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Bishop (Dr) Peter Kekere
6th
June 2014
Social And Ecomomic Impacts
on African Refugees Family in
Australia
2 Social and Economic Impacts on African Refugees Family in Australia- Bishop (Dr) Peter Kekere-2014
Title Page
Social and Economic Impacts on African Refugees Family in Australia
Bishop (Dr) Peter Kekere
Christ Apostolic Church Praise Centre Inc
Bankstown
6th
June 2014
3 Social and Economic Impacts on African Refugees Family in Australia- Bishop (Dr) Peter Kekere-2014
About The Author
Bishop (Dr) Peter Kekere is the current General Overseer and Senior Pastor of Christ Apostolic Church
Praise Centre Inc, Australia, He is a Religious, Political, Social Justice, Human Rights and Community
development analyst. Dr. Peter Kekere holds Diploma in Business Management, BA (Hons) Religious
Education, Bachelor of Theology, Bachelor of Community Welfare, MA Social Science, PhD. He was
conferred with an honorary degree of Doctor of Letters, and Doctor of Divinity (honoris causa).
Bishop (Dr) Peter Kekere is the Director of Christ Apostolic Community Care, President of Multicultural
Gospel Band (MGB), Director of All Nations International ( Consultant) Company Inc (ANC). He is a
Social worker, Community worker, Business Consultant, Humanitarian Aid worker, Social Researcher,
Human Rights Activist, and Development worker. He is the President of the Ivorian Community Australia
(ICA), member of the Australian Institute of International Affair (AIIA), member of the Australian
Community Workers Association (ACWA), member of African Professional Australia (APA), associate
member of the Nigerian Association of New South Wales (NANSW)
Acknowledgements
I would like to thank my family for offering me the chance of completing this report and the never ending
support they have provided. Also, I would like to thank all my friends for the encouragement and help they
have given me at all times. Without you, this research would not have been possible. I am thankful for
granting me this opportunity. I greatly appreciate the permission, cooperation, and support of the
individuals, and community organization in which this research was conducted.
I have taken efforts in this article written. However, it would not have been possible without the kind
support and help of many individuals. I would like to extend my sincere thanks to all of them. I take this
opportunity to express my profound gratitude and deep regards to my guide, colleagues, men and women
4 Social and Economic Impacts on African Refugees Family in Australia- Bishop (Dr) Peter Kekere-2014
that support me, and for their exemplary guidance, monitoring and constant encouragement throughout the
course of written this paper.
I would like to express my gratitude towards my wife, my children, my students, my church members and of
course my mates in the academic and social science field and my parents for their kind co-operation and
encouragement which help me in the completion of this paper.
My profound appreciations also go the University of Western Sydney, Bankstown College of TAFE,
Sydney Institute of TAFE and other educational institutions that assisted me and permitted me to use their
available relevant resources, materials, library and online resources and information in the course of
completing my research or for this paper. I cannot emphasize my appreciation enough.
Thank You
5 Social and Economic Impacts on African Refugees Family in Australia- Bishop (Dr) Peter Kekere-2014
Table of Contents
Abstract......................................................................................................................................6
Introduction................................................................................................................................7
Research question ..................................................................................................................7
Rationale of the Research......................................................................................................7
Research design .....................................................................................................................8
Literature Review.......................................................................................................................8
Methodology............................................................................................................................10
Introduction..........................................................................................................................10
Theoretical Perspective .......................................................................................................10
Justification of method.........................................................................................................11
Data collection.....................................................................................................................11
Data Analysis.......................................................................................................................11
Ethics....................................................................................................................................12
Results......................................................................................................................................12
Discussion................................................................................................................................13
Recommendation……………………………………………………………………………..14
Conclusion ...............................................................................................................................15
References................................................................................................................................16
6 Social and Economic Impacts on African Refugees Family in Australia- Bishop (Dr) Peter Kekere-2014
Abstract
This research is based on the social and economic impacts faced by the refugee family of Africa in
Australia, in result of the increasing issues of the struggling life of people in Australia. The struggle of
individuals in their day to day survival matters instead of investing in the skills of life; lack of satisfactory
education and expertise associated with the culture of Australia has highly impacted the family as they
struggle to easily understand the Australian tradition, new system, and people. In addition to this, they face
issues such as discrimination and racism, lack of finances, family breakdown, as well as unemployment. It
also includes poor health, drugs, alcohol, and social isolation. This report highlights the research on the
social and economic impact on the African refugee for which primary and secondary research is concluded.
7 Social and Economic Impacts on African Refugees Family in Australia- Bishop (Dr) Peter Kekere-2014
Introduction
Several decades of political and civil conflicts ongoing in African countries has lead to the growing Sub-
Sahara African migration in the many Australian regions (Fozdar and Torezani 2008). All these African
migrants have come from the Ethiopia, Sudan, Congo, Eritrea, as well as many West African regions, which
also include Sierra Leone and Liberia (Fozdar and Torezani 2008).
