This regional analysis reviews progress in the Asia-Pacific region towards achieving the expected outcomes. The presentation gives detailed idea about all the countries through a rigorous PESTEL analysis.

1. REGIONAL ANALYSIS OF ASIA

2. ASIA

3. ASIA48.5COUNTRIES

4. ASIA49COUNTRIES

5. ASIA60%POPULATION

6. ASIA28%GDP CONTRIBUTION
Continents
GDP (US$)
Percentage GDP
Europe
24.4 trillion
34%
North America
20.3 trillion
28%
Asia
18.5 trillion
26%
South America
4.2 trillion
6%
Africa
2.6 trillion
4%
Oceania
1.8 trillion
2%
Antarctica
N/A
-

7. ASIA4Billionaire cities are in Asia10OUT OF

8. ASIA7Largest cities are in Asia10OUT OF

9. DIVISIONof the countries
BOTTOM TIER
HDI 0.65 –0.75
HDI > 0.75
MIDDLE TIER
TOP TIER
HDI < 0.65
Source: HDI 2013 as per UNDP

10. Afghanistan]
0.468
Syria
0.658
Kazakhstan
0.754
Yemen
0.500
Philippines
0.660
Turkey
0.759
Myanmar
0.524
Uzbekistan
0.661
Lebanon
0.765
Pakistan
0.537
Indonesia
0.684
Malaysia
0.773
Nepal
0.540
Palestine
0.686
Russia
0.778
Bangladesh
0.558
Maldives
0.698
Oman
0.783
Lao PDR
0.569
Mongolia
0.698
Kuwait
0.814
Bhutan
0.584
Turkmenistan
0.698
Bahrain
0.815
Cambodia
0.584
China
0.719
UAE
0.827
India
0.586
Thailand
0.722
Saudi Arabia
0.836
Tajikistan
0.607
Armenia
0.730
Republic of Cyprus
0.845
Timor
0.620
Georgia
0.744
Qatar
0.851
Kyrgyzstan
0.628
Jordan
0.745
Brunei Darussalam
0.852
Vietnam
0.638
Azerbaijan
0.747
Israel
0.888
Iraq
0.642
Iran
0.749
Japan
0.890
Sri Lanka
0.750
South Korea
0.891

11. ASIAESTLEOLITICAL

12. FACTORSconsidered
Republic
Constitutional Monarchy
Absolute Monarchy
TheocracyTypes of government

13. FACTORSconsidered
Corruption perception index
Transparency international
Lower the value, higher the corruptionCorruption

14. FACTORSconsidered
Freedom of the press report 2014
Freedom House
Not free (0 to 30); Partly Free (31 to 60); Free (61 to 100) Freedom of press

15. BOTTOM TIER
Type of Government:
•Laos and Vietnam: Republic, but singleparty dominated
•Bhutan and Cambodia: Constitutionalmonarchy
•11 other countries follow either Presidential or Parliamentary Republic

16. BOTTOM TIER
Corruption
•Average CPI: 27
•136thposition out of 176
•Worst position: Afghanistan(CPI of 8)
•Bangladesh’sCPI: 27
Global Average CPI: 43

17. BOTTOM TIER
Freedom of the Press
•There is no country that is “FREE”
•Average: 65
•Nepal, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Indiaand Timorare “PARTLY FREE”
•10 others are “NOT FREE”
•Worst position: Laosand Vietnam(scores: 84)
Global Average: 48 (Partly Free)

18. MIDDLE TIER
Type of Government:
•Presidential Republic and Theocracy in Iran
•Military Regime since May, 2014 in Thailand
•Communist Party as government in China
•Constitutional monarchy in Jordan
•12others: Republic (Presidential or Parliamentary)

19. MIDDLE TIER
Corruption
•Average CPI: 32
•114thposition out of 176
•Worst position: Syriaand Uzbekistan(CPI of 17)
Global Average CPI: 43

20. MIDDLE TIER
Freedom of the Press
•There is no country that is “FREE”
•Average: 70
•Philippines, Indonesia, Maldives, Mongoliaand Georgiaare “PARTLY FREE”
•11 others are “NOT FREE”
•Worst performance: Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Syriaand Iran
Global Average: 48 (Partly Free)

