort into transmitting all their
knowledge to us to take advantage of on this project and also for our general knowledge in
the field.

2. 1.3 Name of Building
Elderly Day-care Centre of Taman Kanagapuram
Image to be place
1.4 Location of Building
Taman Kanagapuram, Old Klang Road.

3. 1.5 Description of Building
The Sir House is an elderly day-care centre for the bungalow turned elderly homes that are
abundant in the area of Taman Kanagapuram. This building consists of 3 floors, the ground
floor which is mainly enclosed spaces, the first floor where there are more spaces with
openings and the roof garden. This building is mainly open early in the morning till around
after working hours so that those who drop off their elderly can pick them up without the
hassle of going through the jam located on the main road before the turn into the area. It is a
health service building so it won’t be opened in the night however there are still the employed
helpers that stays in the accommodations in the building.

4. 2.1 Fire Fighting – Active
Active fire protection (AFP) is a basic piece of fire protection. AFP is portrayed by things or
potentially frameworks, which require a specific measure of movement and reaction so as to
work, in opposition to passive fire protection.
Categories of active fire protection;
 Fire suppression
Fire can be controlled or doused, either physically (firefighting) or automatically. Manual
control incorporates the utilization of a fire extinguisher or a standpipe framework.
Automatic control means can incorporate a fire sprinkler framework, a gaseous clean
operator, or firefighting foam framework.
 Sprinkler systems
Fire sprinkler frameworks are introduced in a wide range of structures; business and private.
They are typically situated at roof level and are associated with a dependable water source,
most generally city water. A commonplace sprinkler framework works when warmth at the
site of a fire causes a glass segment in the sprinkler make a beeline for bomb, in this way
discharging the water from the sprinkler head. This implies just the sprinkler head at the fire
area works – not every one of the sprinklers on a story or in a building. Sprinkler frameworks
lessen the development of a fire, in this way expanding life security and constraining
auxiliary harm.
2.1.1 Fire detection
 Fire is identified either by locating the smoke, fire or heat, and a warning signal is
sounded to enable clearing and additionally to dispatch the neighborhood fire
department. When a detection system is initiated, it can be modified to do different
activities; de-stimulating magnetic hold open gadgets on fire doors and opening vents
in stairways.
2.1.2 Hypoxic air fire prevention
 Fire can be prevented by hypoxic air. Hypoxic air fire prevention systems, otherwise
called oxygen reduction systems are new automatic fire aversion systems that
decrease for all time the oxygen fixation inside the ensured volumes so that fire
spreading or ignition can't happen, unlike conventional fire suppression systems that
more often extinguish fire after it is detected, hypoxic air can prevent fires. At lower
altitudes, hypoxic air is safe to breathe for healthy individuals.

5. 2.1.3 Construction and maintenance;
All AFP systems are required to be installed and kept up as per strict rules, keeping in mind
the end goal is to maintain compliance with the local construction law and the fire code.
AFP works alongside advanced architectural design and construction materials and fire safety
instruction to forestall, impede, and stifle structural fires.

6. 2.2 Fire Fighting – Passive
Passive Fire Protection (PFP) is a group of systems that compartmentalize a building through
the use of fire-resistance rated walls/floors. Compartmentalizing your building into smaller
sections helps to slow or prevent the spread of fire/smoke from one room to the next. PFP
helps to limit the amount of damage done to a building and provides its occupants more time
for evacuation.
Passive Fire Protection (PFP) consists of four categories which are purpose group and
compartment, fire appliance access, walls and floors and means of escape.
2.2.1.1 Purpose Group and Compartment
According to the UBBL 1984 (pg. 134 and 136) and the 5th schedule, the purpose group
categorizes buildings or compartments within a building in accordance to its intended
usability. This serves as a method of prevention of fire spreading from one building to
another. The purpose group reduces the active rate of fire spread that overtakes the rate of
escape of the occupants. This system works alongside the active fire protection (AFP) to
increase the chances for occupants to escape.
2.2.1.2 Fire Appliances Access
By law 140 in the UBBL 1984 specifies the proportions and dimensions of the building
perimeter that must be accessible to the fire fighting appliances.This ensures vehicular access
to the exterior of a building is needed to enable high reach appliances such as the turntable
ladders and hydraulic platforms to be used.
2.2.1.3 Walls and Floors
Walls and floors can be reviewed as a part of the process of compartmentation. Party walls,
compartment walls and floors, external wall and roof to the buildings and building boundaries
are considerations needed in the design stages of a building.
2.2.1.4 Means of Escape
Means of escape is a planned escape route that leads to a safe place. Hence, the routes should
be direct and short towards the danger-free zone. This includes access to the nearest staircase
or corridors that lead to the exit. The protected areas must be free of combustible materials.