Intake of recent migrants is mainly highlighted towards black Africans and from the larger intake,the
majority of the migrants has come from the Sudan, this country has faced a vicious as well as devastating
civil war which went on for 21 years, which forced the large number of Sudanese to become refugees and
move into the Australian regions (Fraser 2009).
The aim of this paper is to discuss the qualitative findings related to African refugee in Australia. This report
also highlights the social and political impact over the families, what all challenges they are facing, and
certain recommendations that, could improve their life (Grossman and Sharples 2010).
Research question
Question1: What all social and political impact faced by African refugee in Australia?
Question 2: How Australian reforms are impacted by the coming of Refugee’s?
Rationale of the Research
The rationale behind conducting this research is to support in developing many ideas in the area of research
by undertaking all the required knowledge, skills, as well as research competencies related to the work that
could help in further taking this research (Lee 2007). This research is quite supportive in understanding
about the refugees, and also gives voice to the refugee’s by highlighting their problems. This research is also
supportive in enlightening the community, so that they could have the knowledge of relevant techniques for
addressing the concern of refugee’s (Healey 2003).
8 Social and Economic Impacts on African Refugees Family in Australia- Bishop (Dr) Peter Kekere-2014
Research design
In this research, qualitative method is used, in order to investigate about the various social and economic
impacts over the families of African refugees. Qualitative methods will help to engross performing intensive
interviews with the help of sample respondents, in order to know their perception about the relevant ideas as
well as circumstances (Valtonen 2004). This will permit the researcher to share their thoughts and
experience in this research. Qualitative method used in this research will also offer the efficient
environments in which relevant information could be gathered.
Literature Review
There are very less literatures based on African experiences in the Australian regions, which depicts the
discrimination in employment, as well as lack of understanding about the local work culture of the country.
This literature review has tried to acknowledge the literature progression throughout the period of around
three to five years, but in these years, the community of Africa has increased in the recent period and their
problems have also attracted the various publications to cover about various fields of study that tries to
address the challenges, which are faced by the African refugees (Spinks 2009).
Majka (2001) tries to asset the issues in context of underemployment and unemployment going among the
migrants of Africa in Australia that has resulted into the integration and personal issues. It is significant to
consider various other factors of underpinning that clearly examines the refugee’s employment
opportunities. For instance, Sheikh-Mohammed, MacIntyre, Wood, Leask and Isaacs (2006) tries to
acknowledge about the effects of the civil wars and related other factors such as, famine, dislocation, war,
isolation, and overcrowding, which holds long lasting effects over the refugee adoption and integration into
the wider society of Australia (Windle 2008).
9 Social and Economic Impacts on African Refugees Family in Australia- Bishop (Dr) Peter Kekere-2014
This analysis is appropriate and focuses towards the refugee’s previous life, when they were in refugee
camps and present social, employment, economic, along with integration problems in Australia. The
employment issues presently faced by the African refugees, holds an impact over the adjustments in the
society of Australia. Access of employment is the most important as well an effective way for all the
communities of Africa to connect with the Australian society as discussed by Colic-Peisker and Tilbury
(2005).
The issues that contribute to the lack of employment as per Colic-Peisker and Tilbury (2007), and
experienced through the previous migrant groups, for example, South Americans, Middle Eastern, and
Europeans have tried to change the way as they sued to integrate in the society of Australia. The currently
come African migrants, mainly those affected by the issue of racism in the workplace, as they are black
Africans, and this is because of their cultural backgrounds and physical appearance (Hawa and Khadija
2000). However, given by the fact that, all these ethnic communities in Australia for long periods has,
collectively, and individually acquired the knowledge, skills, and experience that, lead them towards
employment.
Jupp (1994) supports this argument through saying that all the people that came from the refugee
background are usually confronted through problems in the labor market that cannot be easily explained
along through poor skills of the English language, recentness of their arrival, as well as deficiencies in
occupational skills. Refuge also comes across problems of adjustment in the settlement, due to the direct
consequences related to traumatic events, which has forced them to migrate (Nsubuga-Kyobe and Dimock
2000). According to the document, named Refugees and the employment the European context (1993)
mention that, refugee as the group usually suffer through the inactivity, excessive unemployment, under-
employment, non-employment, as well as disguised unemployment (Stevens 2003).
10 Social and Economic Impacts on African Refugees Family in Australia- Bishop (Dr) Peter Kekere-2014
Methodology
Introduction
In this research, qualitative methods are used for investigating the social and economic impact over the
families of African refugees. Qualitative methods will help in collecting relevant data from the participants.
