Big era 2

Human Beings Almost Everywhere 200,000 – 10,000 BCE Big Era Two

Remember Big Era One? Imagine that your friend got stuck at the beginning of Big Era One, but you’ve made it to the end! You feel sorry for her, because you got to see so much. Write her a LETTER telling her what happened in Big Era One. First, can you remember what happened in Big Era One?

What happened in Big Era One? Big Bang! ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

What else happened in Big Era One? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

When did we appear? Big Era Two is the first era in which there were human beings, people like you and me (ME?) (Remember, they appeared at the end of Big Era One!) So, what IS so special about humans?

How, when, and where did we become human? ,[object Object],[object Object],This is a reconstructed Homo erectus skull, found in northern China. It dates to some time after 1.6 million years ago. Homo erectus 1.8 mil. yrs ago 27k 250k yrs ago Today Big Eras 3-9 10k Brain Development 500k – 200k yrs ago Big Era 1 Big Era 2

Homo erectus was a traveler! Homo erectus began migrating to southerly parts of Eurasia sometime after about 1.8 million years ago. Homo erectus 200k yrs ago Today Big Eras 3-9 10k 1.8 mil. yrs ago 27k Big Era 1 Big Era 2

Homo sapiens (that’s us!) evolved from Homo erectus ,[object Object],[object Object],This is a reconstructed Homo sapiens skull, found in Israel. It has been dated to about 90,000 years ago. Today Big Eras 3-9 10k years ago Big Era 2 Big Era 1 200k yrs ago Human Origins: Homo sapiens in Africa 100k yrs ago S.W. Asia 200k yrs ago Human Origins: Homo sapiens in Africa

Homo sapiens traveled even further than Homo erectus . From their African homeland, Homo sapiens groups migrated to… … Where? See the Map!

Migrations of Homo sapiens Possible coastal routes of human migration Possible landward routes of human migration Migrations in Oceania Human Origins 200,000-250,000 years ago Southwest Asia 100,000 years ago Europe 40,000 years ago Siberia 40,000 years ago Australia as many as 60,000 years ago North America 12,000-30,000 years ago Oceania 1600 B.C.E.-500 C.E. Chile 12,000-13 ,000 years ago

That’s amazing! Why were modern humans able to move into so many different environments? After all, no other large animals had spread so widely! So what was so special about us? 40k yrs ago Europe & Siberia 60k yrs ago Australia 100k yrs ago S.W. Asia 40k yrs ago Europe & Siberia 60k yrs ago Australia 100k yrs ago S.W. Asia 13k yrs ago Americas 200k yrs ago Human Origins Today Big Eras 3-9 10k years ago Big Era 2 Big Era 1

Language! ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Language Shared Ideas New Ideas Learning

Language made collective learning possible. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],It is what human history is about! It is what makes us special!

[object Object],Monte Alban, Oaxaca, Mexico, 200 BCE Great Zimbabwe, Southern Africa, 1300-1500 CE Towers, Kuwait City, Today

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],How did collective learning change human culture? ,[object Object],[object Object],For example, Blombos Cave

Remains discovered at Blombos Cave are one example of the more complex culture some humans were developing as many as 90,000 years ago. View looking out of Blombos Cave to the Indian Ocean Bone points from the cave Ochre piece with scrape marks. A person may have scraped the ochre to get powder to use to make body paint. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],The engraved horse panel in the Cave of Chauvet-Pont-D’Arc in southern France. The image is about 31,000 years old. Venus of the Kostenki I site in Russia dated to about 23,000 years ago. This stone female head is wearing headgear of woven basketry. Acceleration!

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Were other surviving hominids changing in the same way as Homo sapiens?

Did Homo sapiens meet Neandertals? Approximate geographical range of Neandertals, 100,000-28,000 years ago Approximate geographical range of Homo sapiens by 28,000 years ago

[object Object],[object Object],Range of last surviving Homo erectus Did Homo Sapiens meet Homo Erectus ?

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],What do you think might have happened when Homo sapiens met Neandertals or Homo erectus ?

Homo sapiens and other species ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Before you answer that question, let’s review …

So what do you think is so special about Homo sapiens ? What does it mean to be human? Why does human history matter? Stay tuned for Big Era Three!

Big era 2

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