21. TOP TIER
Type of Government:
•Oman, Saudi Arabia, Qatar and Brunei have absolute monarchy
•Malaysia, Kuwait, Bahrain, UAE, Japan have constitutionalmonarchy
•No SingleParty Republic

22. TOP TIER
Corruption
•Average CPI: 53
•49thposition out of 176
•Highest: Singapore(CPI is 83) is 5thin the world
Global Average CPI: 43

23. TOP TIER
Freedom of the Press
•Only one “FREE” country is Japan
•Average: 61
•SouthKorea, Israel, Kuwaitand Lebanonare “PARTLY FREE”
•11 others are “NOT FREE”
•Worst performance: Bahrainand Kazakhstan
Global Average: 48 (Partly Free)

24. ASIAPSTLECONOMICAL

25. FACTORSconsidered
1.GDP Growth Rate
•Source: World Bank 2013
2.Per Capita GDP
•Source: World Bank 2013
3.Inflation Rate
•Source: Trading Economics 2014
4.Unemployment Rate
•Source: World Bank 2012

26. BOTTOM TIER
GDP Growth Rate:
•Average GDP Growth rate 2011 to 2013 is 5.9%
•Constant GDP over these years: Bangladesh (6.5%), Laos (8.1%), Cambodia (7.3%)
•Decreasing growth rates: Iraq, Timor
•-15.1% in Yemen in 2011 due to reduction in oil production
•-0.1% in Kyrgyzstan in 2012 due to reduction in gold production

27. BOTTOM TIER
Per Capita GDP
•Average Per Capita GDP: $1,705
•Lowest Nepal, Afghanistan, Bangladesh
•But among these 3Bangladesh is the best off
•That of Nepal and Afghanistan decreasedin 2013
Global Average: $10,513

28. BOTTOM TIER
Inflation Rate:
•Average inflation rate: 5.88%
•Lowest in Timor (0%)
•Highest in Nepal and Bhutan (9.45%)
•Bangladesh: 6.91%
Global Average: 3.91%

29. BOTTOM TIER
Unemployment Rate:
•Average unemployment rate: 6.13%
•Double digits: Yemen, Tajikistan, Iraq
•Reason for Yemen: Undergoing consequences of revolution in 2011
•Bangladesh: 4.5% (very good)
Global Average: 8.4%

30. MIDDLE TIER
GDP Growth Rate:
•Average GDP Growth rate 2011 to 2013 is 6.3% (highest among all tiers)
•Constant GDP over these years: Uzbekistan (8.2%), Indonesia (6.2%), Jordan (7.3%)
•Most number of double digit growths: Mongolia, Turkmenistan; but their rates declining
•Reason for Mongolia: their Coal export is declining

31. MIDDLE TIER
Per Capita GDP
•Average Per Capita GDP: $4,675
•Increased from Bottom Tier
•None of them are below 3digits
•Lowest is in Uzbekistan: $1,878
Global Average: $10,513

32. MIDDLE TIER
Inflation Rate:
•Average inflation rate: 4.74%
•Lowest in Armenia (0.8%)
•Double digit inflations: Iran, Syria, Mongolia
•Reason for Iran: Multi tier exchange rate system
Global Average: 3.91%

33. MIDDLE TIER
Unemployment Rate:
•Average unemployment rate: 9.99% (highest amongst the tiers)
•Highest in Palestine (23%) and Armenia (18.5%)
•Reason for Armenia: Very high wealth gap
Global Average: 8.4%

34. TOP TIER
GDP Growth Rate:
•Average GDP Growth rate 2011 to 2013 is 3.9%(lowest among all tiers)
•Biggest reductions: Qatar and Saudi Arabia (oil dependency)
•Example of increasingGDP growth rate: Bahrain (due to a very strong financial industry)

35. TOP TIER
Per Capita GDP
•Average Per Capita GDP: $31,997
•Highest: Qatar $93,352 (number 1 in the world, expected to double by 2025, due to low cost of gas production and the FIFA world cup)
•Second highest: Singapore $55,182 (number 3 in the world)
Global Average: $10,513