7. 2.2.1.5 Smoke Control
The fundamental standard of smoke and heat ventilation is to discharge warmth and smoke
from a working under flame conditions with accentuation on the assurance of Human Life
and property. In the underlying phases of a fire, heat, smoke and hot gases ascend to the roof
of rooftop space then a layer amasses downwards.Early programmed openings of rooftop
ventilators is urged to consistently to expel the heat and smoke ascending from the fire trying
to accomplish a state of balance and soon thereafter the generating rate of hot gases is
equivalent to the rate of release through the ventilators.

8. 2.2.2 Passive Fire Protection (PFP) to apply in building:
1. Purpose group and compartment
2. Fire appliance access
3. Walls and floors
4. Means of escape
5. Exhaust fan or rooftop ventilators for smoke control
2.2.3 Purpose group and compartment proposal
The spaces in the building are divided in compartments, meaning each space is separated by
walls as each space has a specific purpose. This reduces the chances of fast fire spread from
one room to another.
1. By law 134 states : ...Where a building is divided into compartments, used or intended
to be used for different purposes, the purposes group of each compartment shall be
determined separately.
2. … Every building or compartment shall be regarded according to its use intended as
falling within one of the purpose groups as set out in the 5th schedule to these By
laws...

9. 2.2.4 Fire Appliance Access
Fire appliances access include fire extinguishers, fire hoses and pathway for a fire truck to get
close to the building as possible. These appliances should be close to spaces in a building that
deals with heat or spaces that are vulnerable to spreads of fire.
The kitchen is the most vital spot for fire appliance access to be installed. This ensures that
any mishaps will be controlled in the kitchen itself.
This space sits right above the kitchen area and fire appliances are also to be installed in case
the controlling of fire spread in the kitchen fails.

10. The entrance should be at least 4 meters in width to allow fire trucks to pass through without
wasting time to squeeze in a small pathway. The pathway should be able to withstand the
weight of the fire truck hence, materiality of the pathway is crucial to avoid any mishaps.
2.2.5 Walls and floors
Party walls, compartment wall and floors, external wall and roof of the building and building
boundaries should be well designed to ensure time is added for occupants of a building
escapes a fire spread.
Party Wall.
Party walls should be thick enough and be made of least combustible material to reduce the
chances of fire spread to another building beside it. A party wall is best designed using bricks
as it can hold a fire spread longer than materials as such as wood.
2.2.6 Compartment Wall and Floor
Compartment walls and floors should be able to withstand horizontal fire spreading to
another room, space or the floors above and below it. Compartment walls are extended from
the foundation to the roof. The floors however are extended from one end to another to
prevent any heat from rising upwards. The compartment wall and floors are constructed using
fire-resistant materials.
According to UBBL 1984, it states; … Party walls shall generally be of not less than 200mm
total thickness of solid masonry or in situ concrete....

11. 2.2.7 Means of escape
The primary danger associated with fire is smoke and noxious gases that emits from it.
Smoke produced disrupts the way to escape and exit the affected space. In a situation as such,
an average human being on can move about 12 meters per minute. The purpose of this
escapes is for occupants of a building to escape by themselves without being rescued.
2.2.8 Smoke control
To imbue smoke control in the building, curtain boards are implemented in between the space
and the door to reduce the amount of smoke that rose to the ceiling to travel across another
space.

12. Pressurization is entirely confined to the vertical part of the escape route. This is used when
the staircase is approached directly from the accommodated space or lobby.
According to the Clause 198 ; … All staircase enclosure shall be ventilated at each floor by
either permanent openings or openable windows to open air having a free area no less than 1
square meter per floor.
Hence, casement windows and louvered windows are the type of windows to be installed at
each floor to allow any smoke to escape since they have the highest efficiency of openings.

