Welcome AGEP Leipzig

1. International Alumni and Students Symposium
͞ŶƚƌĞƉƌĞŶĞƵƌƐ͕ĨŝƌŵƐĂŶĚďƵƐŝŶĞƐƐ
membership organizations: their role in
ƉŽůŝƚŝĐƐĂŶĚĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ͞
Leipzig, Germany, 29thͶ31th October 2014

2. SEPT Activities at a Glance

3. The Role of an Entrepreneur
Economic Leader
Political Leader

4. Symposium Program
2
Day 1: Wednesday, 29th October 2014
Hörsaal 8, Hörsaalgebäude, Universitätsstraße 7, 04109 Leipzig
Registration 09.00
Welcome speech: Purpose and outline of the
event
Prof. Dr. Utz Dornberger
Director SEPT, Leipzig University
09:30
Shaping economic policies: The role of
entrepreneurs and firms
Prof. Dr. Helmut Asche
University of Mainz
10:00
Coffee break 11:00-­‐11:30
Interplay of the private and the public sector:
Obstacles and options
Oliver Griffith
Head of Communications, Europe
International Finance Corporation (World Bank
Group)
11:30
Lunch 12:30-­‐14:00
Entrepreneurs in politics: Cases from different
countries
The case of Thaksin in Thailand
Krittiya Chuenkittivoravat
The case of Chodorkowski in Russland
Ekaterina Protsko
The case of Kennedy Agyapong in Ghana
Leonard Hasu
14:00
Excursion
Visit to Champagne Factory
Rotkäppchen in Freyburg
Bus starts at Augustusplatz
15:00
Arrival to Leipzig 20.00

5. Symposium Program
3
Day 2: Thursday, 30th October 2014
Hörsaal 8, Hörsaalgebäude, Universitätsstraße 7, 04109 Leipzig
Entrepreneurs and their role in
Economic Development
Public Private Dialogue: Approaches
and lessons learnt in Technical
Cooperation
Prof. Dr. Utz Dornberger
International SEPT Program, Leipzig University
Alexandra Oppermann
GIZ, Eschborn
09:00
09:45
Coffee break 10:30-­‐11:00
The role of Business Member
Organisations: Cases from different
countries
The case of Azazgua in Guatemala
Jorge Andrés Chang
The case of Ethiopian Public Private Consultation Form
(EPPCA), Tesfaye Abebe
The case of the Kampala City Traders Association
(KACITA), Catherine Promise Biira
FNCCI promoting energy efficiency in Nepal
Dr. Sanjay Prasad Gorkhali
A case study of political participation of Foreign
Chamber of Commerce in China, Han Li
11:00
Lunch 12:30-­‐14:00
Diaspora Entrepreneurs: How can they
support economic and social
development?
Prof. Dr. Francis Matambalya
Nordic Africa Institute 14:00
Coffee break 15:00-­‐15:30
Initiatives for promoting Diaspora
Entrepreneurship
Indonesian Diaspora -­‐ Future assets of Indonesian
economy, Dianroe Dinaroe
The Case of El Salvador Global
Rodrigo Chicas
15:30-­‐16:00
Alumni reception On the top of the only skyscraper in Leipzig 18:00

6. Alumni -­‐ Day
4
Day 3: Friday, 31th October 2014
Neubau Geisteswissenschaften, Hörsaal 2.010
Initiatives for the involvement of Alumni
in German activities and projects
Introduction:
Prof. Dr. Utz Dornberger, Leipzig University
Partner in market development
Uwe Becher, Conoscope GmbH
iN4iN ʹ Network, www.in4in.net
Peter Sommer, Leipzig University
09:00
Coffee break 10:30-­‐11:00
Group work
Group 1: Training and consulting opportunities
through iN4iN Network
Moderator: Peter Sommer
Group 2: Partner in market development
Moderator: Uwe Becher
Group 3: Joint study programs
Moderator: Prof. Utz Dornberger
Group 4: Technology Transfer on cooperation
between University and Private Sector
Moderator: Alfredo Suvelza
11:00
Lunch 12:30-­‐14:00
Presentation of the group work results 14:00
Coffee break 15:30-­‐16:00
Feedback and closing Evaluation of the international seminar
Official closing of the event 16:00-­‐17:00
Optional activity Visiting Leipzig by night 18:00

7. Shaping economic policies: The
role of entrepreneurs and firms
International Alumni and Students Symposium
October 29, 2014
Helmut Asche
U Mainz, formerly U Leipzig

8. Outline
‡ Entrepreneurs in development economics: a short review of not
very much
‡ The 3 stages of state ± market, aka: government ± firm relations
‡ End of stage 3: entrepreneurship in DCs still treated as a given
‡ And: taking part in policy shaping not considered
‡ Yet: arguably a core function of modern business
‡ +RZWKHQFRQFHLYHHQWUHSUHQHXUVµUROHLQSROLWLFV
‡ w/ ref to (a) institutions, (b) process, (c) content
‡ 5HIWRFRQFHSWRIÄHPEHGGHGDXWRQRP³RIVWDWHEXUHDXFUDFZ
I. opaque model of state ± private firm collusion
II. theoretical model of perfect strategic dialogue
III. practical hybrids, in-between.
‡ Question: where to slot actual cases, incl those discussed here
Helmut Asche, U Mainz, Oct 29 2014 2

9. Outline II
Emerging consensus on New Industrial Policy (NIP) provides insights
on process and contents of private sector inputs into policies and what
firms get in return. On process:
‡ Collective search of public authorities and firms for investment
opportunities + obstacles to realise them (= market + state failures
to be remedied)
‡ Instead of top-down planning + governments Äpicking winners³
‡ Resulting in smart support for firms
‡ Plus iterating policy cycles based on continuous ME
On likely contents:
1. Helping to identify most binding constraints for enterprise dev and
economic growth, see decision-making tree:
Helmut Asche, U Mainz 3