36. TOP TIER
Inflation Rate:
•Average inflation rate: 2.96%
•Lowest in Brunei (-0.3%)
•Highest in Russia 9.54% (most recent reason: ban on Western food import)
Global Average: 3.91%

37. TOP TIER
Unemployment Rate:
•Average unemployment rate: 5.4% (lowest among tiers)
•No country with double digit unemployment rate
•Lowest unemployment in Qatar (0.6%)
•Reason for Qatar: Runs on expatriates (94% of working population expatriates as of 2012)
Global Average: 8.4%

38. ASIAPETLEOCIAL

39. •Population under poverty Line
•Rural Population with Water Access
•Urban Population with Water Access
•Urban Population with Sanitation Access
•Ratio of Female to Male Primary Enrollment
•Ratio of Female to Male Secondary Enrollment
•Ratio of Female to Male Tertiary Enrollment
•Life Expectancy at Birth in years
INDICATORS CONSIDERED

40. •Average population under the poverty line: 28%
•Bhutan, Pakistan, & Vietnam: 12%, 12.4% & 17.2%
•Timor-Leste, Tajikistan, & Afghanistan: 49.9%, 47.2%, % 35.8%
BOTTOM TIER

41. •Average rural population with water access: 75.6%
•Bhutan, Vietnam, & India: 97%, 94%, and 91%
•Yemen, Afghanistan, Timor-Leste: 47%, 56%, 61%
•Bangladesh: 84%
BOTTOM TIER

42. •Average Water Access to Urban Population: 91.5%
•Bhutan, Vietnam and Kyrgyzstan: near 100%
•Yemen, Bangladesh, Afghanistan: 72%, 85%, 89%
•All countries are faring well
BOTTOM TIER

43. •Average Urban Access to Sanitation: 75%
•Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Nepal: 46%, 55%, 51%
•Tajikistan, Vietnam, Yemen: 93%, 93%, 92%
BOTTOM TIER

44. •Average ratio of female to male in Primary Enrollment: 95%
•All countries are above or near Tier Average
•Except Afghanistan and Yemen with 71%and 82%
BOTTOM TIER

45. •Average ratio of female to male in secondary enrollment: 90%
•Pakistan, Laos, Yemen, Afghanistan are far behind with 73%, 87%, 65%, and 55%respectively.
•Bangladesh has the highest enrollment at 113%in the first tier
BOTTOM TIER

46. •Average ratio Female to Male in tertiary enrollment: 76.9%
•Exceptional performance: Kyrgyzstan, Myanmar, and Vietnam with 124%, 134%, and 101% respectively.
•Afghanistan and Yemen are still falling behind
BOTTOM TIER

47. •Average Life Expectancy in the Tier is 67years
•Afghanistan and Yemen behind with 61and 63years
•Bangladesh above average: 70years
BOTTOM TIER

48. •Average population under the poverty line: 17.7%
•Syria and Armenia having the highest with 35.2%and 32.4%
MIDDLE TIER

49. •Average water access to rural population: 84.6%
•Turkmenistan, Mongolia, and Azerbaijan with 54%, 61%, and 71% are falling behind
MIDDLE TIER

50. •Average Urban population with water access: 95.4%
•Except for Turkmenistan with 89%all the countries are near the average
MIDDLE TIER

51. •Average Sanitation Access for urban population: 87.8%
•Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan at 100%
•Mongolia, Indonesia, and China falling behind with 65%, 71%, and 74%
MIDDLE TIER

52. •Average ratio of female to male in Primary Enrollment: 98%
•Lacking of a few country data
•All countries lie near the average
MIDDLE TIER

53. •Average for secondary enrollment: 101%
•Armenia at a staggering 120%
MIDDLE TIER

54. •Tertiary enrollment ratio of female to male in average: 116%
•Sri Lanka in the lead with 165%and Armenia at 157%
•Uzbekistan falling behind with 64%
MIDDLE TIER

55. •Average Life Expectancy: 72years
•Turkmenistan lacking behind with 65years
•All other countries are around the average.
MIDDLE TIER

56. •Most countries can be said to have no population below the poverty line
•Average at 0.93%
•Lebanon with the highest at 28.6%
TOP TIER

