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Harvard Reference Presentation.pdf

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Abeer Hasanin
Abeer Hasanin

Harvard Style for research referencing for human science and social science , Art education research for researchers and graduate students

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Harvard Style Referencing ‫أ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ل‬ ‫و‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ر‬ ‫د‬ ‫مل‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ث‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ل‬ ‫م‬ ‫ي‬ ‫د‬ . ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ل‬ ٢٠٢٢ ‫د‬ . ‫س‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ي‬ ‫د‬ ‫ح‬ ‫س‬ ‫ني‬ ‫د‬ . ‫ع‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ق‬ ‫س‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ص‬ ‫م‬ ‫ي‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ز‬ ‫خ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ك‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ة‬ / ‫ج‬ ‫ا‬ ‫م‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ل‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬ ۱۱/۲۰۲۲
‫أ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ل‬ ‫و‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ر‬ ‫د‬ ‫مل‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ث‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ل‬ ‫م‬ ‫ي‬ ‫د‬ . ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ل‬ ٢٠٢٢ ‫مت‬ ّ ‫ت‬ ‫ط‬ ‫و‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ظ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫م‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫د‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ت‬ ‫و‬ ‫ث‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ا‬ ‫م‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫د‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ا‬ ‫م‬ 1930 ‫م‬ ، ‫و‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ظ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫م‬ ‫م‬ ‫ن‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ك‬ ‫ث‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ت‬ ‫و‬ ‫ث‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫ت‬ ‫خ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫م‬ ‫؛‬ ‫ب‬ ‫س‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ب‬ ‫مت‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫د‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ة‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫مل‬ ‫ر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ة‬ . ‫و‬ ‫ي‬ ُ ‫س‬ ‫ت‬ ‫خ‬ ‫د‬ ‫م‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ظ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫م‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫د‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ش‬ ‫ك‬ ‫ل‬ ٍ ‫أ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫ي‬ ‫م‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ال‬ ّ ‫ب‬ ‫ا‬ ‫جل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫م‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ت‬ ‫خ‬ ‫ص‬ ‫ص‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إل‬ ‫ن‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ة‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ل‬ ‫و‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ة‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ال‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ت‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ة‬ . ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ث‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ل‬ ‫م‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ع‬ ‫د‬ ‫ي‬ ‫د‬ ‫م‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫خل‬ ‫ط‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ت‬ ‫و‬ ‫ث‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ه‬ . ‫و‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ش‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ت‬ ‫و‬ ‫ث‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ق‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ق‬ ‫و‬ ‫م‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ث‬ ‫م‬ ‫ن‬ ‫خ‬ ‫ال‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ث‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫مل‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫م‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬ . ‫و‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ك‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ع‬ ‫د‬ ‫ي‬ ‫د‬ ‫م‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ت‬ ‫و‬ ‫ث‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ق‬ ‫و‬ ‫م‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ظ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫م‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫د‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ت‬ ‫و‬ ‫ث‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ق‬ . Harvard Style
‫أ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ل‬ ‫و‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ر‬ ‫د‬ ‫مل‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ث‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ل‬ ‫م‬ ‫ي‬ ‫د‬ . ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ل‬ ٢٠٢٢ ‫ا‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫خ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ص‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ث‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ئ‬ ‫م‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫مل‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ئ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ه‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إل‬ ‫ش‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫مل‬ ‫و‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ل‬ ‫م‬ ‫ص‬ ‫د‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ص‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ث‬ ‫ف‬ ‫و‬ ‫ر‬ ً ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ع‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫ت‬ ‫خ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬ ‫مل‬ ‫ص‬ ‫د‬ ‫ر‬ ‫س‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ك‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬ ‫م‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ب‬ ‫س‬ ً ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫م‬ ‫و‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ز‬ ً ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ئ‬ ‫م‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ص‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫ت‬ ‫خ‬ ‫د‬ ‫م‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ع‬ ‫م‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ث‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ق‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ئ‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬ ‫مل‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ا‬ ‫م‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫د‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ج‬ ‫د‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ة‬