This research will include primary and secondary data collection method. In the primary method, an
interview will be conducted by the community and refugee service providers that provides settlement
services to African Refugees. In order to conduct this interview a staff of the refugee service provider was
approached, and also participation through online survey. The interview was conducted to know the thought
of the participants. Qualitative method is selected as it provides the efficient environment through which
data could be gathered without any problem (Cynthiawoodsong, Macqueen, Guest and Namey 2005).
Theoretical Perspective
This research will try to include communicative theory of planning, which is a theoretical concept, which
focuses over the political communities, public organizations, as well as individual groups within the society
exchange and try to discuss their thoughts, which support them in reaching to the logical solution
(Cynthiawoodsong, Macqueen, Guest and Namey 2005). This theory will be used in the research, as a
communicative act permits to examine the uncertainty between the selected populations. Sequentially, this
study will also help in drawing the Habermas’s communicative theory of action, which tries to engage with
the population study within the discussions on the personal experiences as well as challenging conditions,
which they face and which impact their life (Cynthiawoodsong, Macqueen, Guest and Namey 2005).
11 Social and Economic Impacts on African Refugees Family in Australia- Bishop (Dr) Peter Kekere-2014
Justification of method
Interview and survey method is used in this research for drawing the data about the social and economic
impact on the life of refugees, and how migrants are impacting the Australian politics and the economy. The
interview will also help in knowing the challenges faced by the migrants. This method is adopted as it can
help in deriving clear answers.
Data collection
In order to collect the data, two groups of participants were participated in this research, one is from
individual and African refugees through which their experiences and settlement challenges in Australia were
in an online survey and face to face survey. Another interview was conducted with a staff of a community
organization providing services to African refugees. (Cynthiawoodsong, Macqueen, Guest and Namey
2005).
Participants were engaged through conducting the semi-structured interview through which their thoughts
were drafted in the finding section. Convenient venue was also selected for conducting an interview; time
was selected according to the availability as well as individual data, which was coded
anonymously. Another method selected for collecting the data was the observation method through which
daily operations of the people were observed (Cynthiawoodsong, Macqueen, Guest and Namey 2005).
Data Analysis
The analysis will be explored through the societal questions related to the individual and African refugee.
This study will be supported in both the manual as well as online of the collected information. The online
method will cover up the programs like pdf and the percentage calculated for the purpose of analyzing the
data, which require rating will be analyzed through the online survey Creator program, in order to compare
the means that give the results (Cynthiawoodsong, Macqueen, Guest and Namey 2005).
12 Social and Economic Impacts on African Refugees Family in Australia- Bishop (Dr) Peter Kekere-2014
Ethics
Ethics are important while conducting the research. It starts with the willingness of the participants to join in
the interview session and participating in the survey. The population selected is explored to be the individual
and refugees, and genuine data is collected and results are derived mostly through online surveys, as per the
response of the participants, and that was done through participants consent.
Results
The online surveys were conducted by the individual participants and African refugees as well as staff from
community organization. From the response derived from the participants, it was analyzed that employment,
qualification recognition, financial income, workplace racism and discrimination and family situation are
the major issue which surrounds the African refugee, and emotional well being was the major settlement
barrier. Most of the African refugees face lack of employment opportunities, because they believe that, their
qualification from their home country was not recognized in Australia and work related skills rate was quite
low.
It was analyzed that economy of Australia was also impacted by the refugee, as their overseas qualifications
was not recognized in Australia enough to secure a professional employment which most African refugee
are looking for, and also lack of education of some African refugee family are even impacted the economic
development of the country. Africans were discriminated due to their color, race, and nationality in
Australia.
13 Social and Economic Impacts on African Refugees Family in Australia- Bishop (Dr) Peter Kekere-2014
Table 1: Sample of Demographic data on participant gender responded to the survey.
Genders Ages Ages Ages Ages Ages
Participants 16-20 21-30 31-40 41-50 50+
Percentages 5.9% 17.6% 17.6% 29.4% 29.4%
Males 2 1 3 2 0
Females 1 2 3 2 2
Face to Face Participant Participant Participant Participant Participant
Males 0 0 0 0 0
Females 0 0 0 1 1
Total 3 3 6 5 3
A data analysis, report produced by Esurvey Creator analyzed the perceptions and responses of the
participants is being placed in the appendices
Discussion
The study highlights about the efforts of African refugee as well as extraordinary persistence for adapting
the Australian life. There are many refugees who face the daily struggle of balancing the work, studies, as
well commitments of the family (Ho and Alcorso 2004). The findings of this study confirm about the
hardship faced during the learning of the English language, exploring the relevant work as well as
educational courses along with balancing the traditional structure of the family in relation with the economic
circumstances and new culture (Ho and Alcorso 2004). The study also explores that due to barriers in
language among the African people, they face the issue of lack in employment as well as educational
opportunities (Ho and Alcorso 2004).
For those refugees, who can acquire the skills of language, could easily explore the employment
opportunities, which occur with the results of, employment (Youth Conference Study: Sharing the future
2003).