57. •Rural Population with water access in average: 96.8%
•While Kazakhstan has the lowest at 86%
•Bahrain, Israel, Japan, Lebanon, Qatar, Cyprus, and UAE stands at 100%
TOP TIER

58. •Urban Population with Water Access in Average: 99%
•All countries are near the 100%in this indicator
TOP TIER

59. •Urban Population with access to sanitation in average: 96.4%
•Russian and S. Korea are lacking behind with 74%and 87%
TOP TIER

60. •Ratio of female to male in primary enrollment is 99%
•Lebanon only at 91%
TOP TIER

61. •Average in secondary enrollment: 98.6% with Turkey lacking behind with 94%
TOP TIER

62. •Tertiary enrollment in average: 171% with Qatar taking the lead at 676%
•Turkey lacking behind with 85%
TOP TIER

63. •Average life expectancy: 76years
•All countries near the average
TOP TIER

64. •Maximum Poverty Population in Asia is 50%
•In Timor-Leste
•Due to the country obtaining freedom only recently in 2002 from Indonesia
•Lowest Poverty Population in Asia is 1.7% in Malaysia
TIER COMPARISON

65. •Yemen has the lowest in terms of Rural Population with Water Access at 47% in Asia
•Due to the War the infrastructure to Yemen was horribly hit.
TIER COMPARISON

66. •In terms of Urban Population with Water Access, Asia as a whole enjoys an average of 90% accessibility.
•Only Yemen and Laos are falling behind.
•While Yemen’s fall in infrastructure is caused by the war.
TIER COMPARISON

67. •In terms of Urban Sanitation, Tier 1 and Tier 2 are performing very poorly with only 81%
•Only Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan have 100% in the two Tiers.
TIER COMPARISON

68. •Gender Equality in terms of Primary Enrollment is quite high in Asia as a whole
•Only Afghanistan lacking behind with 71%
•Bangladesh has the second highest female to male ratio in secondary enrollment in Asia. Armenia is in the lead
•Tier 1 countries are only ones lacking behind in gender equality in tertiary education.
TIER COMPARISON

69. •Life Expectancy has an average of 72years.
•None of the Tiers experience a life expectancy over 80years in average
•Only a few Tier 3 countries experience Life Expectancy over 80.
TIER COMPARISON

70. ASIAPESLEECHNOLOGICAL

71. Country
HDI
Access to Electricity (% of the population)
Internet Users (per 100 people)
Roads Paved
Afghanistan
0.468
30.0%
5.9
36% (2010)
Bangladesh
0.558
59%
6.5
-
Bhutan
0.584
-
29.9
34.2% (2010)
Cambodia
0.584
34%
6
-
India
0.586
75%
15.1
53.8% (2010)
Iraq
0.642
98%
9.2
-
Kyrgyzstan
0.628
-
23.4
-
Lao PDR
0.569
78%
12.5
-
Myanmar
0.524
48%
1.2
48%
Nepal
0.54
76%
13.3
-
Pakistan
0.537
68%
10.9
72.6% (2010)
Tajikistan
0.607
-
16
-
BOTTOM TIER

72. ACCESS TO ELECTRICITY
Highest 3 Access to Electricity
Iraq
98% (2011)
Vietnam
96%
Lao PDR
78%
Lowest 3 Access to Electricity
Afghanistan
30.0%
Cambodia
34%
Timor
38%

73. INTERNET USERS
Highest Internet User
Vietnam
43.9
Bhutan
29.9
Kyrgyzstan
23.4

74. MIDDLE TIER
Armenia
0.73
-
46.3
-
Azerbaijan
0.747
-
58.7
55.6
China
0.719
99.00%
45.8
63.7
Georgia
0.744
-
43.1
-
Indonesia
0.684
72.00%
15.8
57
Iran
0.749
98.00%
31.4
74.3
Jordan
0.745
99.00%
44.2
100
Maldives
0.698
-
44.1
-
Mongolia
0.698
88.00%
17.7
-
Palestine
0.686
46.6
100
Philippines
0.66
70.00%
37
-
Sri Lanka
0.75
85.00%
21.9
-
Syria
0.658
92.00%
26.2
64.9 (2010)
Thailand
0.722
99.00%
28.9
-