‫د‬ . ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ل‬ ٢٠٢٢ ‫أ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ل‬ ‫و‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ر‬ ‫د‬ ‫مل‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ث‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ل‬ ‫م‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ت‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ال‬ ‫س‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ش‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ا‬ ‫مل‬ ‫ص‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ر‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫خ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ص‬ ‫ب‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬ ‫مل‬ ‫ؤ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ف‬ ) ‫ا‬ ‫مل‬ ‫ؤ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ني‬ ( ‫م‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ب‬ ‫و‬ ‫ع‬ ً ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ي‬ ‫خ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ش‬ ‫ر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ص‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ة‬ ۱ . ‫ا‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫خ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ث‬ ) ‫خ‬ ‫ال‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ص‬ (
‫د‬ . ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ل‬ ٢٠٢٢ ‫أ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ل‬ ‫و‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ر‬ ‫د‬ ‫مل‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ث‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ل‬ ‫م‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ت‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ال‬ ‫س‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ش‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ا‬ ‫مل‬ ‫ص‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ر‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫خ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ص‬ ‫ب‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬ ‫مل‬ ‫ؤ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ف‬ ) ‫ا‬ ‫مل‬ ‫ؤ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ني‬ ( ‫م‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ب‬ ‫و‬ ‫ع‬ ً ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ي‬ ‫خ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ش‬ ‫ر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ص‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ح‬ ‫س‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ا‬ ‫حل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ال‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ة‬ : ) ‫ح‬ ‫س‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ني‬ ، ۲۰۱۷ ، ‫ص‬ . ٤۲ ( ‫ي‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ك‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ح‬ ‫س‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ني‬ ) ۲۰۱۷ ، ‫ص‬ . ٤۲ ( ‫أ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ه‬ . . . . . . . . . ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬ ‫مل‬ ‫ؤ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ف‬ ) ۲۰۱۷ ، ‫ع‬ ‫ن‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫جل‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ئ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ة‬ ، ‫ف‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬ ۲ ( ‫ح‬ ‫س‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ني‬ ) ۲۰۱۷ ، ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫د‬ ‫ال‬ ‫ال‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ر‬ ‫م‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ة‬ ، ‫ف‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬ ۲ ( According to Smith (2017, p10) ‫ف‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ظ‬ ‫ه‬ ‫و‬ ‫ر‬ ‫أ‬ ‫س‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ا‬ ‫مل‬ ‫ؤ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ني‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ص‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ع‬ ‫د‬ ‫م‬ ‫ظ‬ ‫ه‬ ‫و‬ ‫ر‬ ‫أ‬ ‫س‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ا‬ ‫مل‬ ‫ؤ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ني‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ص‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ت‬ ‫م‬ ‫ك‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫مل‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ك‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ع‬ ‫د‬ ‫م‬ ‫ت‬ ‫و‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ر‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ا‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ص‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫مل‬ ‫ؤ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ح‬ ‫د‬ (Smith, 2017, p.10) ۱ . ‫ا‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫خ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ث‬ ) ‫خ‬ ‫ال‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ص‬ (
‫د‬ . ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ل‬ ٢٠٢٢ ‫أ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ل‬ ‫و‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ر‬ ‫د‬ ‫مل‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ث‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ل‬ ‫م‬ ‫ي‬ ) ‫ح‬ ‫س‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ني‬ ، ‫ب‬ ۲۰۱۷ ، ‫ص‬ . ٤۲ ( ‫ي‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ك‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ح‬ ‫س‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ني‬ ) ‫أ‬ ۲۰۱۷ ، ‫ص‬ . ٤۲ ( According to Smith (2017a, p.10) ‫ف‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ظ‬ ‫ه‬ ‫و‬ ‫ر‬ ‫أ‬ ‫س‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ا‬ ‫مل‬ ‫ؤ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ني‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ص‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ع‬ ‫د‬ ‫م‬ ‫ظ‬ ‫ه‬ ‫و‬ ‫ر‬ ‫أ‬ ‫س‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ا‬ ‫مل‬ ‫ؤ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ني‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ص‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ت‬ ‫م‬ ‫ك‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫مل‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ك‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ك‬ ‫ث‬ ‫ر‬ ‫م‬ ‫ن‬ ‫م‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ف‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫مل‬ ‫ؤ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ف‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ا‬ ‫م‬ ) ‫ح‬ ‫س‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ني‬ ، ‫أ‬ ۲۰۱۷ ، ‫ص‬ . ٤۲ ( (Smith, 2017b, p.10) (Smith, 2017a, p.10) ‫ي‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ك‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ح‬ ‫س‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ني‬ ) ‫ب‬ ۲۰۱۷ ، ‫ص‬ . ٤۲ ( According to Smith (2017b, p.10) ۱ . ‫ا‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫خ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ث‬ ) ‫خ‬ ‫ال‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ص‬ (
‫د‬ . ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ل‬ ٢٠٢٢ ‫أ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ل‬ ‫و‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ر‬ ‫د‬ ‫مل‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ث‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ل‬ ‫م‬ ‫ي‬ ) ‫ع‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ل‬ ، ‫أ‬ . ، ۲۰۱۷ ، ‫ص‬ . ٤۲ ( ‫ت‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ك‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ل‬ ، ‫ع‬ . ) ۲۰۱۷ ، ‫ص‬ . ٤۲ ( ‫أ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ه‬ . . . . . . . . According to Williams, A., (2017a,p15) ‫ف‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ظ‬ ‫ه‬ ‫و‬ ‫ر‬ ‫أ‬ ‫س‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ا‬ ‫مل‬ ‫ؤ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ني‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ص‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ت‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إل‬ ‫ش‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إل‬ ‫س‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أل‬ ‫و‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ا‬ ‫حل‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أل‬ ‫و‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ط‬ ‫م‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إل‬ ‫س‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ئ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ع‬ ‫د‬ ‫م‬ ‫ظ‬ ‫ه‬ ‫و‬ ‫ر‬ ‫أ‬ ‫س‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ا‬ ‫مل‬ ‫ؤ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ني‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ص‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ك‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ف‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ال‬ ‫س‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ئ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ع‬ ‫د‬ ‫د‬ ‫م‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫مل‬ ‫ؤ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ني‬ ) ‫ع‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ل‬ ، ‫ع‬ . ، 2017 ، ‫ص‬ . 42 ( ‫ت‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ك‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ل‬ ، ‫أ‬ . ) ۲۰۱۷ ، ‫ص‬ . ٤۲ ( ‫أ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ه‬ . . . . . . . . According to Williams, J., (2017b,p15) (Williams, A., 2009, p.15) (Williams, J., 2009, p.15) ) ‫ع‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ل‬ ، ‫ع‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ر‬ ، 2017 ، ‫ص‬ . 42 ( ) ‫ع‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ل‬ ، ‫أ‬ ‫س‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ء‬ ، ۲۰۱۷ ، ‫ص‬ . ٤۲ ( ‫ت‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ك‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ل‬ ) ۲۰۱۷ ، ‫ص‬ . ٤۲ ( ‫أ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ه‬ . . . . . . . . ‫ت‬ ‫د‬ ‫ك‬ ‫ر‬ ‫أ‬ ‫س‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ل‬ ) ۲۰۱۷ ، ‫ص‬ . ٤۲ ( ‫أ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ه‬ . . . . . . . . ۱ . ‫ا‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫خ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ث‬ ) ‫خ‬ ‫ال‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ص‬ (
‫د‬ . ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ل‬ ٢٠٢٢ ‫أ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ل‬ ‫و‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ر‬ ‫د‬ ‫مل‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ث‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ل‬ ‫م‬ ‫ي‬ ) ‫ع‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ل‬ ، ‫و‬ ‫آ‬ ‫خ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ن‬ ۲۰۱۷ ، ‫ص‬ . ٤۲ ( ‫ي‬ ‫ت‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إل‬ ‫ش‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إل‬ ‫س‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ئ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ل‬ ‫م‬ ‫ؤ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أل‬ ‫و‬ ‫ل‬ ‫م‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ك‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬ ) ‫و‬ ‫آ‬ ‫خ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ن‬ ( ‫ف‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ع‬ ‫د‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أل‬ ‫س‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ء‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ك‬ ‫ث‬ ‫ر‬ ‫م‬ ‫ن‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ث‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ني‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ع‬ ‫د‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫مل‬ ‫ؤ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ني‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ف‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫مل‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ع‬ ) ‫ع‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ل‬ ، ‫و‬ ‫ح‬ ‫س‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ني‬ ، ۲۰۱۷ ، ‫ص‬ . ٤۲ ( (Taylor et al. ، 2015, p.50) ‫ي‬ ‫ت‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إل‬ ‫ش‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إل‬ ‫س‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ئ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ل‬ ‫م‬ ‫ؤ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أل‬ ‫و‬ ‫ل‬ ، ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫مل‬ ‫ؤ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ث‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ث‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ني‬ ‫م‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫مل‬ ‫ؤ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ني‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ط‬ (Smith, and Williams, 2017b, p.15) (Smith, & Williams, 2017b, p.15) ۱ . ‫ا‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫خ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ث‬ ) ‫خ‬ ‫ال‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ص‬ (