14 Social and Economic Impacts on African Refugees Family in Australia- Bishop (Dr) Peter Kekere-2014
However, the issue highlighted in this study was the information lacking, which aimed at the migrant
refugees on different courses of education and its importance in the workplace at Australia (Collins 1991).
Another issue faced by the African refugee is the work experience in Australia. This is more reluctant in the
field of semi-professional like community services and administration (Collins 1991). One of the major
issues of concern is the lack of support for refugee families in the context of community support and proper
housing.
Recommendation
In as much as the government of Australia is working very hard to make Australia a better and safer place of
settlement for the refugees, and of course, I mean the African Refugee, and other humanitarian entrant to
Australia, However, I want to commend the effort of the Australian government towards the settlement
services of Refugees in Australia, and the refugee’s service provider organizations for their understanding of
the problems of refugees, and as well as the provision and making available services and information
accessed by refugees.
And on this hand, I would recommend more training and information session on the Australia’s social
adaptation context for African refugees in Australia, and on other hand, I recommend that, the oversees
qualifications of African refugees be recognized in Australia, the provision of the employment equality,
recommended new government funding programs for refugees, the educational awareness of Australian
culture as different from where refugees came from, awareness training for African refugee family, and of
course refugees as a whole to maintain their family, and to easily adapt with the Australia’s ways and
system, I mean the awareness of a social support for the family and the children.
15 Social and Economic Impacts on African Refugees Family in Australia- Bishop (Dr) Peter Kekere-2014
Conclusion
I believed that this research is helpful for the future researchers, as it will help understand the real life
experience faced by the African refugee in Australia. The literary sources provided in the research also
present the certain quotes, which gives clearer pictures of the issues faced by the African Refugees. The
research will be supportive for future researchers to highlight the need for redesigning the resolution policy,
which is important for comprehending the social situations of the refugees and clearly understand their
troubles, which they faced during the settlement time.
While working on this research, I got the opportunity to understand the issues of African migrants, and this
research is also supportive, knowledgeable as it helped me in collecting the perception of different authors
and knowing about the perception of different people, during the time of interview.
16 Social and Economic Impacts on African Refugees Family in Australia- Bishop (Dr) Peter Kekere-2014
Reference Lists
1. Cynthiawoodsong, N, Macqueen, K, Guest, G and Namey, E. 2005. Qualitative Research Methods:
A Data Collector’s Field Guide. Family Health International, and U.S.A.
2. Fozdar, F. and Torezani, S. 2008. ‘Discrimination and Well-Being: Perceptions of Refugees in
Western Australia’. International Migration Review, 42, pp. 30–63.
3. Fraser, K. 2009. Out of Africa and into Court: The Legal Problems of African Refugees. Melbourne:
Footscray Community Legal Centre.
4. Grossman, M. and Sharples, J. 2010. Don’t go there: Young people’s perspectives on Community
Safety and Policing. Melbourne: Victoria University.
5. Lee, B. P. 2007. Habermas' from society to family: Communicative Association, Solidarity and
Emancipation, Department of sociology. University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Degree of Doctor
of Philosophy.
6. Healey, J. 2003. Racism in Australia. The Spinney Press, Rozelle, NSW.
7. Valtonen, K. 2004. ‘From the Margin to the Mainstream: Conceptualising Refugee Resettlement
Processes’. Journal of Refugee Studies, 17(1), pp. 1-70.
8. Spinks, H. 2009. Australia's settlement services for migrants and refugees. Sage.
9. Majka, L. 2001. ‘Working with the vulnerable but meritorious: the non-governmental and public
sectors and African refugees in Melbourne’. Journal of Sociology, 37 (4), pp. 1-56.
10. Sheikh-Mohammed, M., MacIntyre, C. R., Wood, N. J., Leask, J., and Isaacs, D. 2006. ‘Barriers to
access to health care for newly resettled sub-Saharan refugees in Australia’. Medical Journal of
Australia, 185 (11/12), pp. 1-67.
11. Windle, J. 2008. ‘The radicalization of African youth in Australia’. Social Identities, 14(5), pp. 553-
566.
17 Social and Economic Impacts on African Refugees Family in Australia- Bishop (Dr) Peter Kekere-2014
12. Colic-Peisker, V. and Tilbury, F. 2005. Refugees and Employment: The effects of visible difference
on discrimination, Interim Report. Centre for Social and Community Research Murdoch University.
13. Colic-Peisker, V. and Tilbury, F. 2007. Integration into the Australian labour market: The experience
of three “visibly different” groups of recently arrived refugees.‟ International Migration, 45(1), pp.
1-67.
14. Hawa, A. and Khadija, M. 2000. African community are emerging but is Australia?‟ Ethnic
Spotlight, 51, pp. 16-17.