75. ACCESS TO ELECTRICITY
Highest 3 Access to Electricity
China
99%
Jordan
99%
Thailand
99%
Lowest 3 Access to Electricity
Phillipinnes
70%
Indonesia
72%
Sri Lanka
85%

76. INTERNET USERS
Highest Internet User
Azerbaijan
58.7
Palestine
46.6
Armenia
46.3

77. TOP TIER
Bahrain
0.815
99.00%
90
83.7
Brunei Darussalam
0.852
99.00%
64.5
82.3
Israel
0.888
99.00%
70.8
100
Japan
0.89
-
86.3
-
Kazakhstan
0.754
-
54
88.7
Kuwait
0.814
100.00%
75.5
-
Lebanon
0.765
99.00%
70.5
-
Malaysia
0.773
99.00%
67
80.9
Oman
0.783
98.00%
66.5
49.3
Qatar
0.851
99.00%
85.3
-
Republic of Cyprus
0.845
65.5
65.8
Russia
0.778
-
61.4
-
Saudi Arabia
0.836
99.00%
60.5
-
Singapore
0.901
100.00%
73
100

78. ACCESS TO ELECTRICITY
Highest 3 Access to Electricity
Singapore
100%
UAE
100%
Kuwait
100%

79. INTERNET USERS
Highest Internet User
Bahrain
90
Japan
86.3
Qatar
85.3

80. ASIAPESTEEGAL

81. Employment overview
AfghanistanNo limit0.0About 8 hours - 40 hours a week on 6.0BangladeshNo limit119.68 or 9 hours - According to Section 6.0Brunei DarussalamNo limit0.08 hours (Sect. 65 Employment Order, 6.0Cambodia2443.08 hours6.0ChinaNo limit242.48 hours6.0Hong Kong, ChinaNo limit782.88 hours6.0IndiaNo limit52.49 hours6.0Indonesia36232.08 hours for 5 workdays/week or 7 hours 6.0Iran, Islamic Rep.No limit400.18 hours6.0IraqNo limit92.38 hours - Art. 55, Labor Code6.0

82. Asian TAX
•Low tax revenues: lowest tax burdens in the world
•Tax composition: higher share of indirect taxes-Small tax base-Inefficiency of tax collection-High tax evasion-Large informal sector
•Weak personal income tax/property tax
•Limited social security contributions
•Inefficient tax system and administration

83. Asian TAX systems

84. Economy
Ease of Doing Business Rank
Filtered Rank
Starting a Business
Dealing with Construction Permits
Getting Electricity
Registering Property
Getting Credit
Protecting Investors
Paying Taxes
Singapore
1
1
1
2
2
3
2
1
2
Hong Kong SAR, China
2
2
2
1
1
14
2
2
1
Malaysia
6
3
3
8
5
6
1
3
7
Taiwan, China
16
4
4
3
3
5
11
6
10
Thailand
18
5
11
4
4
4
11
4
12
Tonga
57
6
7
7
8
20
6
16
8
Brunei Darussalam
59
7
17
10
7
17
6
16
4
Samoa
61
8
6
13
10
7
20
6
15
Fiji
62
9
18
14
14
10
6
8
16
Vanuatu
74
10
15
11
19
16
6
13
5
Mongolia
76
11
5
19
25
2
6
5
13
China
96
12
21
25
16
8
11
15
22
Solomon Islands
97
13
9
15
20
22
14
8
5
Vietnam
99
14
14
5
23
9
4
20
25
Palau
100
15
16
9
13
1
14
22
14
Philippines
108
16
22
18
9
19
14
19
23
Papua New Guinea
113
17
12
24
6
13
14
12
20
Marshall Islands
114
18
8
6
12
23
14
20
18
Indonesia
120
19
23
16
17
15
14
8
24
Kiribati
122
20
20
21
24
11
23
8
3
Cambodia
137
21
24
23
21
18
4
13
11
Micronesia, Fed. Sts.
156
22
13
12
15
23
20
22
17
Lao PDR
159
23
10
17
22
12
22
25
21
Timor-Leste
172
24
19
20
11
23
23
16
9
Myanmar
182
25
25
22
18
21
25
24
19
East Asia & pacific