13. 3.1 AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM
In general air conditioning is defined as the simultaneous control of temperature, humidity,
cleanliness and air motion. Depending upon the requirement, air conditioning is divided into
the summer air conditioning and the winter conditioning. Air conditioning is subdivided into
the comfort and industrial air conditioning. The former deals with human comfort which as
well, requires noise control while the latter is meant to produce an environment suitable for
the comfort, performance, health and equipment.
(Manohar Prasad (2nd edition,2003), Refrigeration and Air conditioning, New Delhi, New
Age International (P) Ltd. )
The necessity of air conditioning arises with the survival and normal functioning of human
beings in a space. Comfort conditioning is to provide a comfortable environment for most
occupants. Humans are reasonably tolerant to humidity and may be comfortable from a range
between 55%- 20 % relative humidity at normal comfort temperatures. It is therefore
common when specifying to limit humidity in summer and not specify a limit in winter.
Typically, thus a specification would state internal condition of 22˚C /50% relative humidity
being maintained at 30˚C/20˚C wet bulb external conditions in summer. In winter the
specification may typically be 21˚C internal temperature at -3˚C saturated outside air
temperature.
There are several types of air conditioning systems that exist: Window unit air conditioning,
split unit, packaged unit, centralized air conditioning. Window unit is suitable for small room
only. Split unit consists of two units: indoor and outdoor unit. Otherwise in most commercial
buildings centralized air conditioning is common.
The main function of air conditioning system is mainly to produce cool ventilation inside the
building which the heat is taken out of a certain location to give a chilled air effect. The key
process is that the air circulation is drawn to the condenser containing refrigerant gas. The
circulation process undergoes three stages wherein the evaporator carries secondary cooled
refrigerant passing through to release ice-cold air into the area. Therefore, an air conditioning
system can make the air indoors cold and release hot air outside. This is the function of the
refrigerant. The air conditioning system composes if mechanical components: blower,
chemical refrigerant, condenser, compressor and evaporator coil.

14. 3.2 REFRIGERANT CYCLE
INTRODUCTION
Throughout this case study, the rules and regulations by Uniform building by-laws (UBBL)
14th Edition 2006 Section 41 were applied. They are as follows:
41(2). Any application for the waiver of the relevant by-laws shall only be considered is in
addition to the permanent air-conditioning system there is provided alternative approved
means of ventilating the air-conditioned enclosure, such that within half an hour of the air-
conditioning system failing, not less than the stipulated volume of fresh air specified
hereinafter shall be introduced into the enclosure during the period when the air-conditioning
system is not functioning.
41(4) Where permanent mechanical ventilation in respect of lavatories, water-closets,
bathrooms or corridors is provided for and maintained in accordance with the requirements of
the Third Schedule to these By-laws, the provisions of these By-laws relating to natural
ventilation and natural lighting shall not apply to such lavatories, water-closets, bathrooms or
corridors.

15. 3.3 MASTER AND SLAVE VRF (VARIABLE REFRIGERANT FLOW)
The occupants of Elderly home are mostly senior citizens with probable health issues, are
environment sensitive to temperature, noise and humidity. The spaces selected for air
conditioning are exposed to computer equipment as well as the main entrance opening.
VRF (Variable Refrigerant Flow) is a sophisticated technological air condition system
involving one outdoor unit connected to several indoor units. Since the Elderly Home has a
roof garden, it is ensured to not engage the building’s façade and minimum engagement to
the roof.
3.3.1 Reasons to choose VRF:
Energy Efficiency
VRF system is designed to provide exactly the amount of cooling needed for the current
conditions, which means runs at a lower capacity. The VRF system is also designed to
capture heat from the cooling process and reuse it in other areas that may need heating.
Quiet Operation
The noisier condensing unit is typically outside, and the indoor air handlers are smaller and
quieter than a traditional split system.
Consistent Comfort
The VRF system’s compressor can detect the precise requirement of each zone, and send the
precise amount of refrigerant needed to do the job. Thus, each area of the space is
consistently comfortable with well-controlled humidity and no hot or cold spots.

16. Requires less space
Since air handlers are smaller and VRF systems do not usually require ducts, they do not
require as much wall and ceiling space for the equipment. Hence gorgeous ceilings.
Modern Controls
Allows control over the temperature per occupants’ requirement.
3.3.2 THE OUTOOR UNIT
(picture from www.trane.com )
(picture from http://www.fujitsu-general.com/ ) (picture from
https://hvactutorial.wordpress.com )

17. (picture from http://www.fujitsu-general.com/ )
3.3.3 THE INDOOR UNITS
Fresh supply of air is blown into the space through the linear cassettes outlets and heat flow
to the grill showing on the ceiling

18. 3.3.4 CONTROLS NETWORK
Wired remote control
(Picture from http://www.fujitsu-general.com/ )
The temperature can be controlled as per occupant’s condition.

