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Fractional distillation
- 2. WHAT IS FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION? • Separating solutions • Different boiling points • Fractionating Column • Physical Properties
- 3. HOW DOES IT WORK? 1. Heat the mixtures with different boiling points. (High pressure) 3. The vapours rise to fractional distillation column 2. The mixture starts to boil and forming vapour 4. The vapours condenses in a column called Condenser 5. ‘Distillate’ is received in a receiving flask.
- 4. WHAT ARE THE PRODUCTS USED FOR? Separating Crude Oil Separating Chemicals in the lab Alcoholic Drinks – Spirits Creating Perfume
- 7. FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION • Cost : 1 million RMB – 10 million RMB (depends on the size) • Cost to run: Depends on the capacity and types of oil • Areas : America / Russia / Middle East • Employees : 4-5 people in Europe / 10-30 people in China
- 8. WHAT ARE HYDROCARBONS? • Organic Chemical Compound • Hydrogen and Carbon • Different Properties ( Solid, Liquid, Gas) • More than 100,000 hydrocarbons • Many different uses • Crude Oil
- 9. HYDROCARBONS CHAIN - CRUDE OIL
- 10. WHAT RESEARCH IS CURRENTLY BEING DONE ON FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION?
- 11. INTERESTING FACTS • The distillation process at an oil refinery consumes 2 barrels of oil in energy for every 100 barrels of refined oil • Widely use in Make-Up • It is also used in create natural food flavourings
Notes de l'éditeur
- Fractional distillation is a process of separating solutions by different boiling points. For example, when there is a lower boiling point, it evaporates quickly than the other components. By this process we can collect different types of materials and elements. Mixtures are split from one another by heating it in a column and collecting and condensing the vapours from different levels of the column.
- The process of fractional distillation is Heat the mixture of two or more substances with different boiling points to a high temperature. Heating is usually done with high pressure. The mixture starts to boil and forming vapour. The vapours rise to the each column and filled with trays or plates. As the vapour rises through the trays in the column, it cools down the vapours, which turns into the liquid again. In different levels of the column, we can collect different liquids (vapours)
- Fractional distillation is used industrially to separate petroleum fractions. Liquefied air is separated into its components by fractional distillation.
- Hydrocarbons Hydrocarbon is an organic chemical compound, which contains carbon and hydrogen. The interesting fact about this chemical compound is that it can be form as gases, liquids or solids depend on the form of things. They are usually found in plants, petroleum, natural gas, oil shale and more. They are used as fuels and some industrial chemicals such as plastics, dyes, drugs and other products. Actually, there are more than 100,000 hydrocarbons are known because carbon atoms can unite (combine) with many different ways to form different shapes.