85. Middle east & north Africa
Economy
Ease of Doing Business Rank
Filtered Rank
Starting a Business
Dealing with Construction Permits
Getting Electricity
Registering Property
Getting Credit
United Arab Emirates
23
1
1
2
1
1
2
Saudi Arabia
26
2
6
3
2
2
1
Bahrain
46
3
7
1
7
4
9
Oman
47
4
5
6
9
3
2
Qatar
48
5
9
5
3
5
9
Tunisia
51
6
4
10
8
7
6
Morocco
87
7
2
7
14
17
6
Malta
103
8
17
16
16
8
16
Kuwait
104
9
16
12
10
10
9
Lebanon
111
10
12
18
6
14
6
Jordan
119
11
11
9
5
11
14
Egypt, Arab Rep.
128
12
3
14
15
12
2
Yemen, Rep.
133
13
10
8
17
6
14
West Bank and Gaza
138
14
15
11
13
15
13
Iraq
151
15
19
4
4
13
16
Iran, Islamic Rep.
152
16
8
17
20
18
2
Algeria
153
17
18
13
19
19
9
Djibouti
160
18
13
15
18
16
16
Syrian Arab Republic
165
19
14
19
12
9
16
Libya
187
20
20
19
11
20
20

86. South Asia
Economy
Ease of Doing Business Rank
Filtered Rank
Starting a Business
Dealing with Construction Permits
Getting Electricity
Registering Property
Getting Credit
Protecting Investors
Paying Taxes
Trading Sri Lanka
85
1
2
4
1
5
3
4
8
Maldives
95
2
3
1
6
6
6
5
4
Nepal
105
3
6
3
3
1
2
5
5
Pakistan
110
4
7
5
7
4
3
2
7
Bangladesh
130
5
4
2
8
8
5
1
2
India
134
6
8
8
5
3
1
2
6
Bhutan
141
7
5
6
1
2
6
7
3
Afghanistan
164
8
1
7
4
7
8
8
1

87. Paying taxes
economyName
Rank
Payments (number per year)
Time (hours per year)
Profit tax (%)
Labor tax and contributions (%)
Other taxes (%)
Total tax rate (% profit)
East Asia & Pacific
..
25
208
16.4
10.7
7.4
34.5
Europe & Central Asia
..
26
246
9
22.6
7
38.7
Latin America & Caribbean
..
30
369
20.5
14.7
12.1
47.3
Middle East & North Africa
..
18
220
12.4
16.3
3.6
32.3
OECD high income
..
12
175
16.1
23.1
2
41.3
South Asia
..
33
328
16.8
9
14.8
40.6
Sub-Saharan Africa
..
38
314
18.4
13.7
21.3
53.3

88. ASIAPESTLNVIRONMENTAL

89. BOTTOM TIER
TIER 1 (HDI < 0.65) Countries Access to Electricity Forest Area (sq.km) Agro Land Average Rainfall (mm/yr) Afghanistan 30.0 % 13,500 58. 1% 327 Yemen 39.9 % 5,490 44.4 % 167 Myanmar 48.8 % 314,634 19.2 % 2681 Pakistan 68.6 % 16,440 34.4 % 255 Nepal 76.3 % 36,360 29.7 % 1500 Bangladesh 59.6 % 14,394 70.1 % 2,666 Lao PDR 78.0 % 156,728 10.3 % 1,834 Bhutan 32,598 13.5 % 2,200 Cambodia 34.0 % 99,666 32.0 % 1,904 India 75.3 % 685,790 60.5 % 1,083 Tajikistan 4,100 34.7 % 691 Timor 38.0 % 7,308 24.2 % 1,500 Kyrgyzstan 9,707 55.3 % 533 Vietnam 96.1 % 139,410 35.0 % 1821 Iraq 98.0 % 8,250 18.9 % 216

