Technology Disruption Digital Inclusion and the Law.pdf
What is technology disruption? A new technology that changes The way things are done Expectations and behaviors Market or industry Uber/Grab vs taxi business Airbnb vs hotel business Netflix vs TV, DVD, cinemas Blockchain vs financial institutions Google vs books, libraries ChatGPT vs Google How can technology disrupt the Law? DoNotPay https://donotpay.com/ Bizibot https://www.btlnet.co.uk/digital-transformation-solutions-overview/bizibot WeVorce https://www.wevorce.com OCBC Online Will Generator https://www.ocbc.com/personal-banking/lifegoals/willgenerator/#/ Transcripts https://fortherecord.com/transcript-express/ Law firms using Blockchain https://www.raconteur.net/technology/blockchain/blockchain-revolutionising-legal-sector/ LawGeex AI vs human lawyers, on reviewing standard contracts Accuracy Time taken to review contract Courts used technology to deliver justice during COVID But litigants with resources had the advantage https://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/reports/2021/12/how-courts-embraced-technology-met-the-pandemic-challenge-and-revolutionized-their-operations Disruption has no ethics. But we do. Must bridge the Digital Divide Parties may need help https://www.ncsc.org/__data/assets/pdf_file/0026/53738/PPP-Technology-Digital-Divide-Considerations.pdf Using AI for judgments Benefits Exclude legally irrelevant factors Standardise decisions Help courts to prioritise cases, increase efficiency Encourage parties to settle if success is predicted to be unlikely https://www.cppr.in/articles/predictive-justice-using-ai-for-justice-introduction Risks Over reliance on machine decisions Algorithmic bias: bad history = bad future Bad data feedback into bad data Inability to explain decisions: bad for rule of law https://www.suls.org.au/citations-blog/2020/9/25/predictive-judicial-analytics-implications-for-rule-of-law-and-the-legal-profession Cases of AI bias in justice system COMPAS (for probation) Black defendants were 2x wrongly predicted to be high risk of recidivism White defendants were 2x wrongly predicted to be low risk of recidivism Black defendants were 2x more likely to be misclassified as high risk of violent recidivism White violent recidivists were 63% more likely to have been misclassified as low risk https://www.propublica.org/article/how-we-analyzed-the-compas-recidivism-algorithm Public Safety Assessment (for bail) More likely to recommend high bail for males than females https://venturebeat.com/ai/study-finds-crime-predicting-judicial-tool-exhibits-gender-bias/ How does this type of AI work? How does this type of AI work? Where did the ML (Machine Learning) come from? Garbage In = Garbage Out Always check what’s going in and what’s coming out Rand Report on Protecting Individuals using tech in the Justice
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Technology Disruption Digital Inclusion and the Law.pdf
- 1. Technology Disruption, Digital Inclusion, and the Law Benjamin Ang – Co-Chief Data Officer, AI Singapore Deputy Head, Centre of Excellence for National Security Twitter.com/benjaminang
- 2. What is technology disruption? • A new technology that changes • The way things are done • Expectations and behaviors • Market or industry • Uber/Grab vs taxi business • Airbnb vs hotel business • Netflix vs TV, DVD, cinemas • Blockchain vs financial institutions • Google vs books, libraries • ChatGPT vs Google
- 3. How can technology disrupt the Law?
- 10. LawGeex AI vs human lawyers, on reviewing standard contracts Accuracy Time taken to review contract 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 Human AI Seconds Seconds 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 Human AI % Accuracy % Accuracy
- 12. But litigants with resources had the advantage https://www.pewtrusts.org/en/res earch-and- analysis/reports/2021/12/how- courts-embraced-technology-met- the-pandemic-challenge-and- revolutionized-their-operations
- 13. Disruption has no ethics. But we do.
- 14. Must bridge the Digital Divide Parties may need help https://www.ncsc.org/__data/asse ts/pdf_file/0026/53738/PPP- Technology-Digital-Divide- Considerations.pdf
- 15. Using AI for judgments Benefits • Exclude legally irrelevant factors • Standardise decisions • Help courts to prioritise cases, increase efficiency • Encourage parties to settle if success is predicted to be unlikely • https://www.cppr.in/articles/predictive- justice-using-ai-for-justice-introduction Risks • Over reliance on machine decisions • Algorithmic bias: bad history = bad future • Bad data feedback into bad data • Inability to explain decisions: bad for rule of law • https://www.suls.org.au/citations- blog/2020/9/25/predictive-judicial-analytics- implications-for-rule-of-law-and-the-legal- profession
- 16. Cases of AI bias in justice system COMPAS (for probation) • Black defendants were 2x wrongly predicted to be high risk of recidivism • White defendants were 2x wrongly predicted to be low risk of recidivism • Black defendants were 2x more likely to be misclassified as high risk of violent recidivism • White violent recidivists were 63% more likely to have been misclassified as low risk • https://www.propublica.org/article/how- we-analyzed-the-compas-recidivism- algorithm Public Safety Assessment (for bail) • More likely to recommend high bail for males than females • https://venturebeat.com/ai/study-finds- crime-predicting-judicial-tool-exhibits- gender-bias/
- 17. How does this type of AI work?
- 18. How does this type of AI work?
- 19. Where did the ML (Machine Learning) come from?
- 20. Garbage In = Garbage Out
- 21. Always check what’s going in and what’s coming out
- 22. Rand Report on Protecting Individuals using tech in the Justice System • Maintain quality and integrity of data used by the criminal justice system • Train justice system staff on how to use the technology correctly • Study how the tools (e.g., risk assessment tools) are performing • Study how to protect the data of people in the system (victims, plaintiffs, witnesses) • https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR1748.html • Also: provide all participants with the tools and help needed to access justice
- 23. What will you do if you see a new disruptive technology?
- 24. Technology Disruption, Digital Inclusion, and the Law Benjamin Ang – Co-Chief Data Officer, AI Singapore Deputy Head, Centre of Excellence for National Security Twitter.com/benjaminang