The Environmental Assessment Panel Concluded New Scientific Evidence Would Impact Inuit Health

The Environmental Assessment Panel Concluded
Inuit population. The environmental assessment panel concluded this knowledge gap was
compounded by Nalcor's decision to exclude Lake Melville from the environmental assessment
from detailed study. Nalcor based this decision on their prediction that there would be no
measurable impacts downstream. (Make Muskrat Right, 2016). Lake Melville: Avativut,
Kanuittailinnivut research program was initiated by the Nunatsiavut Government, the Labrador Inuit
self–government body to do more research on the downstream effects. An independent team of
scientific experts from Canada and the USA carried out research to fully understand the effects of
how Muskrat Falls would impact Lake Melville's eco–system and the communities that depend on it
for a living and also to anticipate the potentially constituting impacts of changing climate. Within
the findings is evidence from Harvard University scientists of detrimental impacts on methyl
mercury concentration in the Lake Melville ecosystem and increased Inuit exposure to methyl
mercury from Muskrat Falls. These findings are substantially different than predictions presented in
the Lower Churchill EA by Nalcor Energy. In light of this new scientific evidence, the Nunatsiavut
Government has prepared, in this report, a new set of conclusions with respect to the downstream
impacts of Muskrat Falls and stemming from this set of science based policy recommendations to
protect Inuit health and well–being. (Make Muskrat Right, 2016). Methylmercury,
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Atlantic Canada Summary Chapter 1
Chapter two of Atlantic Canada A History covers the life of Aboriginal people in the Atlantic region
from 1500–1860. The aboriginal people needed to be very resourceful; they had to use everything
they could from the animals that they killed in order to survive. They used bones, skin, brains and
even tendons from moose, caribou, deer and other animals to craft tools and make clothing. Before
the Europeans arrived the Aboriginals relied solely on the environment to survive. During the 1500's
when Europeans started to arrive the Mi'kmaq people traded fur with them in exchange for tools and
weapons; this tactical advantage allowed the Mi'kmaq to expand their control over other regions.
These new tools the Europeans brought were made of better technology which helped the Mi'kmaq
lives drastically. The Beothuk mainly relied on caribou for survival, however they also crafted
canoes made of birch bark in order to hunt fish, seals, seabirds and other marine life. Similar to the
Passamaquoddy, the Beothuk were skilled hunters and were highly adapted in their environment.
They would move their group and change the group sizes ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Unlike most Europeans in the 1500's, the pre–contact people were not Christian. Many had totally
different views on the world, for example. The Mi'kmaq people believed that the sun and moon
were ancestors of people who lived on earth. They also believed there were six worlds including the
Earth world, worlds above and below the Earth, beneath the water, above the sky and the ghost
world. The cultures of the Europeans and Innu were very different; the European women were not
very dependent and listened to their husbands, and the children were harshly punished. While the
Innu women had gender roles they were very independent and powerful and the children were
spared physical

The Impact Of Media On Indigenous Collective Action
One of the most famous images within Canadian history is that of a tense moment between two men
facing each other. The image shows a masked armed indigenous man leaning over the smaller
soldier before a moment of apparent confrontation. On one level, the image itself is colonial
portraying the soldier as keeping the peace against the unknowable "other." Thereby in many parts
this image misrepresents the complex reality of the situation and the history surrounding the Oka
confrontation. But this image represents more then merely the Oka crisis, but rather the often one
sided portrayal of Indigenous people within the media. The media has played an important role in
shaping perception on Indigenous collective action. But like the photo ... Show more content on
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There are two national media controversies in the summer of 1990. The first involved the
controversy surrounding the stopping of the Meech Lake Accord by Elijah Harper who an act of
protest initiated a filibuster before the accord's deadline. The second crisis beginning in July 11,
1990 involving a 78–day armed standoff between the Mohawk nation of Kanesatake, the Quebec
provincial police, and the Canadian armed forces near the town of Oka, Quebec which became
known as the Oka Crisis. The events began in June 30, 1990 when the municipality of Oka was
granted a court injunction to dismantle a peaceful barricade erected by the people of Kanesatake in
an effort to defend their sacred lands from further encroachment by non–Native developers. The
event and the standoff brought wide spread reactions from across Canada and the world. Despite
many facts and details being well known there was a level of ambiguity around the events. For
example, few reporters at the time conducted interviews with residents behind the blockade.
Therefore the media with its already heightened perception of different indigenous protests along
with sensationalism around breakdown of the Meech Lake Accord were on their own to shape the
way in which the events were perceived and unfolded. The newspapers are the key primary source
for information about the Oka Crisis. But by no means does this make these sources transparent,
rather newspapers are often bias towards the the main social,

First Nation Cree Communities : The Oldest Rock On Earth
First Nation Cree Communities
First Nation Cree Economic Activities
Inuit Communities
Eastmain
Arts and crafts, businesses & services, construction, trapping, tourism, food services, outiftting and
transportation
Kuujjuarapik
Wapmagoostui
Arts & handicrafts, business and services, trapping, tourism and outfitters
Salluit
Chisasibi Businesses & services, construction, trapping, tourism, outfitting & transportation
Akulivik
Waskaganish
Arts and handicrafts, businesses & services, trapping, construction, transport and outfitting
Kangirsuk
Waswanapi
Arts & handicrafts, forestry, businesses and services, fisheries, trapping, construction, transportation
Puvirnituq
The project occurred in the Taiga Shield. Encompassing not only Quebec, the ecozone also includes
Alberta, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Nunavut, the Northwest Territories and Newfoundland and
Labrador. As the Taiga Shield is part of the Canadian Shield, the bedrock is old, and in particular,
Great Slave Lake contains the oldest rock on Earth, over four billion years old. Many animals
including caribou, moose, beaver, and bald eagle live in this ecozone because of its suitable climate
and appropriate land forms, which include forests, meadows and wetlands. Because of such
diversity, hunting and fishing are common activities to be done in the Taiga Shield, and because of
the hydroelectric development, this ecozone has developed quicker than its counterparts to the
north. This region is also very densely populated,

