1. The Anatomy and Physiology of
The Nervous
System
Dr Ashwini Kalantri

2. Organs
CNS:
 Brain
 Spinal Cord
PNS:
 Nerves

3. Brain
 It is one of the largest organs in the body, and
coordinates most body activities.
 It is the center for all
thought, memory, judgment, and emotion.
 Each part of the brain is responsible for controlling
different body functions, such as temperature
regulation and breathing.

4. Cerebrum
 It is the largest section of the brain
 It is located in the upper portion of the brain and is
the area that processes
thoughts, judgment, memory, problem solving, and
language.
 The outer layer of the cerebrum is the cerebral
cortex, which is composed of folds of gray matter.
 The cerebrum is subdivided into the left and right
halves called cerebral hemispheres. Each
hemisphere has 4 lobes.

5. Lobes of Cerebrum

6. Lobes of Cerebrum
 1. Frontal lobe: Most anterior portion of the
cerebrum, controls motor function, personality, and
speech
 2. Parietal lobe: The most superior portion of the
cerebrum, receives and interprets nerve impulses
from sensory receptors and interprets language.
 3. Occipital lobe: The most posterior portion of
the cerebrum, controls vision.
 4. Temporal lobe: The left and right lateral
portion of the cerebrum, controls hearing and smell

7. Cerebellum
 Second largest portion of the brain
 Located beneath the posterior part of the cerebrum
 Aids in coordinating voluntary body movements
and maintaining balance and equilibrium
 Refines the muscular movement that is initiated in
the cerebrum

8. Brain Stem
 Midbrain—acts as a pathway for impulses to be
conducted between the brain and the spinal cord.
 Pons — means bridge—connects the cerebellum to
the rest of the brain.
 Medulla oblongata—most inferior positioned
portion of the brain; it connects the brain to the
spinal cord.

10. Spinal Cord
 Runs through the vertebral canal
 Extends from foramen magnum to 2nd lumbar
vertebra
 Regions
 Cervical
 Thoracic
 Lumbar
 Sacral
 Coccygeal
 Gives rise to 31 pairs of spinal nerves - all are mixed
nerves

11. Meninges
 Dura mater: outermost
layer; continuous with
epineurium of the
spinal nerves
 Arachnoid mater: thin
and wispy
 Pia mater: bound
tightly to surface

12. Nerves

13. Nerves

14. Neuron

15. Synapse