19. 4.0 Ventilation System
4.1 Literature Review
4.1.1 Mechanical Ventilation System
Ventilation is defined in a process where the change of air is taken place in an enclosed area
into a fresher and cleaner air. For the process to be in effect, the dirty and unwanted air is
extracted out and is resupplied with fresh and clean air from an external source into the
targeted enclosed space. This can be achieved with the use of mechanical ventilation system
that makes use of fans and air-conditioners. Apart of the changing of air, this ventilation
system can also aid in the distribution of collected air throughout the entire building or even
targeted spaces in a building. Hence, mechanical ventilation system can be said to have more
controlled over passive ventilation system however it requires maintenance to be effective.
This systems consist of certain components to function, a couple of those components are:
a) Fan : To pull stale air out
b) Makeup air supply : External air is delivered throughout the house
There are two main systems in which can be chosen depending on the climatic condition of
the country the building resides.
a) Spot Ventilation
b) Heat Recovery and Energy-Recovery Ventilation System

20. Each of this system is made up of the same components, in which are:
i) Fan
A device to impel air through inlets of ducts to remove hot, humid and polluted
air. They function to bring in outdoor air and circulate indoor air throughout a
building.
ii) Filters
To sift the external air that is being supplied from the inlets. This is a system to
trap dust and smoke and ensure there is no contamination that will enter the space.
iii) Ductwork
This is basically what consists of the network of the ventilation system that helps
to transport air from one point to another. They channel the extracted or supplied
air into the inside or outside of the building.
iv) Fire Dampers
In occurrence of fire, to avoid the fire from spreading from one room to another,
there is shut off systems implemented inside the ductworks to stop the spread of
fire. There are break of points that are susceptible to heat and that is what triggers
this shut offs.
v) Diffusers
The devices that are placed in rooms that requires to be supplied with air. It is the
end point of any ductwork which is carrying supplying air into a specific space in
a building.

21. 4.1.1.1 Spot Ventilation
Spot Ventilation system is separated into 3 different ways to run:
a) Supply System
Its mechanical purpose is to function as an inlet, causing the building to natural
extract its ventilation. Its purpose is to supply the room with positive pressure in
return; The air flow inside the space which consist of a higher pressure would then
flow out through the passive ventilation of the openings in the space into the lesser
pressured, in comparison to the space inside, outside.
b) Extract System
Its mechanical purpose is opposite of that in a supply system, where its mechanical
purpose is to be an extract ventilation and relying on passive ventilation to supply
fresh air into the space. Its function causes a build-up of negative pressure in that
space, in which causes the pressure to be lower in comparison to the outside, which
then causes air to be sucked in to replace the displacement of air inside the space.
c) Balancing/Combination System
It combines the two systems of supply and extract, hence there is a function with a
mechanical extract to release stored stale air and at the same time to resupply the
space with fresh and clean air. This system causes a slight pressurization which in
turn helps with the prevention of dust, draughts and noise. This system can be layout
throughout a building to achieve a balanced house pressure by supplying fresh air and
pickup stale air from multiple points in the building.

22. 4.2 Introduction to our building’s ventilation system
Mechanical ventilation system as explained in the literature review, consist of many types of
system which is used in case of the size, type and area the building resides in. As for our
building which is the Sir House, it uses a variety of spot ventilations.
4.3 Finding and analysis
4.3.1 Extract System (Spot Ventilation)
The primary use of this ventilation system is to extract all the stale air found mostly in the
toilets and kitchen for there is where the highest humidity level can be found and an extract
system is useful to insure the control of humidity by extracting the stale air out of the area
and with the design of the building, many openings can be found around the spaces which
would then resupply with building with fresh air. Since the area is in a residential area and is
protected from the main streets where all the dust and smog can be found, having just the
extract system is ideal for it does not just do its job well, it is more cost efficient among the
rest for this particular job.
4.3.2 Balance/Combined System (Spot Ventilation)
In the enclosed spaces such as the game room and clinical offices, the usage of a supply and
extract system can insure the pressurization in those spaces which would in turn prevent dust,
draughts and reduction of noise, which are incredible factors to keep for the selected spaces.
This balanced system can also secure clean air by installing filters in its ductworks and also
possible in controlling not just air pressure but temperature, humidity and also ventilation in
general. The key factor to the usage of this is its control factor which is important for the
users in the building which are fragile elderly people.