‫د‬ . ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ل‬ ٢٠٢٢ ‫أ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ل‬ ‫و‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ر‬ ‫د‬ ‫مل‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ث‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ل‬ ‫م‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ع‬ ‫د‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫مل‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ف‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫مل‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ع‬ ) ‫ع‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ل‬ ، 2017 ، ‫ص‬ . ۲٤ ‫؛‬ ‫ح‬ ‫س‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ني‬ ، ۲۰۱٥ ، ‫ص‬ . ۲۰ ( ‫ي‬ ‫ت‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إل‬ ‫ش‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إل‬ ‫س‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ئ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ي‬ ‫مل‬ ‫ؤ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ا‬ ‫مل‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أل‬ ‫و‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ث‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ي‬ ‫خ‬ ‫ث‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ص‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ة‬ ‫و‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ال‬ ‫م‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ص‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ة‬ ‫م‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ق‬ ‫و‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ة‬ ) ‫؛‬ ( ‫ث‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إل‬ ‫س‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ئ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ي‬ ‫مل‬ ‫ؤ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ا‬ ‫مل‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ث‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ث‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ي‬ ‫خ‬ ‫ث‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ص‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ة‬ (Smith, 2017b, p.15; and Williams,2017,p.30) ۱ . ‫ا‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫خ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ث‬ ) ‫خ‬ ‫ال‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ص‬ (
‫د‬ . ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ل‬ ٢٠٢٢ ‫أ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ل‬ ‫و‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ر‬ ‫د‬ ‫مل‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ث‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ل‬ ‫م‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ج‬ ‫و‬ ‫ع‬ ‫مل‬ ‫ؤ‬ ‫س‬ ‫س‬ ‫ة‬ ‫و‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ي‬ ‫س‬ ‫ت‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ) ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ئ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ا‬ ‫م‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ل‬ ‫آل‬ ‫ث‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ، ۲۰۱٥ ، ‫ص‬ . ۲۰ ( ‫ي‬ ‫ت‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إل‬ ‫ش‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬ ‫مل‬ ‫ؤ‬ ‫س‬ ‫س‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ث‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ي‬ ‫خ‬ ‫ث‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ص‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ة‬ (Woodland Trust، 2016,p.30) ۱ . ‫ا‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫خ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ث‬ ) ‫خ‬ ‫ال‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ص‬ (
‫د‬ . ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ل‬ ٢٠٢٢ ‫أ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ل‬ ‫و‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ر‬ ‫د‬ ‫مل‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ث‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ل‬ ‫م‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ال‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ض‬ ‫م‬ ‫ني‬ ‫م‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ا‬ ‫م‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫مل‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ع‬ ‫د‬ ‫م‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ن‬ ‫س‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫مل‬ ‫س‬ ‫م‬ ‫و‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إل‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ك‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫مل‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ب‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫خ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ال‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إل‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ) " . . . . " ( There is still a labelling issue when it comes to flavourings in food, it is noted that, "flavours such as vanillin which occur naturally in food are called ‘nature–identical’. The label does not have to state where it comes from." (Wilson, 2009, p. 257). ‫ي‬ ‫ش‬ ‫ك‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ت‬ ‫غ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫مل‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫خ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ه‬ ‫د‬ ‫ي‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ً ‫م‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ش‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ً ‫ل‬ ‫ق‬ ‫د‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ء‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ن‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ء‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ال‬ ‫ز‬ ‫د‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ . " ‫ق‬ ‫د‬ ‫أ‬ ‫خ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ظ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫جل‬ ‫و‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ص‬ ‫و‬ ‫ى‬ ، ‫م‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أل‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ص‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ر‬ ‫و‬ ‫م‬ ‫و‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫حل‬ ‫ر‬ ، ‫ت‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ي‬ ‫د‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ت‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ش‬ ‫د‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬ ، ‫و‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ه‬ ‫د‬ ‫د‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أل‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫و‬ ‫ت‬ ‫د‬ ‫م‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ك‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أل‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫حل‬ ‫ي‬ ‫و‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ه‬ ‫م‬ . ‫ك‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ت‬ ‫س‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ض‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ب‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ض‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ف‬ ‫م‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ا‬ ‫مل‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ص‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ص‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ي‬ ، ‫مم‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ق‬ ‫و‬ ‫د‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ش‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫أ‬ ‫م‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ض‬ ‫م‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ك‬ ‫و‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ، ‫و‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ي‬ ‫مت‬ ‫ث‬ ‫ل‬ ‫خ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ً ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬ ً ‫ع‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أل‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ص‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ة‬ ‫خ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ص‬ ‫ة‬ . " ) ‫ع‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ، ۲۰۲۲ ( ۱ . ‫ا‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫خ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ث‬ ) ‫خ‬ ‫ال‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ص‬ ( Quoting
‫د‬ . ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ل‬ ٢٠٢٢ ‫أ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ل‬ ‫و‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ر‬ ‫د‬ ‫مل‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ث‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ل‬ ‫م‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻔ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻊ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ث‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ع‬ ‫د‬ ‫ل‬ ، ‫م‬ ‫ح‬ ‫م‬ ‫د‬ ‫ح‬ ‫س‬ ‫ني‬ ) ۲۰۱۰ ( ، ‫د‬ ‫و‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫خل‬ ‫د‬ ‫م‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ال‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ت‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ة‬ : ‫س‬ ‫ل‬ ‫و‬ ‫ك‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ال‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ا‬ ‫مل‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫س‬ ، ‫ط‬ ۲ ، ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬ : ‫ط‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ش‬ ‫ر‬ . ‫ف‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ال‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫م‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ك‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ب‬ ۲ . ‫ق‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ئ‬ ‫م‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫مل‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ث‬
‫د‬ . ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ل‬ ٢٠٢٢ ‫أ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ل‬ ‫و‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ر‬ ‫د‬ ‫مل‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ث‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ل‬ ‫م‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻔ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻊ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ث‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ع‬ ‫د‬ ‫ل‬ ، ‫م‬ ‫ح‬ ‫م‬ ‫د‬ ‫ح‬ ‫س‬ ‫ني‬ ) ۲۰۱۰ ( ’ ‫د‬ ‫و‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫خل‬ ‫د‬ ‫م‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ال‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ت‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ة‬ : ‫س‬ ‫ل‬ ‫و‬ ‫ك‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ال‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ا‬ ‫مل‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫س‬ ’ ، ‫ب‬ ‫ح‬ ‫و‬ ‫ث‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ة‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ن‬ ‫و‬ ‫ن‬ ، ٤۷ ) ۳ ( ، ‫ص‬ . ۲۰۳ - ۲۲۱ . ‫ف‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ال‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫م‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫مل‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ال‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ل‬ ‫م‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫مل‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ب‬ ‫و‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ة‬ Author of article Surname, Initial(s). (Year) 'Title of article', Journal title, Volume(Issue), Page range. Austin, T. (2012) 'Takers keepers, losers weepers: theft as customary play in southern Philippines', Journal of Folklore Research, 49(3), pp. 263–284. ۲ . ‫ق‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ئ‬ ‫م‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫مل‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ث‬