Effects Of Residential Schools In Canada
Residential schools were a place where thousands of Indigenous children would go to learn but
instead get abused very badly. Residential schools existed about a hundred years ago. These tragic
schools were established because European people wanted the Indigenous people of Canada to be
assimilated into Euro–Canadian. The European people thought that their civilization was the
greatest human achievement. A lot of residential schools opened within Canada's provinces. Life at
residential schools was very cruel because the students got limited time to learn and more time to do
exhausting chores. The children also got brutally abused for various things including if they offend
the nuns and priests working in the schools. By the time the children had finished attending the
residential schools they had almost forgotten everything about their culture and traditions.
Residential schools treated children very poorly which caused some long–lasting effects that still
impact Indigenous people today. There were a lot of residential schools in Canada and there were a
variety of reasons why and how these schools had opened. European settlers thought that the first
habitants of Canada (the Indigenous people) were ignorant, and like children they needed guidance.
The first prime minister of Canada Sir John A. McDonald commissioned a journalist and politician
Nicholas Flood Davin to study industrial schools, for the indigenous children, in the United States.
Nicholas Flood Davin found

Traditional Ecological Knowledge Essay
Traditional Ecological Knowledge and the conservation of natural resources Nature as w e know it
means different things to different people. To an economist, natural is often seen as a resource to be
transformed and put in readiness for human use. An alternative view is that humans are stewards
who should care for natural things as well as making use of nature's bounty. Another view is that
nature of animism, which sees nature as a living thing, something to be respected and not controlled.
Some native American's view the earth as a sacred place could be called animist. Another alternative
view is that the entire planet earth is a self correcting system based on a symbiotic relationship
between the earth and the living beings(Peacock, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They do not believe that they kill the animal because of how skilled a hunter they were. In order to
show their gratitude to the land, they make sure that they do not misuse the meat that they derive
from such animal. Who are the indigenous people? Emery and Associates defined indigenous people
as descent of populations that lived in a particular country or geographical regions to which the
country belongs, at the time of colonization or conquest and who irrespective of their legal status
retain some or all of their own cultural, social and political institutions (Emery and Associates,
1997). While most literature on the traditional ecological knowledge focused on North American
indigenous people, there are also indigenous societies in Australia, South America, Asia and Africa,
each with its own version of traditional ecological knowledge. What is traditional ecological
knowledge? Traditional ecological knowledge as defined by Fikret Berkes is the knowledge base
acquired by indigenous and local peoples over thousands of years through direct contact with the
environment(Berkes, 1993). This knowledge includes the spiritual, physical, emotional, and mental
aspects and related components of the earth and universe. Traditional ecological knowledge is often
passed from generations to generations through oral

Innu People Vs Inuit People Essay
Everyone has heard of the term Native Americans at least once, but have you ever heard of the Inuit
and Innu people? I did some research on the Innu and Inuit people and there were a lot of things
they had in common and things they didn't. So, today I will be teaching you about the similarities
and differences between the Innu people and the Inuit people! You might be thinking to yourself, the
Innu and Inuit people MUST be the same since they have the "same" name but the Innu people are
different. For example, the housing that the Innu people mostly did was a wigwam. A wigwam is a
type of shelter that is made from birch bark and wooden frames. The housing is different from the
Inuit people because the Inuit people created igloos made from ice cubes, not birch bark. Also, the
Innu people had hunting leaders for hunting groups when they went to hunt caribou, fish, and some
more meat. This is different than the inuit people hunting "plans" because they didn't have hunting
leaders, they just went hunting whenever basically. There are a lot more differences the Innu people
did compared to Inuit people but these are some of the ones that stuck out to me. ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
What are the differences the Inuit people did that the Inuit people didn't do? One difference that the
Inuit people did was the Inuit people believed that nonliving and living things have spirits. What I
mean by that is, the Inuit people would carve a resemblance of an animal into wood, while the Innu
people needed permission to hunt an animal. Another difference the Inuit people had was that the
Russian would call the Inuit people "eskimos" and the Inuit people hated that name. If you've ever
looked up the word "eskimo", you would know that it means "raw meat eaters". But, the Innu
people was called, Montagnais which stood for "of the mountains". Now that you've learned about
the differences of the Innu and the Inuit people what about the

An Aboriginal Approach to Social Work
An Aboriginal Approach to Social Work Introduction Before I begin I would like to share an
Aboriginal quote: "The Circle has healing power. In the Circle, we are all equal. When in the Circle,
no one is in front of you. No one is behind you. No one is above you. No one is below you. The
Sacred Circle is designed to create unity. The Hoop of Life is also a circle. On this hoop there is a
place for every species, every race, every tree and every plant. It is this completeness of Life that
must be respected in order to bring about health on this planet." ~Dave Chief, Oglala Lakota~ The
reason why I chose this quote was because I felt that it represents and symbolizes the key concepts
and values of the Medicine Wheel in this chapter. An ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The potlatch was seen as a key target in assimilation policies and agendas. Missionary William
Duncan wrote in 1875 that the potlatch was "by far the most formidable of all obstacles in the way
of Aboriginals becoming Christians, or even civilized. Thus in 1885, the Indian Act was revised to
include clauses banning the potlatch and making it illegal to practice. The Aboriginal economic
system was also subjugated and exploited by laws not allowing farmers to sell their produce unless
it was for survival purposes. Oppression also occurred on a political level when the Canadian
government imposed systems for the Aboriginal peoples to govern them– selves. Aboriginal people
were no longer allowed to follow their traditional forms of governance and the Indian Act Chief and
Council System. This meant that all matters that had to be discussed had to be approved by the
government appointed Indian agent before a chief and council could address the matter. Once
matters were discussed any resolution had to be agreed upon by the appropriate federal minister
before being enacted. When people attempted to address grievances or complaints they had with the
government and the Indian Act System, new laws were passed to stop them from organizing and
effectively dealing with the issues brought to their attention. These were also laws put into effect to
fine or imprison anyone receiving money for the prosecution of claims on behalf of a First Nations
Band which meant