23. 4.4 Conclusion
According to the UBBL requirement and regulation (UBBL 2012, Amendments on EE and
MS 1525), each mechanical ventilation system (supply and/or exhaust) shall be equipped
with a readily accessible switch or other means for shut-off or volume reduction when
ventilation is not required. Examples of such devices would include timer switch control,
thermostat control, duty cycle programming and CO/CO2 sensor control.
All the ventilation stated above can be controlled from the switches located in the M&E room
in the building in case of any emergency or need to adjust for the elderly.
According to theMS1525 year 2007, ACMV system should be equipped with automatic
controls capable of accomplishing a reduction of energy use for example through equipment
shutdown during periods of non-users or alternative use of the spaces served by the system.
Since Sir House is a day-care centre of a small scale, there is no need for automatic controls
that are capable of accomplishing a reduction of energy such as turning off at a set time like
offices. The helpers employed for the day-care centre will be keep the system in check and
switch it off after working time to ensure the energy is not wasted in the building.
In conclusion, the system used for Sir House is appropriately chosen for its building size and
purposes. The components are all placed at an appropriate location, well-maintained and
taken care of. Every mechanical component is also adequate for a building of that scale.

24. 5.0 MECHANICAL TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM
5.1 Literature Review
The definition of a mechanical transportation system is an equipment or vehicle for
transporting users from one level of a building to another in the safest and most efficient
way. The ease of access mechanical transportation systems provided have proven to
benefit the quality of life for people, especially the old and weak. This is doubly so for a
building built for the elderly where mobility is restricted and tiring due to their age. The
biggest obstacle for the elderly would be travelling between floors of a building. There
are several mechanical transportation systems that fit with different traveling methods.
They are lifts/elevators, escalators, and travellators.
In this modern age, vertical transportation is now easily accessible with the invention of
machine room less (MRL) elevators which do not require the use of a machine room. The
motor which powers the car is installed using a permanent magnet which latches on the
motor permanently with magnetism and work with Variable Voltage Variable Frequency
(VVVF) drive. The main controller is installed on the top floor next to the landing doors
however, in certain cases it is installed on the bottom-most floor for easier access. The
elderly home uses this technology for their transportation system for traversing up floors.
This system is used for buildings of about two stories to thirty stories high. The
advantages of using a machine room less elevators include; but not limited to:
i) The availability of extra space to be used in the building due to the absence of a
machine room
ii) Reduction in construction costs, time, materials and coordination issues
iii) Easier installation
iv) Reduce the carbon footprint of the building while using up to 75% less energy
(due to the Variable Voltage Variable Frequency (VVVF) drive)
The most suitable system is a traction elevator because it works like a pulley system in
which the car is balanced by a counterweight on the other end. The two components are
then linked together by steel belts or steel wire ropes which is looped over the machine.
The counterweight is there are a counterbalance to the weight of the car. This allows for
less energy required to raise and lower the elevator. Some of the components that make
up a machine room less traction elevators are but not limited to:
i) A compact controller/inspection or test panel which is fitted within the hoistway
ii) Steel coated belts which are flexible to provide a smaller bending radius compared
to wire ropes
iii) Uses no oil (this eliminates the risk of fire)

25. 5.2 Introduction
This section of the report for this topic of mechanical transportation systems aim to cover
the components that are used in the interior of an elevator car as well as in the elevators
lobbies, highlighting the functions and the specifications of these components. Besides
that, there will be explanations provided for the traction version of the machine room less
elevator system to further familiarize the advantages of using it. Each significant
component used within this system will be focused and analyzed as well. Moreover, we
will be taking the entire system and its specifications and analyze it in accordance to the
Uniform Building By-Law requirements as well as other requirements to pinpoint the
efficiency of its design. Lastly, the elevator system will have its dimensions and
specifications listed out as a summary for clarification.
5.3 Findings and Analysis
5.4 External Elevator Components
5.4.1 Landing Lanterns
The main purpose of the landing lantern is to indicate the floor in which the elevator car
is currently stationed at as well as the direction it is heading, whether it be up or down.
Other than that, it also shows whether or not the car is out-of-service. These landing
lanterns must be placed at angles where it is completely visible within the elevator lobby.
5.4.2 Call Buttons
The call buttons are the main interactive component of the external part of the elevator
system. It is used to request for a car to the respective floor. Call buttons are installed on
every floor that requires the usage of the elevator car. Once pressed, the request in shown
by the illumination of the button to indicate the request being received and the elevator
car is on its way to the passenger.
5.4.3 Fireman’s Elevator Switch
The fireman’s switch is used for emergencies where it allows for the fire department to
over-ride all the floor calling systems to return all the elevator cars to where the fireman’s
elevator switch is activated. In most cases, the switch is located on the most bottom floor
as a safety precaution. In this case, the elevator cars will return to the lowest floor. Once
stationed on the floor designated, the elevator doors will open and remain open until the
switch is toggled once again.
5.4.4 Elevator Control Panel
The control panel is linked to the intercom located inside of the elevator car. During
emergencies, the control panel is opened and used by the elevators or the fire brigade to
assist victims trapped inside of the elevator car. This control panel must go through
scheduled maintenance for at least once per year to ensure optimum function and reduce
risk of breakdown.
5.4.5 Elevator Car Door