15. Jupp, J. 1994. Exile or refugee: The settlement of refugee, humanitarian and displaced immigrant.
Canberra: Bureau of Immigration and Population Study, Commonwealth of Australia.
16. Nsubuga-Kyobe, A. and Dimock, L. 2000. African communities and settlement services in Victoria:
Towards best practice service delivery models. Department of Immigration and Multicultural Affairs
of Australia.
17. Stevens, M. 2003. Refugee program takes on new face‟. West Australian Newspaper, 28(5), pp. 1-
67.
18. Youth Conference Study: Sharing the future. 2003. Migrant Resource Centre of South Australia.
19. Collins, J. 1991. Migrant Hands in a Distant land: Australia’s Post-war Immigration
2nd edition. London, Sydney: Pluto Press.
20. Ho, C. and Alcorso, C. 2004. Migrants and employment: Challenging the success story. Journal of
Sociology, 40(3), 237-259.

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Social and economic impacts on african refugees family

  • 1. Bishop (Dr) Peter Kekere 6th June 2014 Social And Ecomomic Impacts on African Refugees Family in Australia
  • 2. 2 Social and Economic Impacts on African Refugees Family in Australia- Bishop (Dr) Peter Kekere-2014 Title Page Social and Economic Impacts on African Refugees Family in Australia Bishop (Dr) Peter Kekere Christ Apostolic Church Praise Centre Inc Bankstown 6th June 2014
  • 3. 3 Social and Economic Impacts on African Refugees Family in Australia- Bishop (Dr) Peter Kekere-2014 About The Author Bishop (Dr) Peter Kekere is the current General Overseer and Senior Pastor of Christ Apostolic Church Praise Centre Inc, Australia, He is a Religious, Political, Social Justice, Human Rights and Community development analyst. Dr. Peter Kekere holds Diploma in Business Management, BA (Hons) Religious Education, Bachelor of Theology, Bachelor of Community Welfare, MA Social Science, PhD. He was conferred with an honorary degree of Doctor of Letters, and Doctor of Divinity (honoris causa). Bishop (Dr) Peter Kekere is the Director of Christ Apostolic Community Care, President of Multicultural Gospel Band (MGB), Director of All Nations International ( Consultant) Company Inc (ANC). He is a Social worker, Community worker, Business Consultant, Humanitarian Aid worker, Social Researcher, Human Rights Activist, and Development worker. He is the President of the Ivorian Community Australia (ICA), member of the Australian Institute of International Affair (AIIA), member of the Australian Community Workers Association (ACWA), member of African Professional Australia (APA), associate member of the Nigerian Association of New South Wales (NANSW) Acknowledgements I would like to thank my family for offering me the chance of completing this report and the never ending support they have provided. Also, I would like to thank all my friends for the encouragement and help they have given me at all times. Without you, this research would not have been possible. I am thankful for granting me this opportunity. I greatly appreciate the permission, cooperation, and support of the individuals, and community organization in which this research was conducted. I have taken efforts in this article written. However, it would not have been possible without the kind support and help of many individuals. I would like to extend my sincere thanks to all of them. I take this opportunity to express my profound gratitude and deep regards to my guide, colleagues, men and women
  • 4. 4 Social and Economic Impacts on African Refugees Family in Australia- Bishop (Dr) Peter Kekere-2014 that support me, and for their exemplary guidance, monitoring and constant encouragement throughout the course of written this paper. I would like to express my gratitude towards my wife, my children, my students, my church members and of course my mates in the academic and social science field and my parents for their kind co-operation and encouragement which help me in the completion of this paper. My profound appreciations also go the University of Western Sydney, Bankstown College of TAFE, Sydney Institute of TAFE and other educational institutions that assisted me and permitted me to use their available relevant resources, materials, library and online resources and information in the course of completing my research or for this paper. I cannot emphasize my appreciation enough. Thank You
  • 5. 5 Social and Economic Impacts on African Refugees Family in Australia- Bishop (Dr) Peter Kekere-2014 Table of Contents Abstract......................................................................................................................................6 Introduction................................................................................................................................7 Research question ..................................................................................................................7 Rationale of the Research......................................................................................................7 Research design .....................................................................................................................8 Literature Review.......................................................................................................................8 Methodology............................................................................................................................10 Introduction..........................................................................................................................10 Theoretical Perspective .......................................................................................................10 Justification of method.........................................................................................................11 Data collection.....................................................................................................................11 Data Analysis.......................................................................................................................11 Ethics....................................................................................................................................12 Results......................................................................................................................................12 Discussion................................................................................................................................13 Recommendation……………………………………………………………………………..14 Conclusion ...............................................................................................................................15 References................................................................................................................................16
  • 6. 6 Social and Economic Impacts on African Refugees Family in Australia- Bishop (Dr) Peter Kekere-2014 Abstract This research is based on the social and economic impacts faced by the refugee family of Africa in Australia, in result of the increasing issues of the struggling life of people in Australia. The struggle of individuals in their day to day survival matters instead of investing in the skills of life; lack of satisfactory education and expertise associated with the culture of Australia has highly impacted the family as they struggle to easily understand the Australian tradition, new system, and people. In addition to this, they face issues such as discrimination and racism, lack of finances, family breakdown, as well as unemployment. It also includes poor health, drugs, alcohol, and social isolation. This report highlights the research on the social and economic impact on the African refugee for which primary and secondary research is concluded.