The Gulo- Is The Largest Known Member Of Its Mustelidae...
Gulo gulo– is also referred to as wolverine, glutton, skunk bear, and Indian devil, and is the largest
known member of its Mustelidae family. Gulo resembles a giant marten with a heavy build, large
head, relatively small and rounded ears, short tail, and massive limbs. The wolverine is a part of
Kingdom Animalia, Phylum Chordata, Class Mammalia, Order Carnivora, Mustelidae Family, the
Gulo Genus, and the Gulo Species. Lineage
Wolverines are found most commonly in Alaska and northern parts of Canada, with few found along
the mountainous regions on the Pacific Coast. Originally wolverines were found in the southern
areas of North America, such as Colorado, Illinois, and Pennsylvania; however due to hunting,
clearing of forests, and other human activities wolverine populations were extirpated; and are now
most commonly found in Colorado and California. Wolverines are the largest in the Mustelidae
family. They are terrestrial mammals that are usually 65 to 105 cm in body length with a tail length
of 17 to 26 cm, and a shoulder height of 36 to 43 cm. Wolverines have a stocky appearance with a
robust body, short, powerful limbs, a large head, and small, rounded ears. Wolverine fur is an oily
deep brown to black fur with a light brown or gold stripe extending from the crown of head laterally
across each shoulder and rump. Wolverine fur is also hydrophobic which allows them to be resistant
to frost as well as keeping them warm in cold climates. Wolverines also have curved

Inuit And Innu Similarities
If you are wondering the difference and similarities of the Innu and the Inuit, then you have come to
the right place. I have done research of the Innu and the Inuit and found they have some things in
common and others not. I will be talking about those differences between the two tribes, and the
similarities. Let's start with the similarities.
The Innu and the Innu both have very special beliefs.They both believe in myths. For example, the
"Caribou man".This man tells the story of an Eskimo man. But the myths are different. They both
also hunt for their food. They hunt by fishing so they eat fish. Hunting caribou is another way they
obtain food. You wouldn't think these tribes would have art in common but they do. Making some
considerable

Natives and Self-government Essay
Natives and Self–government
From the moment of organized European appearances in North America, negotiation has been a
central characteristic of relationships between aboriginal residents and newcomers. It is a
characteristic that has been evident in treaty–making throughout Canada for more than three
hundred years and it continues to be the order of the day in modern treaties, claims and agreements
being negotiated with First Nations, Inuit, and Métis across in Canada. 1
One of the central issues in the negotiations over the past three decades has been the question of
aboriginal self–government, which has taken second place only to comprehensive land claims
negotiations in areas where no treaties have been signed to date.
VIEWS OF ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Among academics, political leaders, and government representatives differences of opinion and
concern abound: differences about the most beneficial structure of self–government, about who
controls what, about when self–government should be implemented, about whether or not a true
form self–government can ever be achieved.
Those who are critical of current forms of aboriginal self–government view them as little more than
convenient arrangements that allow aboriginal people administrative responsibility for services
which are ultimately controlled by the federal or provincial government.3 They argue that self–
government is essentially glorified municipal government; arrangements which are far from the
ideal of a third level of government equal in legislative and financial authority to the federal and
provincial governments.4
Self–government proposals also have their critics among the very people for whom it is intended.
For example, Inuit women have objected to many parts of the Nunavut agreement mainly because of
concerns about an emphasis on conventional southern Canadian notions of resource management.
They also had concerns and about an emphasis on the economic, social and political roles and issues
for men at the expense of those of women in Nunavut (Inuit Women‰s Association, 1993). In

Aborginal People
Aboriginal People
Learning statement
Before taking this course I was not known to the fact that aboriginal people have significant
importance in Canada. This course seemed to be very interesting to me, as it was totally new to me.
It was not only interesting; it opened the gate way to new information which I was never aware of
before. I got to learn a lot of new and interesting facts about the aboriginal people, which changed
my perspective about them, and increased my learning. With the passage of time I got to learn very
interesting facts about aboriginal people, their mixture, and culture and how they civilized. I have
got to know they their historical background still has an impact in the societal life of Canada.
The key ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Collection of people urbanized each with possessing its own culture, civilization, and nature. In the
northwest are the Athabasca, Slavey, Dogrib, Touchtone, and Tlingit. The length of the soothing
coast were the Tsimshian; Haida; Salish; Kwakiutl; Nootka; Nisga 'a; Senakw and Gitxsan. In the
basics were the Blackfoot; Káínawa; Sarcee and Peigan. In the northern wooden areas there were
the Cree and Chipewyan. Approximately near the Great Lakes were the Anishinaabe; Algonquin;
Míkmaq; Iroquois and Huron. Near the Atlantic coast were the Beothuk, Maliseet, Innu, Abenaki
and Mi 'kmaq.
Many Canadian Aboriginal civilizations recognized individuality and stamps that built–in enduring
or urban resolution, agriculture, public and monumental, complex societal hierarchies. These people
had evolved and distorted by the occasion of the first enduring European arrival, and have been
brought onward from side to side archaeological study.
There are signs of get in touch with before Christopher Columbus between the first peoples and
those from other different continents. Aboriginal people in Canada interrelated and communicated
with Europeans around 1000 CE, but long–drawn–out get in touch with came after Europeans
established everlasting settlements in the 17th and 18th centuries. In Columbus ' occasion there was
conjecture that other Europeans had completed the trip in very old or modern times. European
printed accounts usually recorded openness of the First