26. Elevator doors serve to prevent passengers from falling into the shaft of the system. The
usual configuration for the doors are two sliding panels that meet in the middle, allowing
it to open and close laterally. It is equipped with a laser sensor to prevent passengers from
being injured by a closing door. The clear opening of the elevator car door is about
1400mm typically.
5.5 Internal Elevator Components
5.5.1 Floor Selection Buttons and Emergency Call Button
The floor selection buttons allow passengers to select which floor they are heading and
once selected, the elevator car will ascend or descend to the chosen floor. The buttons
panel will always contain an emergency call button that is usually of a slightly different
colour to signify its importance and ease of locating it during times of emergency. The
purpose of this button is to set off an alarm and activate the intercom in the same instance.
The open and close door buttons allow the users to open or close the doors manually.
5.5.2 Ventilation
According to Malaysian Standard 1525, all elevator cars will be fitted with adequate
forced ventilation (with recommended air movement of 0.15 m/s – 0.50 m/s) during
elevator operation hours where the cars are available for transportation. The ventilating
fans or bowers are to be securely fastened in place and placed above the car ceiling or the
outside of the car enclosure.
5.5.3 Emergency Railings
Due to the building being built for the elderly, emergency railings are required for the
safety and ease for the passengers. Grab bars must be installed on both sides as well as the
rear side of the elevator car and raised at a height between 900mm to 1200mm from the
elevator landing floor level to adhere to the EN 81 ISO/TR 11071 standards. These bars
are required to be placed in a position for all the passengers to be able to grab onto in the
vicinity of the car.
5.6 Machine Room Lee Traction Elevator System
5.6.1 Diagram of System
5.6.2 Components of System
5.6.2.1 Inspection Service (INS)
The inspection service is used during routine maintenance operations. It allows the
contractors to control and maneuver the elevator car up and down. It is typically activated
by a key switch on the car operating panel labeled ‘Inspection’, ‘Car Top’, ‘Access
Enable’ or ‘HWENAB’. When activated, the elevator car will come to a stop if moving,
car calls will be canceled (and the buttons disabled), and calls from elevator lobbies
assigned to other elevator cars.
5.6.2.2 Gearless Motor and Steel Belt

27. The motor pulls and pushes the steel belts which moves the elevator cars upwards and
downwards.
5.6.2.3 Control Panel
The control panel is used during maintenance operations. It allows for configurations of
the elevator specifications. This is used by the elevator contractors.
5.6.2.4 Hinges
The hinges connect the steel wire ropes from the elevator car to the counterweights
located below the hinges.
5.6.2.5 Counterweights
The function of counterweights is to act as a counterbalancing object to the weight of the
elevator car.
5.6.3 Arrangement of System
-To be elaborated-
3.3.4 Uniform Building By-Law and Other Requirements
In accordance to the Uniform Building By-Law requirements, every elevator and elevator
shaft must open into a protected lobby which are to be equipped with smoke detectors.
Other than that, in the case of a fire, all the elevators will return to its designated floors
under the control of the fireman’s elevator switch. Lastly, with the control of the
fireman’s elevator switch, only the fireman elevators will be operable and shall respond to
car calls instead of the landing calls of the switch.
On to the more technical requirements are that the distance from the wall of the elevator
lobby to the elevator doors must be at a minimum of 2.4 m. Moreover, the distance from
each ends of the floor to the elevator lobby should not be more than 45 m.
6.3.5 Summary of Elevator Specifications
-To be elaborated-
6.4 Conclusion
The proposal for a mechanical transportation system to be installed for this building home
of the elderly is ultimately a machine room less traction elevator system due to its
simplicity and efficiency when compared to other systems. The elevator floor plan
positioning, layout, specification and precautions are to be designed in accordance to the
Malaysian Standards 1525, Uniform Building By-Law and other requirements for the
maximum security and safety of the passengers. In conclusion, this vertical transportation
system is the most capable system to be used for this building.

28. References
Department of Standards Malaysia. (2014). Malaysian Standard 1525:2014. Selangor:
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