A technical description of http2, including background of HTTP what's been problematic with it and how http2 and its features improves the web.
See the "http2 explained" document with the complete transcript and more: http://daniel.haxx.se/http2/
(Updated version to slides shown on April 13th, 2016)
4. Internet TodayInternet Today
HTTP forHTTP for everythingeverything
The web hasThe web has changedchanged
significantlysignificantly since the 90ssince the 90s
5. Request and payload growth
in the last 4 years...
8080
100100
800K800K
2300K2300K
the average website loads 50+ resources on a
single domain
9. Speed of light
The world is still big
+ slower through fiber
+ never the shortest distance
+ buffer (bloat)
+ radio networks =
Several hundred milliseconds
17. HTTP history lesson
1996: HTTP/1.0 RFC 1945
1997: HTTP/1.1 RFC 2068
1999: HTTP/1.1 RFC 2616
2007: HTTPbis started to refresh HTTP/1.1
2009: Google announced SPDY
2011: Chrome and all Google services run SPDY
2012: HTTP/2 work began, based on SPDY
2014: HTTP/1.1 updated, RFC 7230 series
2015: ...
39. HTTP/2 in Browsers – April 2016
Browsers only over HTTPS
Firefox: 23% HTTP/2
35% of HTTPS is HTTP/2
HTTP/2 in 85% of browsers in Sweden
Chrome will remove support for SPDY
in May 2016
40. HTTP/2 for content – April 2016
7% of top 10 million
9% of top 1 million
19% of top 500
>50% for most sites
Akamai went “live” late March 2016
Googlebot groks HTTP/2 ”early 2016”
Amazon Cloudfront “this year”
Jul 15 Jan 16 Apr 16Jan 16
42. Poking at it
HTTP/2 and SPDY indicator
Apache, NGINX,
H2O, ATS, Caddy, Litespeed
nghttp2
curl
wireshark
h2i
43. Challenges for you
h2 is straight-forward, but ...
HTTPS is not
OpenSSL / other TLS-lib versions and ALPN
Mixed content
Certificates
44. HTTP/2 – what to expect for your site
It depends
20% - 60% faster is common
Server push makes a difference
Remember: HTTPS
Shorten dependency chains!
46. Improving what we have
h2 server push improvements
h2 client certs?
(slightly) improved cookies
TCP tuning for HTTP
More HTTPS
Better h2 tools, more h2
comparisons
48. QUIC and the OSI model crash
TCP, TLS and HTTP/2 over UDP in userspace
no TCP head of line blocking
other congestion control
move across interfaces
forward error correction
“TCP improvements” - much faster
49. Final recapFinal recap
binary + multiplexedbinary + multiplexed
primarily over TLSprimarily over TLS
users won't see a “2”users won't see a “2”
deploy!deploy!
52. Credits
HTTP and TCP trend numbers from
http://httparchive.org
RTT / page load data from Mike Belshe
Front and HTTP future images by Simon
Stålenhag
HTTP/2 lego frame image by Mark Nottingham
HTTP/2 usage numbers by Mozilla Telemetry
Lego pieces borrowed from my kids
53. License
This presentation and its contents are licensed
under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0
license:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/