  • 7. 7 Social and Economic Impacts on African Refugees Family in Australia- Bishop (Dr) Peter Kekere-2014 Introduction Several decades of political and civil conflicts ongoing in African countries has lead to the growing Sub- Sahara African migration in the many Australian regions (Fozdar and Torezani 2008). All these African migrants have come from the Ethiopia, Sudan, Congo, Eritrea, as well as many West African regions, which also include Sierra Leone and Liberia (Fozdar and Torezani 2008). Intake of recent migrants is mainly highlighted towards black Africans and from the larger intake,the majority of the migrants has come from the Sudan, this country has faced a vicious as well as devastating civil war which went on for 21 years, which forced the large number of Sudanese to become refugees and move into the Australian regions (Fraser 2009). The aim of this paper is to discuss the qualitative findings related to African refugee in Australia. This report also highlights the social and political impact over the families, what all challenges they are facing, and certain recommendations that, could improve their life (Grossman and Sharples 2010). Research question Question1: What all social and political impact faced by African refugee in Australia? Question 2: How Australian reforms are impacted by the coming of Refugee’s? Rationale of the Research The rationale behind conducting this research is to support in developing many ideas in the area of research by undertaking all the required knowledge, skills, as well as research competencies related to the work that could help in further taking this research (Lee 2007). This research is quite supportive in understanding about the refugees, and also gives voice to the refugee’s by highlighting their problems. This research is also supportive in enlightening the community, so that they could have the knowledge of relevant techniques for addressing the concern of refugee’s (Healey 2003).
  • 8. 8 Social and Economic Impacts on African Refugees Family in Australia- Bishop (Dr) Peter Kekere-2014 Research design In this research, qualitative method is used, in order to investigate about the various social and economic impacts over the families of African refugees. Qualitative methods will help to engross performing intensive interviews with the help of sample respondents, in order to know their perception about the relevant ideas as well as circumstances (Valtonen 2004). This will permit the researcher to share their thoughts and experience in this research. Qualitative method used in this research will also offer the efficient environments in which relevant information could be gathered. Literature Review There are very less literatures based on African experiences in the Australian regions, which depicts the discrimination in employment, as well as lack of understanding about the local work culture of the country. This literature review has tried to acknowledge the literature progression throughout the period of around three to five years, but in these years, the community of Africa has increased in the recent period and their problems have also attracted the various publications to cover about various fields of study that tries to address the challenges, which are faced by the African refugees (Spinks 2009). Majka (2001) tries to asset the issues in context of underemployment and unemployment going among the migrants of Africa in Australia that has resulted into the integration and personal issues. It is significant to consider various other factors of underpinning that clearly examines the refugee’s employment opportunities. For instance, Sheikh-Mohammed, MacIntyre, Wood, Leask and Isaacs (2006) tries to acknowledge about the effects of the civil wars and related other factors such as, famine, dislocation, war, isolation, and overcrowding, which holds long lasting effects over the refugee adoption and integration into the wider society of Australia (Windle 2008).
  • 9. 9 Social and Economic Impacts on African Refugees Family in Australia- Bishop (Dr) Peter Kekere-2014 This analysis is appropriate and focuses towards the refugee’s previous life, when they were in refugee camps and present social, employment, economic, along with integration problems in Australia. The employment issues presently faced by the African refugees, holds an impact over the adjustments in the society of Australia. Access of employment is the most important as well an effective way for all the communities of Africa to connect with the Australian society as discussed by Colic-Peisker and Tilbury (2005). The issues that contribute to the lack of employment as per Colic-Peisker and Tilbury (2007), and experienced through the previous migrant groups, for example, South Americans, Middle Eastern, and Europeans have tried to change the way as they sued to integrate in the society of Australia. The currently come African migrants, mainly those affected by the issue of racism in the workplace, as they are black Africans, and this is because of their cultural backgrounds and physical appearance (Hawa and Khadija 2000). However, given by the fact that, all these ethnic communities in Australia for long periods has, collectively, and individually acquired the knowledge, skills, and experience that, lead them towards employment. Jupp (1994) supports this argument through saying that all the people that came from the refugee background are usually confronted through problems in the labor market that cannot be easily explained along through poor skills of the English language, recentness of their arrival, as well as deficiencies in occupational skills. Refuge also comes across problems of adjustment in the settlement, due to the direct consequences related to traumatic events, which has forced them to migrate (Nsubuga-Kyobe and Dimock 2000). According to the document, named Refugees and the employment the European context (1993) mention that, refugee as the group usually suffer through the inactivity, excessive unemployment, under- employment, non-employment, as well as disguised unemployment (Stevens 2003).