Subarctic Region Essay
Subarctic Region The people of Inuit, Yup'ik, Unangan, and other Native Americans Indians have
lived in the harshest environment on Earth from Siberia, across Alaska and Canada, and to the East
of Greenland along the coast of the Bering Sea and Arctic Ocean. From Labrador to the interior of
Alaska the Athapaskan, Cree, Innu, and other Native's people lived in the subarctic region of the
land. These people had the ability to depend on their years of knowledge of the sky, ice, ocean, land,
and animal behaviors in order to survive. Living in the area that was vast and dealing with seasonal
dynamic extremes these Native people of the Artic and Subarctic had a honorable endurance for an
millennia of exchanged goods, ceremonies, and shared feasts with neighboring goods that has help
them throughout the years.
Research History: Chronology–period/Dates How the first Native people arrived has always been
shrouded with mystery, yet there have been theorists to suggest they came in one way or another.
"Heavily glaciated during the Pleistocene epoch (Ice Age), the early prehistory of Canada mirrors
the withdrawal of the Ice" (Lightfoot 2009: 249). The Laurentide sheet and the smaller Cordilleran
ice sheet had created floors of the Chukchi and the Bering Sea, creating a bridge between Asia and
Alaska. This bridge has been presumed to be the route in which our long ago ancestors first entered
the New World. It was then though Beringa, humans then begun to create settlements all over

Comparing The Innu And Inuit People
In this essay, you'll be informed with interesting facts about both the Innu and Inuit people. The
Innu and Inuit are/were people who lived simple, nomadic lives for many years. You'll be taught
about both group's houses, were they once lived, and how their lives were changed by the white.
The Innu and Inuit had different houses, one had Pit Houses while the other had Wigwams. The Pit
House was built underground. The Inuits also had winter houses, igloos. Pit houses were made
underground. It was actually very big. They were made for one or two families each. The Innu had
Wigwams, which were made above ground. Rather than large homes made underground , the Innu's
lived in large homes above ground. Overall, the Innu and Inuit lived in very different

Animal Wolverine Research Paper
Have you ever heard of the animal, the wolverine? If not sit and listen. The wolverine is the greatest
animal out of the millions in the world. The reason my paragon animal is the best out of every
animal is because the wolverine is an unmovable force that can take on anything three times its size.
Now this amazing creature is a step up from everyday animals like cats, dogs, and fish. It can
survive in many different climates unlike other animals. They can travel for hundreds of miles for
food and to find their mates. These animals have only one mate for their entire lives. So they are
loyal. This animal is known for scaring off many predators including grizzlies, wolves, and the list
goes on. This is just to show their claws are pretty sharp. Many people try to compare it to the wolf,
but the wolverine would destroy it. There is no question that this animal is the top dog over
everybody. Lastly, everyone beware because the wolverine is out and about, so watch your back
next time you go through the woods. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These creatures have been talked about for centuries. They are used in lots of old folktales and
myths. The Indians thought of them as a gateway to the spirit world. They were seen as god like
creatures to many tribes including the most famous for these myths is the Innu tribe. "The
Kuekuatsheu is the Innu Wolverine, a conniving trickster character who lies, cheats, is greedy, and
basically acts completely inappropriately by Innu standards." This quote was by the Native
American Languages. Another myth is that they give you good fortune and will bless your
offspring. This can be seen in a popular anime series called the avatar. As you can see there is more
to these animals than we

Nunatukavut People Case Study
In 2013, the NunatuKavut people started taking action against the hydroelectric project being
constructed on their land. The NunatuKavut Community Council (NCC), Nunatsiavut Government
and Innu Nation came together and requested that the Government of Newfoundland and Labrador
and/or Nalcor clarify how they would proceed with the project. According to Russell, "The physical
integrity of the North Spur [a natural earth embankment that constricts the river at the project
location] was a very serious concern raised by people living in the Lake Melville area and many
feared the potential consequences of flooding once full impoundment of the Muskrat Falls reservoir
took place."
Russell explained how the government should have taken the necessary steps to build trust with the
NunatuKavut people and should have never proceeded without meaningful consultation and ...
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"NunatuKavut means "our land" and we have to keep fighting until people realize that it's not just
about making profit, it's about the land."
Learning wasn't the only to hold a hunger strike for the Muskrat Falls controversy. In October 2016,
a renowned Inuk artist Billy Gauthier began a hunger strike. Two other protesters, Jerry Kohlmeister
and Delilah Saunders, also began hunger strikes. The three moved their protest from Labrador to
Ottawa to draw more attention from the federal government.
Nunatukavut protesters and McLean have publicly said they don't oppose the project itself, but want
to see it done "right" – specifically, clearing the reservoir area to minimize the risk of
methylmercury contamination.
"We hope that all of these protests, hunger strikes, reports and studies will make Nalcor realize that
the land they are working on is integral to the NunatuKavut community and their future," McLean
said. "And we hope they will take the right procedures to minimize any harm and consequences that
could come out of the project in the long