90. MIDDLE TIER
Countries Access to Electricity Forest Area (sq.km) Agro Land (% of total) Average Rainfall (mm/yr) Syria 92.8 % 4970 75.5 252 Philippines 70.2 % 77,198 40.6 2348 Uzbekistan 32,716 62.7 206 Indonesia 72.9 % 937,470 30.1 2702 Palestine 91.7 43.3 402 Maldives 9.0 23.3 1972 Mongolia 88.2 % 108,160 73.1 241 Turkmenistan 41,270 69.5 161 China 99.8 % 2,096,239 55.7 645 Thailand 99.0 % 189,868 41.2 1622 Armenia 2578 60.1 562 Georgia 27,397 35.5 1026 Jordan 99.4 % 975 11.3 111 Azerbaijan 96.1 % 9,360 57.7 447 Iran 98.3 % 110,750 30.1 228 Sri Lanka 85.4 % 18,454 41.8 1,712

91. TOP TIER
Countries Access to Electricity Forest Area (sq.km) Agro Land (% of total) Average Rainfall (mm/yr) Kazakhstan 33,034 77.5 250 Turkey 114,528 49.7 593 Lebanon 99.9 1369.8 62.4 661 Malaysia 99.5 203,692 24.0 2,875 Russia 8,091,500 13.1 460 Oman 98.0 20 5.7 125 Kuwait 100.0 63.9 8.5 121 Bahrain 99.4 5.4 11 83 UAE 100.0 3,183 4.8 78 Saudi Arabia 99.0 9,770 80.6 59 Republic of Cyprus 1732 12.8 498 Qatar 99.6 0.0 5.7 74 Brunei Darussalam 99.7 3782 2.2 2,722 Israel 99.7 1538 24.1 435 Japan 249,878 12.5 1668 South Korea 62,154 18.1 1054 Singapore 100.0 23 1.0 2,497

92. GENERIC EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTALCHANGE
•Agriculture: Changes in seasonal rainfall patterns, rising temperatures and increasing water stress will pose a risk of declining yields and farm revenues
•Fisheries: A general decline in fishery production is expected.
•Human health: Increased rains, frequent floods and sea level rise will lead to more water-borne infectious diseases, diarrhea and malnutrition.
•Biodiversity and ecosystems: Changes have been observed that could produce greater risks in terms of water supply, food security, and impacts from natural disasters.
•Heavily populated mega-deltas: These areas are at greater risk from flooding every year due to sea level rise and flooding from rivers.

94. 01
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95. •RISKS TO CORE BUSINESS FUNCTIONS:
damage to physical structures and assets such as production facilities or buildings.
increase cost of operations
impact quality of product or service
•RISKS TO THE VALUE CHAIN:
Availability of production inputs
Changing consumer demands
Availability and quality of natural resources such as water, utilities, logistics networks, health and safety of human resource
•RISKS TO LOCAL CIMMUNITIES
Affect the livelihood of local communities
Directly impacts corporate community investment programs
•RISKS FROM ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL CHANGES
Risks of humanitarian crisis, conflicts and instability
Refugees might migrate, increased competition for resources, rise in ethnic tensions
BUSINESS RISKS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE

96. BUSINESSES DEPENDENT ON WEATHER
SENSITIVE RESOURCES
Agriculture, forestry, agro-forestry, fishing, aquaculture, and tourism sectors in South and Southeast Asia
BUSINESSES THAT MAKE LONG TERM INVESTMENTS AND OPERATE LONG LIFE ASSETS
BUSINESSES WITH EXTENDED SUPPLY CHAINS
BUSINESSES THAT ARE GLOBAL IN NATURE
MICRO, SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES
These include utilities such as energy or
transport, industrial facilities, and ports with a long operational life
Businesses that rely heavily on logistics and supply networks. Lean manufacturing based on JIT delivery and single source supply chain management are risk prone
Global supply chains are easily disrupted by problems in any one link in the chain. Off-shore production likely to suffer
The impact of a natural hazard can put these types of enterprises out of business
TYPES OF BUSINESSES LIKELY TO BE AFFECTED BY CLIMATE CHANGES

97. LOGISTICS
PHYSICAL ASSETS
Weather changes can disrupt logistics, including transport arrangements, supply chains, utilities, inventories etc.
Retail industry: disruptions in the supply chain and distribution network
Logistics companies: failure to meet contracts for delivery; loss of cargo
Physical assets, factory premises at risk from environmental anomalies. Buildings may be corroded, floods might short electric lines
Tannery Clusters in Dhaka: Neighborhoods prone to acid rain.
Real Estate and Construction: Design criteria may be subject to change; cannot rely on historical data
RISKS TO BUSINESSES IN SPECIFIC AREAS OF OPERATION