  • 10. 10 Social and Economic Impacts on African Refugees Family in Australia- Bishop (Dr) Peter Kekere-2014 Methodology Introduction In this research, qualitative methods are used for investigating the social and economic impact over the families of African refugees. Qualitative methods will help in collecting relevant data from the participants. This research will include primary and secondary data collection method. In the primary method, an interview will be conducted by the community and refugee service providers that provides settlement services to African Refugees. In order to conduct this interview a staff of the refugee service provider was approached, and also participation through online survey. The interview was conducted to know the thought of the participants. Qualitative method is selected as it provides the efficient environment through which data could be gathered without any problem (Cynthiawoodsong, Macqueen, Guest and Namey 2005). Theoretical Perspective This research will try to include communicative theory of planning, which is a theoretical concept, which focuses over the political communities, public organizations, as well as individual groups within the society exchange and try to discuss their thoughts, which support them in reaching to the logical solution (Cynthiawoodsong, Macqueen, Guest and Namey 2005). This theory will be used in the research, as a communicative act permits to examine the uncertainty between the selected populations. Sequentially, this study will also help in drawing the Habermas’s communicative theory of action, which tries to engage with the population study within the discussions on the personal experiences as well as challenging conditions, which they face and which impact their life (Cynthiawoodsong, Macqueen, Guest and Namey 2005).
  • 11. 11 Social and Economic Impacts on African Refugees Family in Australia- Bishop (Dr) Peter Kekere-2014 Justification of method Interview and survey method is used in this research for drawing the data about the social and economic impact on the life of refugees, and how migrants are impacting the Australian politics and the economy. The interview will also help in knowing the challenges faced by the migrants. This method is adopted as it can help in deriving clear answers. Data collection In order to collect the data, two groups of participants were participated in this research, one is from individual and African refugees through which their experiences and settlement challenges in Australia were in an online survey and face to face survey. Another interview was conducted with a staff of a community organization providing services to African refugees. (Cynthiawoodsong, Macqueen, Guest and Namey 2005). Participants were engaged through conducting the semi-structured interview through which their thoughts were drafted in the finding section. Convenient venue was also selected for conducting an interview; time was selected according to the availability as well as individual data, which was coded anonymously. Another method selected for collecting the data was the observation method through which daily operations of the people were observed (Cynthiawoodsong, Macqueen, Guest and Namey 2005). Data Analysis The analysis will be explored through the societal questions related to the individual and African refugee. This study will be supported in both the manual as well as online of the collected information. The online method will cover up the programs like pdf and the percentage calculated for the purpose of analyzing the data, which require rating will be analyzed through the online survey Creator program, in order to compare the means that give the results (Cynthiawoodsong, Macqueen, Guest and Namey 2005).
  • 12. 12 Social and Economic Impacts on African Refugees Family in Australia- Bishop (Dr) Peter Kekere-2014 Ethics Ethics are important while conducting the research. It starts with the willingness of the participants to join in the interview session and participating in the survey. The population selected is explored to be the individual and refugees, and genuine data is collected and results are derived mostly through online surveys, as per the response of the participants, and that was done through participants consent. Results The online surveys were conducted by the individual participants and African refugees as well as staff from community organization. From the response derived from the participants, it was analyzed that employment, qualification recognition, financial income, workplace racism and discrimination and family situation are the major issue which surrounds the African refugee, and emotional well being was the major settlement barrier. Most of the African refugees face lack of employment opportunities, because they believe that, their qualification from their home country was not recognized in Australia and work related skills rate was quite low. It was analyzed that economy of Australia was also impacted by the refugee, as their overseas qualifications was not recognized in Australia enough to secure a professional employment which most African refugee are looking for, and also lack of education of some African refugee family are even impacted the economic development of the country. Africans were discriminated due to their color, race, and nationality in Australia.