‫د‬ . ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ل‬ ٢٠٢٢ ‫أ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ل‬ ‫و‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ر‬ ‫د‬ ‫مل‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ث‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ل‬ ‫م‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻔ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻊ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ث‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ع‬ ‫د‬ ‫ل‬ ، ‫م‬ ‫ح‬ ‫م‬ ‫د‬ ‫ح‬ ‫س‬ ‫ني‬ ) 2010 ( ’ ‫د‬ ‫و‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫خل‬ ‫د‬ ‫م‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ال‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ت‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ة‬ : ‫س‬ ‫ل‬ ‫و‬ ‫ك‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ال‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ا‬ ‫مل‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫س‬ ’ ، ‫ب‬ ‫ح‬ ‫و‬ ‫ث‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ة‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ن‬ ‫و‬ ‫ن‬ ، ٤۷ ) ۳ ( ، ‫ص‬ . ۲۰۲ - ۲۱۸ . ‫م‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ي‬ : https://seaf.journals.ekb.eg/ ) ‫مت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ص‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ي‬ : ۸ ‫إ‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ل‬ ۲۰۲۲ ( . ‫ف‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ال‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫م‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫مل‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ال‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ل‬ ‫م‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إل‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ك‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ة‬ ) Online ( Author of article Surname, Initial(s). (Year) 'Title of article', Title of Journal, Volume(Issue), Page range (if available). Available at: URL (Accessed: date). Ashby, A. (1999) 'Frank Zappa and the anti–fetishist orchestra', The Musical Quarterly, 83(4), pp. 557–606. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/742617 (Accessed: 8 April 2021). ۲ . ‫ق‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ئ‬ ‫م‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫مل‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ث‬
‫د‬ . ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ل‬ ٢٠٢٢ ‫أ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ل‬ ‫و‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ر‬ ‫د‬ ‫مل‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ث‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ل‬ ‫م‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻔ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻊ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ث‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ال‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫م‬ ‫ن‬ ‫م‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إل‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ك‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ة‬ ) Online ( ‫م‬ ‫و‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ك‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ي‬ website ‫ص‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ك‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ة‬ Webpage ‫ه‬ ‫ي‬ ‫م‬ ‫س‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ن‬ ‫د‬ ‫مي‬ ‫ك‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ض‬ ‫م‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ت‬ ‫و‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ه‬ ‫م‬ ‫ن‬ ‫خ‬ ‫ال‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫مل‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ص‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫م‬ ‫ث‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ف‬ ‫و‬ ‫ك‬ ‫س‬ ‫و‬ ‫غ‬ ‫و‬ ‫غ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ك‬ ‫ر‬ ‫و‬ ‫م‬ ‫و‬ ‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ب‬ ِ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ك‬ ‫ر‬ ‫و‬ ‫س‬ ‫و‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ت‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ك‬ ‫س‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ل‬ ‫و‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ر‬ ‫و‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫د‬ ‫ج‬ ‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫م‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ص‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ح‬ ‫س‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ي‬ ‫م‬ ‫ن‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ل‬ . ‫ت‬ ‫د‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫مل‬ ‫س‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ن‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬ ً ‫ا‬ " ‫ص‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ " ‫ف‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ط‬ . ‫و‬ ‫ه‬ ‫و‬ ‫م‬ ‫ج‬ ‫م‬ ‫و‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ة‬ ‫م‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ص‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫و‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ب‬ ‫جت‬ ‫م‬ َّ ‫ع‬ ‫م‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ض‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬ ، ‫و‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ق‬ ‫م‬ ‫خ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ة‬ . ‫ت‬ ‫د‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ى‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬ ً ‫ا‬ " ‫م‬ ‫و‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ع‬ ‫و‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ب‬ " ‫و‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ " ‫م‬ ‫و‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ع‬ " ‫ف‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ط‬ ۲ . ‫ق‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ئ‬ ‫م‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫مل‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ث‬
‫د‬ . ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ل‬ ٢٠٢٢ ‫أ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ل‬ ‫و‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ر‬ ‫د‬ ‫مل‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ث‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ل‬ ‫م‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻔ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻊ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ث‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ال‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫م‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ص‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إل‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ك‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ة‬ ) Online ( (If not available use Website name) ۲ . ‫ق‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ئ‬ ‫م‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫مل‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ث‬ Rosen, M. (2021) Michael Rosen Biography. Available at: https://www.michaelrosen.co.uk/for-adults- biography/ (Accessed: 26 April 2021). Accessed: date Available at: URL Title of web page (Year site was published/last updated) Author Surname, Initial(s).