Symbols In Lord Of The Flies Essay
Symbolism in Fiction and Reality Though Golding's work emerged as an allegory for a specific
context, the essential issues of the novel continue to influence our understanding of modern society.
In William Golding's novel, The Lord of the Flies, the conch, Piggy's glasses, and the island help us
understand current human issues. One important symbol Golding explores emerges through the
conch which symbolizes democracy, equality, unity, and order. To present this, Golding uses the
conch representing unity, equality, and democracy throughout the beginning of the novel, then as the
novel progresses the conch shatters. This symbolizes the destruction of the democratic stability of
the people. Throughout the novel, this develops in meaningful ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Piggy's glasses symbolize the struggle for fire which was needed for a signal to help the boys be
rescued, food to be cooked, light during the dark, and warmth during the nights. Through the novel,
this illustrates Golding's view that resources play an important role in getting the attention of others.
Golding's symbolism of Piggy's glasses proves influential today. We see the constant occurrence of
school shootings due to the lack of guns in schools. The 1995 Gun–Free School Zone Act is a
modern connection to the novel similar to Piggy's glasses. "The 1995 Gun–Free School Zone act
was issued to prevent school officials and members of society from carrying licensed guns with
them in public for self defense (Lott Jr.). This gun act symbolizes that a licensed gun cannot be used
as a resource for self defense, whereas in the novel Piggy's glasses were also used as a resource for
self defense. For example, killers will not go to the closest or biggest school to commit murders. In
fact, they will go to the ones that don't have the resources or the means to defend themselves (Lott
Jr.). Golding's illustration of Piggy's glasses allows us to see that the help of resources can make a
big difference, however not everyone is always given that

Residential Schools In Canada
Residential schools first began to appear in Canada in 1831. They were government sponsored
religious schools whose purpose was to teach indigenous children about the Euro– Canadian culture.
The first residential schools we found in New France what is now modern day Quebec. The idea of
residential schools was originally conceived by the Roman Catholic church and the Canadian
government whose idea was to educate and convert indigenous youth so they would know how to
live in the Canadian society. However the outcome of all residential schools was far from this.
Residential schools disrupted families and communities in a huge manner and caused many long
term problems for the kids who attended these schools. During the 1870s both the federal ... Show
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"I hate this place, I hate their teachings and I have grown to hate their culture". Almost all students
like Kaya hated these schools in some cases kids would try to run away but it will result in failure
since their house was probably thousands of kilometers away from the schools. In some extreme
cases some students set their schools of fire. Indigenous parents and communities constantly
protested the school's harsh system. By the early 1940s it was finally obvious to the federal
government that the schools were uneffective the indigenous protest helped to end the involvement
of the catholic church. It wasn't until 1986 when the majority of schools had finally closed its doors.
In 1996 the last residential school was shut down. In the late 1990s the survivors of residential
schools began to push the government for compensation for the violence they had experienced. In
2005 the federal government established a 1.9 billion compensation package for survivors. (The
Canadian Press 2015). In 2008 prime minister offered an apology to the survivors and offered
compensation packages. However he refused to acknowledge the Innu, Inuit and NunatuKavut
people of Newfoundland and Labrador. Because residential schools in the province were set up
before Newfoundland and Labrador joined Confederation. This past November Prime Minister
Trudeau offered a tearful apology to the people Harper did not

Essay On Vikings
Man has always traveled. Some travel for the adventure, others to achieve a long term goal. The
Vikings for example traveled in long boats able to travel the earths most treacherous waters. They
came from Scandinavia and already stormed through Europe making new cities by doing this. Now
they decide to head west across the Atlantic unsure of what dangers may unfold. The Vikings land in
America. Their leader, Thorvald Erikson was a brave explorer and wanted to make America their
home. The vikings thought that they were first people to set foot here. Little did they know that a
tribe known as the Innu had been here long before the vikings. The Innu were descendants of the
first pioneers who came to America 19,000 years before. America was caught ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
For example, the Aztecs believed that they needed to perform human sacrifice in order for the sun to
rise in the morning. They also had strict rules prohibiting drunkenness, theft and adultery.
Meanwhile, in Constantinople, the Hagia Sophia has become the largest cathedral of its day. The
year is 1453 and this city which has avoided attacks for many years is about to crumble. The
Ottomans come under rule by Sultan Mehmet II. He leads a group of 70,000 muslims to the walls of
this city. Inside this city, pepper trade has become a huge change. 1,000 tons of pepper is traded
beyond these walls. Mehmet wanted to try out a new type of technology against Constantinople,
artillery. Mehmet bombarded Constantinople with rocks for 53 days. After he destroyed the city, he
rebuilt it making it Islamic.
30 years after this event in post–Constantinople, Portuguese explorer Bartholomew Piaz searches
for a new route to India. However, Diaz faces a very dangerous choice. This choice could cost him
his crew and even his own life. He could either go into uncharted waters and not know what will
happen or he could risk death on the rocks. He decided to go into uncharted waters and heads for the
South Atlantic Ocean. He ends up getting lost at sea, or so he thought. There was a channel where
he was that made his ship move but location makes it hard to tell. He arrives at the Cape of Good
Hope on October, 12,

Canada's North and Aboriginal Popluation
Canada's North is often seen as the country's national identity. In actuality, it stems far beyond the
isolated land of picturesque vistas used to often describe Canada's rugged landscape. The lived
Canadian environment reflects a regional perspective that does not encompass the true reality of the
country as a whole. The North links the diversity of Indigenous peoples to the land they have
occupied for centuries, a place where they have built their own distinct culture, language and
identity. Those ideals have been increasingly challenged in the twenty–first century, in spite of the
imagined sense of 'Canadianness' in the North but because of the transitioning economy and
environment in the North. This paper will explore the challenges facing Canada's northern resource
economy and the socio–cultural implications on the regions Aboriginal population.
Historically, the national psyche of the "Territorial North" uses the region to define the country to
citizens and the world, with 80% of Canadians linking their national identity to the North (Cric
Papers 4). Canadians have come to see the North as "an idea, not [a] location; a myth, a promise, a
destiny" (Francis 152). The North serves as a land of imagination and a physical challenge for
adventurers, epitomizing the North as a romanticized region (Francis 154) which links the landscape
and environment to an imagined sense of Canadian culture and identity. Beyond the depths of the
imagined North lie three very distinct