  • 13. 13 Social and Economic Impacts on African Refugees Family in Australia- Bishop (Dr) Peter Kekere-2014 Table 1: Sample of Demographic data on participant gender responded to the survey. Genders Ages Ages Ages Ages Ages Participants 16-20 21-30 31-40 41-50 50+ Percentages 5.9% 17.6% 17.6% 29.4% 29.4% Males 2 1 3 2 0 Females 1 2 3 2 2 Face to Face Participant Participant Participant Participant Participant Males 0 0 0 0 0 Females 0 0 0 1 1 Total 3 3 6 5 3 A data analysis, report produced by Esurvey Creator analyzed the perceptions and responses of the participants is being placed in the appendices Discussion The study highlights about the efforts of African refugee as well as extraordinary persistence for adapting the Australian life. There are many refugees who face the daily struggle of balancing the work, studies, as well commitments of the family (Ho and Alcorso 2004). The findings of this study confirm about the hardship faced during the learning of the English language, exploring the relevant work as well as educational courses along with balancing the traditional structure of the family in relation with the economic circumstances and new culture (Ho and Alcorso 2004). The study also explores that due to barriers in language among the African people, they face the issue of lack in employment as well as educational opportunities (Ho and Alcorso 2004). For those refugees, who can acquire the skills of language, could easily explore the employment opportunities, which occur with the results of, employment (Youth Conference Study: Sharing the future 2003).
  • 14. 14 Social and Economic Impacts on African Refugees Family in Australia- Bishop (Dr) Peter Kekere-2014 However, the issue highlighted in this study was the information lacking, which aimed at the migrant refugees on different courses of education and its importance in the workplace at Australia (Collins 1991). Another issue faced by the African refugee is the work experience in Australia. This is more reluctant in the field of semi-professional like community services and administration (Collins 1991). One of the major issues of concern is the lack of support for refugee families in the context of community support and proper housing. Recommendation In as much as the government of Australia is working very hard to make Australia a better and safer place of settlement for the refugees, and of course, I mean the African Refugee, and other humanitarian entrant to Australia, However, I want to commend the effort of the Australian government towards the settlement services of Refugees in Australia, and the refugee’s service provider organizations for their understanding of the problems of refugees, and as well as the provision and making available services and information accessed by refugees. And on this hand, I would recommend more training and information session on the Australia’s social adaptation context for African refugees in Australia, and on other hand, I recommend that, the oversees qualifications of African refugees be recognized in Australia, the provision of the employment equality, recommended new government funding programs for refugees, the educational awareness of Australian culture as different from where refugees came from, awareness training for African refugee family, and of course refugees as a whole to maintain their family, and to easily adapt with the Australia’s ways and system, I mean the awareness of a social support for the family and the children.
  • 15. 15 Social and Economic Impacts on African Refugees Family in Australia- Bishop (Dr) Peter Kekere-2014 Conclusion I believed that this research is helpful for the future researchers, as it will help understand the real life experience faced by the African refugee in Australia. The literary sources provided in the research also present the certain quotes, which gives clearer pictures of the issues faced by the African Refugees. The research will be supportive for future researchers to highlight the need for redesigning the resolution policy, which is important for comprehending the social situations of the refugees and clearly understand their troubles, which they faced during the settlement time. While working on this research, I got the opportunity to understand the issues of African migrants, and this research is also supportive, knowledgeable as it helped me in collecting the perception of different authors and knowing about the perception of different people, during the time of interview.
  • 16. 16 Social and Economic Impacts on African Refugees Family in Australia- Bishop (Dr) Peter Kekere-2014 Reference Lists 1. Cynthiawoodsong, N, Macqueen, K, Guest, G and Namey, E. 2005. Qualitative Research Methods: A Data Collector’s Field Guide. Family Health International, and U.S.A. 2. Fozdar, F. and Torezani, S. 2008. ‘Discrimination and Well-Being: Perceptions of Refugees in Western Australia’. International Migration Review, 42, pp. 30–63. 3. Fraser, K. 2009. Out of Africa and into Court: The Legal Problems of African Refugees. Melbourne: Footscray Community Legal Centre. 4. Grossman, M. and Sharples, J. 2010. Don’t go there: Young people’s perspectives on Community Safety and Policing. Melbourne: Victoria University. 5. Lee, B. P. 2007. Habermas' from society to family: Communicative Association, Solidarity and Emancipation, Department of sociology. University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Degree of Doctor of Philosophy. 6. Healey, J. 2003. Racism in Australia. The Spinney Press, Rozelle, NSW. 7. Valtonen, K. 2004. ‘From the Margin to the Mainstream: Conceptualising Refugee Resettlement Processes’. Journal of Refugee Studies, 17(1), pp. 1-70. 8. Spinks, H. 2009. Australia's settlement services for migrants and refugees. Sage. 9. Majka, L. 2001. ‘Working with the vulnerable but meritorious: the non-governmental and public sectors and African refugees in Melbourne’. Journal of Sociology, 37 (4), pp. 1-56. 10. Sheikh-Mohammed, M., MacIntyre, C. R., Wood, N. J., Leask, J., and Isaacs, D. 2006. ‘Barriers to access to health care for newly resettled sub-Saharan refugees in Australia’. Medical Journal of Australia, 185 (11/12), pp. 1-67. 11. Windle, J. 2008. ‘The radicalization of African youth in Australia’. Social Identities, 14(5), pp. 553- 566.
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