98. EFFICIENCY OF OPERATIONS
COMPETITION OVER RESOURCES
REPUTATIONAL RISKS
Some industrial processes and business
activities are temperature or climate sensitive and some require constant cooling. Increased cost due to investment in new technology or damage control
Climate change will act as another stressor in regions already experiencing water stress; put pressure on water resources.
Competition may lead to conflict, disapproval from local communities especially if water is diverted away from local houses and farmers.
Conflicts over protection of assets. For example, if businesses forcefully acquire resources. Example: Tata Nano-Singur Controversy
Food industry:increased need for cooling for food preparation and storage
ICT: increased need for cooling in data centers
Manufacturing: increased need for cooling in process environment.
Electric utilities: greater uncertainty over water supply for cooling power plants
Food and beverage: access to key resources, water, and other natural resources
This is a particular risk factor in countries vulnerable to climate change, with large parts of the population depending on
climate-sensitive resources.

99. FINANCIAL DRIVERS
INCREASED INSURANCE COSTS
Operational costs and business continuity costs can increase. Institutional investors and banks are increasingly concerned about climate change
Electric utilities, properties, mining and
extractive industries, agriculture, and forestry
Insurance might no longer be available for certain assets in vulnerable areas. Premiums may increase.
All sectors that will not be able to insure weather- related damages as they become uninsurable; small insurance companies more likely to be affected
WORKFORCE
Extreme weather events and changes in the distribution of vector-borne diseases can lead
to more lost days. Health and safety risks may increase where business operations are prone to extreme
weather events.
Sectors that have outdoor field work e.g. construction, geological research, scientific expeditions, rural development projects in Africa and other regions

100. “Costs of Climate Change and Adaptation in South Asia”
ADB, 2014
“Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, the Maldives, Nepal, and Sri Lanka -will see an average economic loss of around 1.8 percent of their collective annual gross domestic product (GDP) by 2050, rising sharply to 8.8 percent by 2100 if the world continues on its current fossil fuel-intensive path.”
“The Maldives would be the worst affected, and could be losing 12.6 percent of its economy annually by 2100. Average annual economic losses could amount to up to 9.4 percent in Bangladesh by 2100.”
“The losses in Nepal could rise to 9.9 percent -largely because of melting glaciers –while they could total 8.7 percent in India, 6.6 percent in Bhutan, and 6.5 percent in Sri Lanka”
“The East Asian economy would lose 5.3 percent; the Southeast Asian economy would lose 6.7 percent, and the Pacific 12.7 percent”

101. TAKE AWAYS
SINGLE PARTY REPUBLIC COUNTRIES
PER CAPITA GDP
SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT DISTRIBUTION
CORE BUSINESS FUNCTIONS, VALUE CHAIN, LOCAL COMMUNITIES

102. SINGLE PARTY REPUBLIC COUNTRIES
PER CAPITA GDP
SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT DISTRIBUTION
CORE BUSINESS FUNCTIONS, VALUE CHAIN, LOCAL COMMUNITIES
TAKE AWAYS

103. PER CAPITA GDP
SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT DISTRIBUTION
CORE BUSINESS FUNCTIONS, VALUE CHAIN, LOCAL COMMUNITIES
SINGLE PARTY REPUBLIC COUNTRIES
TAKE AWAYS

104. SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT DISTRIBUTION
CORE BUSINESS FUNCTIONS, VALUE CHAIN, LOCAL COMMUNITIES
PER CAPITA GDP
SINGLE PARTY REPUBLIC COUNTRIES
TAKE AWAYS

105. CORE BUSINESS FUNCTIONS, VALUE CHAIN, LOCAL COMMUNITIES
SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT DISTRIBUTION
PER CAPITA GDP
SINGLE PARTY REPUBLIC COUNTRIES
TAKE AWAYS

106. ASIATHANK YOUFOR YOUR PATIENCE AND TIME