Impacts of Historical Globalization.
6 SOCIAL STUDIES 10–1 IMPACTS OF HISTORICAL GLOBALIZATION Prepared by the
Social Studies Department Bishop Carroll High School SOCIAL STUDIES 10–1 IMPACTS OF
HISTORICAL GLOBALIZATION (4 units) |Key Issue: To what extent should we embrace
globalization? | | | |Related Issue 2: To what extent should contemporary society respond to the
legacies of | |historical globalization? ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
d. How does she hope to change the future? I Lost My Talk I lost my talk The talk you took away.
When I was a little girl At Shubenacadie school. You snatched it away: I speak like you I think like
you I create like you The scrambled ballad, about my world. Two ways I talk Both ways I say, Your
way is more powerful. So gently I offer my hand and ask, Let me find my talk So I can teach you
about me. 5. The following is a quotation, from Brian Maracle's book Crazywater in which the
subject is explaining why native alcoholism is connected to the residential schools: "Figure it this
way, over sixty thousand natives were processed through those schools since they started and you
got generation on generation just piled on top and now we're trying to figure out, "What is love?"
How in the hell are you supposed to know how to f–––in' love when you're not given love for ten
months out of every year? It's obvious they don't know how to love. They ran away because they
knew there was something missing. They didn't have it. Same thing with me... The question is not,
"Why do we drink?" Ask first the question, "Do you know how to love?" And you'll find a very thin
line between them because they come from each other. You booze because you can't love and you
booze under the guise of pretending that you can." Why do you think that the experience in a

R V Gladue Case Study
R. v. Gladue The legal principle underlying the decision in R. v. Gladue and echoed in s. 718.2(e) of
the Criminal Code aims to take Aboriginal offenders' unique experiences and circumstances in
consideration in order to seek reasonable sentencing. Such a restorative justice remedy, as it is
called, will sometimes result in a restraint in the imprisonment of Aboriginal offenders. SUMMARY
Jamie Tanis Galdue, the offender, was drinking and celebrating her 19th birthday on September 16,
1995 with friends in Nanaimo, BC. She suspected that the victim, her boyfriend, was having an
affair with her older sister, Tara. Gladue made specific threats that "he was going to get it."
Following a confrontation, the offender stabbed the victim in the chest. She was charged with
second degree murder and ultimately convicted of manslaughter. At her sentencing hearing, the
judge took into account many aggravating factors, such as the fact that the offender was not afraid
of the victim. The court also took into account several mitigating factors, such as her youth, her
status as a mother and the absence of any serious criminal history. She was sentenced to three years
imprisonment. At her trial and at the Court of Appeal for British Columbia the court upheld the
sentence, finding that s. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
v. Gladue, came the Supreme Court decision that restorative justice is extremely crucial to the
justice system in Canada, and that s. 718.2(e) of the Criminal Code applies to Gladue even though
she lives off–reserve, because the larger problem present is the disproportionate number of
Aboriginals in jail. However, they also say that restorative justice isn't the only thing that needs to
be considered when sentencing aboriginals, and that some crimes are serious enough to deserve
traditional punishment and sentencing. In addition, the Supreme Court Judges say that allowing a
new trial solely on the basis of her aboriginal status would not be in the public

Essay on Quebec Nationalism
The question of whether Quebec will secede from Canada to become an independent nation has
been a hot topic in the country for several years now. It dates back to the abortive rebellions of
1837–38. In 1980, a referendum to secede was rejected by a 60–40 margin. Since then though, the
numbers of Quebeckers that want to become sovereign has significantly increased. There is so many
questions of what will happen if this does happen. In this paper I plan to take a deeper look at this
situation and try to figure out what it would actually be like if Quebec was its own country.
The premier of Quebec, Lucien Bouchard has been attempting to separate from Canada for quite
sometime. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They take part in just about all international organizations in existence. Don't get me wrong, there
are also many problems within the Country. For instance the rocky relationship between the
majority and the indigenous people. There is also a great differential of wealth between regions, and
inequalities in personal incomes. Despite all of this, many feel that this is not the reason for Quebec
secession.
Quebec has 24 percent of the total population of Canada, and 25 percent of its Gross National
Product. The majority of Quebec's population is of French descent and language. It reaches
approximately 83 percent of the entire province. About 60 percent of the French voted for secession
in the 1995 referendum, at a remarkably high turn out, 94 percent of the total electorate.
It is noteworthy that of those francophone Quebeckers favoring federalism were the older group
over 50 years of age. However, in the younger age group pro–secessionists had the majority. The
anglophones, allophones, and the indigenous people were all strongly against secession. The
premier of Quebec Lucien Bouchard has in fact stated that there will be another referendum.
Although under Quebec Law this cannot take place until another provincial election has been held.
However, the Government is now more concerned with rebounding Quebec's struggling economy
which has struggled as a result of the political

Autonomy In Aboriginal Community
I believe that increasing the autonomy that individual Indigenous communities have over their
health care system needs to happen to incorporate all the diverse Indigenous cultures. We have seen
in this class that when it comes to Indigenous peoples health issues' need to be addressed by whole
cultural communities rather than dealing with one individual wounds (Chandler & Dunlop, 2015).
This is largely due to the shared cultural wounds communities have from colonization, residential
schooling, and dispossession of knowledge (Wexler, 2016). For example, diabetes prevalence rates
amongst Indigenous peoples across Canada have increased by 70% over the past 15 years (Martin,
2016). However, prior to the 1980s there was no reported incidences of diabetes for Inuit peoples
and none for First Nations prior to the 1950s (Martin, 2016). Similarly, in Northwest Alaska, where
suicide is a big issue amongst the Indigenous communities, there were no recorded youth suicides
until the 1960s (Wexler, 2016). Therefore, allowing communities to make their own decisions would
also prevent a potential mistake of painting all Indigenous communities in Canada with the same
brush to arrive at a one–size–fits–all approach (Chandler & Dunlop, 2015). ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
She refers to her walk as a meshkanu, it is a healing exploration, where she can take time to pay
attention to all the gifts of nature (Black Kettle Films, 2013). In Nunatsiavut, Inuit people see
walking on the sea ice as their medicine, because it gives them a sense of freedom (Durkalec,
Furgal, Skinner & Sheldon, 2015). While both healing methods have strong ties to nature, they are
still two unique acts strongly tied to the individuals' community