‫د‬ . ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ل‬ ٢٠٢٢ ‫أ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ل‬ ‫و‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ر‬ ‫د‬ ‫مل‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ث‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ل‬ ‫م‬ ‫ي‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ك‬ ‫و‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ص‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ة‬ ‫م‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ص‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ث‬ . ‫أ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ك‬ ‫و‬ ‫ن‬ ‫م‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ت‬ ّ ‫ب‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ج‬ ‫د‬ ‫ي‬ ً ‫ا‬ ‫ح‬ ‫س‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬ ‫مل‬ ‫ؤ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ف‬ ، ‫إ‬ ‫ال‬ ّ ‫ف‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ع‬ ‫د‬ ‫م‬ ‫و‬ ‫ج‬ ‫و‬ ‫د‬ ‫ه‬ ، ‫ف‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ت‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ح‬ ‫س‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ن‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫مل‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ع‬ ‫م‬ ‫ع‬ ‫جت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ل‬ ‫أ‬ ‫د‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ف‬ a، an، ‫و‬ the ‫ف‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ل‬ ‫غ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إل‬ ‫جن‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ة‬ ‫و‬ " ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ـ‬ " ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ة‬ . ‫ف‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫و‬ ‫ج‬ ‫و‬ ‫د‬ ‫ع‬ ‫د‬ ّ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ع‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ف‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ك‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ب‬ ، ‫ي‬ ‫ت‬ ‫م‬ ّ ‫ت‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ح‬ ‫س‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ي‬ ‫خ‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ك‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أل‬ ‫ع‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ف‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫س‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ة‬ ، ‫ي‬ ‫ت‬ ‫م‬ ّ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ب‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ج‬ ‫د‬ ‫ي‬ ً ‫ا‬ ‫ح‬ ‫س‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ن‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬ ‫م‬ ‫ع‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ض‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أل‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ف‬ ) a،b،c...) ‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ) ‫أ‬ ، ‫ب‬ ، ‫ج‬ ‫ـ‬ . . . ( ‫ب‬ ‫ع‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ي‬ ‫خ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ك‬ ‫و‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫مل‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ة‬ ‫م‬ ‫ز‬ ‫د‬ ‫و‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ني‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أل‬ ‫س‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ر‬ double spaced) ( ‫أ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ت‬ ُ ‫ذ‬ ‫ك‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ج‬ ‫م‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ص‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫مل‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ا‬ ‫مل‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ك‬ ‫و‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ي‬ ‫م‬ ‫نت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ث‬ ‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ب‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ت‬ ‫س‬ ‫ت‬ ‫و‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ئ‬ ‫م‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫مل‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ظ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫م‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫د‬ ، ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ش‬ ‫ر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ة‬ : ۲ . ‫ق‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ئ‬ ‫م‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫مل‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ث‬
‫د‬ . ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ل‬ ٢٠٢٢ ‫أ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ل‬ ‫و‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ر‬ ‫د‬ ‫مل‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ث‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ل‬ ‫م‬ ‫ي‬ ‫مي‬ ‫ك‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ج‬ ‫و‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ك‬ ‫ا‬ ‫مل‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ج‬ ‫م‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ع‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ا‬ ‫مل‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫خل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ص‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ر‬ ‫د‬ ۳ . ‫ا‬ ‫مل‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ع‬ The University Research Skills and Critical Thinking. (last reviewed March 2022), Quickstart Harvard Referencing Guide. Available at: https://librarydevelopment.group.shef.ac.uk/referencing/harvard.html (Accesed on 8th Feb. 2022). ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ . ) ‫ﯾ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫و‬ ٢٠٢٠ ( ، ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ظ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫م‬ ‫ھ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫د‬ . ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﻔ‬ ‫ﺢ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ : https://www.for9a.com/learn/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84- %D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84- %D9%84%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%AB%D9%8A%D9%82- %D8%A8%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85- %D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF ) ‫ﺗ‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﻔ‬ ‫ﺢ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ : ٢٠ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ر‬ ٢٠٢٢ ( . Microsoft, Create a bibliography, citations, and references. Available at: https://support.microsoft.com/en- us/office/create-a-bibliography-citations-and-references-17686589-4824-4940-9c69-342c289fa2a5 (Accesed on 20th Feb. 2022
‫د‬ . ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ل‬ ٢٠٢٢ ‫أ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ل‬ ‫و‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ر‬ ‫د‬ ‫مل‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ث‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ل‬ ‫م‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ت‬ ‫د‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ع‬ ‫م‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ي‬ ‫إ‬ ‫د‬ ‫خ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫مل‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫م‬ ‫ج‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ك‬ ‫ر‬ ‫و‬ ‫س‬ ‫و‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ت‬ ‫و‬ ‫ر‬ ‫د‬ ٤ . ‫ت‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ع‬ ‫م‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ي‬ Create a bibliography, citations, and references

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