The Criminal Justice System [In Canada] Aims To “Deliver
The Criminal Justice System [in Canada] aims to "deliver justice for all, by convicting and
punishing the guilty and helping them to stop offending, while protecting the innocent" (Garside,
2008), however, this definition curated by the Centre for Crime and Justice Studies is inherently
vague and does not encompass numerous vital aspects associated with the criminal justice system. A
key component in the institutional structure of the criminal justice system is the involvement and
integration of the government. In Canada, the government openly plays an integral role in the
formations of policies, regulations, and procedures within the justice system, however, policies,
regulations and procedures that are not directly linked to the criminal ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Interestingly, before European colonization, this Aboriginal community was considerably
prosperous – however, this changed once European colonizers arrived and began to implement
policies (Linden, 2016). The repercussions of colonization along with policies implemented by the
present government continues to damage the prosperity of the Innu. For an example, the entire
settlement was forced to relocate their entire community three times in order to 'improve' economic
conditions (Linden, 2016). In each one of these moves administered by the Federal Government –
the Innu were faced with countless problems. First, the economic 'prosperity' that the moves were
administered for simply did not exist, instead, the Innu found themselves secluded and increasingly
unemployed (Linden, 2016). In addition to low employment rates, the Innu were also isolated from
all of society, as the island they were relocated to was only accessible by air in certain months
(Linden, 2016). New housing developments were not equipped with necessities such as running
water, sewage systems, and electrical outlets. To make matters worse, the Innu were forced (by the
government) to change their traditional governing system (a family–based system) to a single leader

Kannada Language
Session I KANNADA WORD Naanu Neenu Namma Nimma Yaaru Yaavaga Yelli Avaru ENGLISH
WORD Me / I am You Ours Yours Who When Where He / She (with respect). Also they / those
people He / She. This person / these people Place / hometown Name Know Don't know Like Door
Window Chair Table House Come Come(with respect) How SIMPLE SENTENCE Naanu software
engineer. (I am a software engineer) Neenu student. (You are a student) Namma desha Bharata. (Our
country is Bharata). Nimma ooru ABC. (Your home town is ABC) Teacher yaaru? (Who is the
teacher?) Class yaavaga? (When is the class?) Ramu yelli? (Where is Ramu?) Avaru teacher. (He /
She is a teacher) Ivaru Ooru Hesaru Gottu Gottilla Ishta Baagilu Kitaki Kurchi Meju Mane Baa
Banni Hege Ivaru ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
ardha kg beLLuLLi kodi (give me ½ kg of Garlic) 3. kaal kg hasimeNasina kaayi kodi (give me ¼
kg of Green Chilies) 4. ninage yaava tharakaari ista? (which vegetable do you like?) 1. sEbina bele
estu? (what is the cost of apple?) 2. aidhu kg dhraakshi kodi (give me 5 kg's of grapes) 3. seebE
haNNina bele estu? (what is the cost of Guava?) 4. ninage yaava haNNu ista? (Which fruit do you
like?) Ninage yavva baNNa ista? (which color do you like?) WORD Ippatthu Aivatthu Aravatthu
Nooru Hanneradu Hadhimooru HadhinenTu HasimeNasina Kaayi BenDe kaayi Kempu HaLadhi
Hasiru Neeli BiLi tharakaari 20 50 60 100 12 13 18 Green chilly Ladies Finger Red Yellow Green
Blue White Vegetables haNNugaLu Fruits baNNa color Session 5 Vibhakti PrthyayagaLu
VIBHAKTI NAME Prathama VIBHAKTI Appx.MEANING WORDS FORM Vu First Person
Avanu, Reference raamanu SENSTENCES Raamanu raavaNanaanu Konda Avanu officege hoda.
Nannannu kaapaadi Dwitheeya Truteeya Annu Inda Second person reference Third person or
through / from Chaturti Ge To Avanannu, raavaNanannu Avaninda Raamanu baaNadinda
raavaNanannu baaNadinda kondanu Avanige, Naanu nenne Bengaloorige bengaloorige hoagidee.
Nanna, Avana Maneyalli ,avanalli panchami shashTi Sapthami sambhodane AAlli Mine / it's
Within, There Nanna hesaru guru Maneyalli yaaroo ilva? By adding 'a' to the end, one can frame a
question. Ex :– hauda? , Alva?, ilva?, neevu software

Example Of Rhetorical Hyperbole
What happens when one abuses their given basic constitutional rights to the extreme? When
observing the recent actions of NGO giant Greenpeace, this question comes in as a determinant. The
largest forestry enterprise, Resolute Forest Products is indicting Greenpeace of slanderous behaviour
as well as the fabrication of photos, and falsifying evidence. In response to their lawsuit,
Greenpeace states they did not lie but at the time they were engaging in "rhetorical hyperbole".
According to their words in a court gesture, their statements about forest destruction dealt by
Resolute "can be describing figurative, rather than literal destruction." In other words, they are
utilizing the defence of free speech. This isn't the first incident to occur from Greenpeace, as well as
from other NGOs. What these NGOs don't comprehend is whenever they apply the method of using
"exaggerated facts" to reel in donations, it's dealing a lot more damage than they realize. Consider
the following, if the "rhetorical hyperbole" defence is valid; this spells out the legal precedent for
years to come, creating massive negative impacts on company and people relations. Therefore,
exaggerated truths used by NGOs should be made illegal.
Concerning the negative impacts that can stem from using exaggerated truths, misinformation can
wrongly put a bad light on the company and the public. Before the lawsuit, Before the lawsuit,
Greenpeace has been vigorously petitioning Resolute's patrons to embargo its

The Canadian Political Sphere And The Representation Of...
Over the years, political power in Canada has been held by older men of Anglo–Celtic or
Francophone heritage, rather than by females or members of Canada 's ethnic groups. In fact, the
Canadian political sphere is considered a vertical mosaic because different ethnicities, languages,
regional groupings, and religious groupings hold unequal status and power. Indeed, the
representations of women and minority groups has been unproportioned with respect to their
population. Therefore, when there are absences from the decision making process in representation
of these aforementioned groups, there is a big concern in respect to the legitimacy of the political
system. In fact, a third of Canadians express disappointment in respect to the way ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
3 In May of 2011, a federal election took place for Canadian Parliament. Seven MP 's of Metis, Inuit
and First Nations were elected, with four being successful in a later re–election bid. Three of these
people were elected into the House of Commons, which was an incredible achievement for Canada
's aboriginals. Romeo Saganash (First Nation Cree of Waswanipi), Jonathan Genest–Jourdain (Innu
Takuaikan Uashat mak Mani–Utenam Band), Rob Clarke (First Nation Muskeg Lake), Peter
Panashue (First Nation Sheshatshiu Innu), Shelly Glover (Metis), Rod Bruinooge (Metis, and Leona
Aglukkaq (Inuit origin) were the seven elected into the House of Commons (Grenier, 2013).
However, even though this election was a first time achievement for aboriginals in Canada, and was
a step in the proper direction, there are still multiple ways the federal government could improve the
quality of life for these people. According to Canada 's census in 2006, there were 1.2 million
aboriginals living in Canada, but only 2.3% were had seats within the House of Commons. All the
while, aboriginals represented 3.8% of the population. Representation for aboriginal issues,
however, cannot solve the issues that they are facing, even though non–aboriginal MPs are quite
capable of defending their interests in the House of Commons

Imaginary Indian Stereotypes
Shengnan Zhang A91082882 TDGE11 Julie Burelle TA: Melissa Minnifee December 7, 2014
Finding the True Nature of "The Imaginary Indians" There are always something called stereotypes
that deeply rooted in people's mind and widely accepted by the majority of people through the long
history of human civilization and development. Even in the field of cinema and films, stereotypes
for different group of people or different races are formed as time goes by. According to Daniel
Francis, the mainstream cinema shows a great influence in creating and spreading a figure, a
Hollywood stereotypical image of Native Americans, which is called "The Imaginary Indian"
(Francis, D.). As we learnt in the beginning of this course, films are not neutral. They basically ...
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In this paper, the term aesthetic diplomacy, as what Michelle Raheja defines in her book Reservation
Reelism, "operates as a cultural ambassador of sorts, providing a space of mediation for an
individual or community's artistic, cultural, and political concerns on Indigenous terms" (Raheja
19). I argue that the whole film of Manawan youth correcting their lives on the chalkboard
establishes a form of aesthetic diplomacy. To support my claim, I will look into the following scene
of the film. In the beginning of the film, all the youth from Manawan look really upset and
vulnerable as they writing down all the terrible words that the white people used to describe them
such as "Kawish" or savages. One of them said that when they go to the town to buy something, the
town people would always yell at them to go back where they came from and even worth, they
might throw food to Manawan people. As you can see from the above scenes, the English–speaking
white people did not accept aboriginal people such as Atikamekw at that time and they just hated
and showed great contempt for indigenous people just because they speak another language.
However, there is a big

A Research Project On Inuit Of Arctic Canada
Throughout the course of human history epidemic spurts of self–destructive behaviour have posed
both pertinent philosophical and medical problems for societies all across the globe. Presently, in
various ethnic communities spread across the world, rates of suicide, substance abuse, and other
detrimental actions towards oneself display their highest rates among young people (CITE THIS).
While much research has been facilitated on the vast degree and distribution of self–destructive
behaviour, there continues to remain a vast disparity in the academic literature that focuses on the
underlying causes of such action (CITE). My research will attempt to effectively contribute to this
general lack of research–driven information through the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
With specific regards to anthropology, many highly regarded scholars have done, and continue to
do, ethnographic work within Inuit communities. This research, generally ethnographic in nature,
focuses on a plethora of different anthropological issues and attempts to address the growing level
of cultural adversity the people of the Arctic currently face. Interestingly, even the renowned French
anthropologist Marcel Mauss has had a seemingly profound influence on anthropological research
among the Inuit, even though he never in fact visited the Canadian arctic himself during his lifetime
(Inuit Studies 2006).
Although social researchers have done a significant amount of work with the Inuit, a large amount
of said research with communities has in fact resulted in more harm than good (Thomas et el 2011,
165). Due to this detrimental nature, many groups of both Inuit and First nations people alike have
grown increasingly sceptical of researchers who come to facilitate research within their respective
societies. To avoid such negative research impacts, many studies with Native American groups have
adopted a community–based participatory research approach. Community Based Participatory
Research (CBPR) has been presented as an effective way to help alleviate the dichotomous divide
between researchers and communities (Golberg–Freeman et al 2007, in Thomas et al 2011, 167). In
addition to this, the reality that "in

The Environmental Assessment Panel Concluded New Scientific Evidence Would Impact Inuit Health

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The Environmental Assessment Panel Concluded New Scientific Evidence Would Impact Inuit Health