10. Growth Diagnostics (following Hausmann/Rodrik)
Helmut Asche, U Mainz 4

11. Outline III
2. General economic policy signalling by private sector
(case: on optimal exchange rate)
3. Strat. reasoning on sector policy + suitability for private sector
4. Advice on specific inputs needed: inter-industry or public goods
like tailor-made market information, research, training
Most of the topics are Ätriple-S specific³VXE-)sectors, spaces, (firm)
size matter.
Helmut Asche, U Mainz 5

12. Outline IV
Finally: constraints for private sector shaping of economic policies in
developing countries?
‡ Dearth of entrepreneurs and their capacity to fulfil second order
tasks like policy shaping
‡ Depending on firm-internal resources, and on degree of extra-firm
organisation: role of business associations
‡ Possible remedies for Äsmall 1³of entrepreneurs: e.g. involve
foreign investors and diaspora in more targeted way
‡ Also banks, if financial sector had not own problem of taking part in
strategic dialogue
Helmut Asche, U Mainz 6

13. Conclusion
‡ Role of entrepreneurs and firm management in economic policy-shaping
still largely underexplored
‡ Same for related capacity building needs
Hence looking very much forward to this symposium and its results!
Thank you for listening.
Helmut Asche, U Mainz 7

14. Oliver Griffith
Head of Communications
IFC Western Europe
Leipzig University
1
INTERPLAY OF THE PRIVATE
AND PUBLIC SECTORS
OBSTACLES AND OPTIONS
October 29, 2014

15. 2

16. 3

17. 4

18. 5

19. 6

20. 7

21. Falling Finance to Developing Countries Has
Made Development Banks More Critical
8
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
-­‐200
Capital Flows
as % GDP
(right scale)
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011e 2012f 2013f
FDI Portfolio equity
M/L term bonds M/L term bank lending
Short term debt
8
6
4
2
$Billions
Percent

22. IFI Financial Commitments to the Private Sector
9
Have Grown Significantly in Recent Years
45
40
35
30
US$ Billion Other MDBs EDFI OPIC EIB EBRD IFC
25
20
15
10
5
0
91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10

23. From the Growth Commission, the Common
Characteristics of High, Sustained Growth Include Both
Essential Public and Private Sector Activities
10
Common
Characteristics
of High,
Sustained
Growth
͞'ŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚ
provides the
environment for
growth, but it is
the private sector
that invests and
creates wealth for
ƚŚĞƉĞŽƉůĞ͘͟
(Quoted in the
Growth
Commission
Report)

24. The Investment Climate Must Often Be Improved
To Accompany Increased Private Sector Activity
Important Investment Climate Areas
‡ Stability and security ʹ including property rights,
contract enforcement and reducing crime
‡ Regulation and taxation ʹ including streamlining
procedures, reducing barriers to entry and exit
‡ Effective finance and infrastructure
‡ Skilled and adaptive worker and labor markets
11

25. But the Public Sector Cannot Act Alone: The
Private Sector Drives Growth and Creates Jobs
‡Drives growth via higher productivity and
knowledge transfer
‡Provides over 90 percent of jobs in developing
countries
‡Also helps improve public services
‡And ultimately provides most of the tax
revenues the public sector needs
Source: Paths Out of Poverty 12

26. 'ƌŽǁƚŚŝƐƐƐŽĐŝĂƚĞĚǁŝƚŚWŽǀĞƌƚLJZĞĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ͙
13
Poverty Reduction vs Growth 1981-­‐2005
Headcount Poverty
Reduction pa ($1.25)
8.0%
7.0%
6.0%
5.0%
4.0%
3.0%
2.0%
1.0%
0.0%
E Asia
India
SSA
-­‐0.5% 1.5% 3.5% 5.5% 7.5% 9.5%
GDP per capita growth per annum
Source: World Development Indicators. Povcalnet
China
S Asia
M East
Lat Am
Poverty Reduction vs. Growth for 92
Countries, 1980 ± 2005*
*Source: Martin Ravallion, World Bank Policy Research
Working Paper 4947, June 2009. Note: Chart shows rate of
change in $2/day poverty for 92 countries based on earliest and
latest household surveys available over 1980 to about 2005.
Average years between surveys is 13.

27. ͙And Recent Research Points to Characteristics
for More Inclusive Growth
‡ Greater equality of income, opportunities, assets, and
access to services helps ability of poor to participate
‡ Geographic and sectoral patterns of growth matter, e.g.
growth where poor people live and sectors where they
work
‡ Successful growth usually means many poor people
moving to places/sectors where there are jobs, often in
urban settings.
There is growing recognition that private businesses can
play an important role in providing products, services and
economic opportunities tailored to the poor
14

28. The Private Sector Is Also Important For Access to
Essential Services, Providing Global Goods, and
Generating Tax Revenues
Private Participation in Infrastructure by Sector
Telecom
Energy
Transport
Water and
sewerage
0.8%
0.7%
0.6%
0.5%
0.4%
0.3%
0.2%
0.1%
0.0%
-­‐0.1%
(% GDP)
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Source: PPI database
‡ Global Goods: Addressing Food Security, Climate
15
Change, and Environmental Sustainability
‡ Tax revenues from firms and employees

29. Overall, There is an Important Private Sector,
Public Sector Synergy
(3)
Entrepreneurial
Culture ʹ
Increased
Financial
Intermediation
(4)
Dynamic
Private Sector
ʹ Increased
Private
Investment
(5)
Increased
Productivity ʹ
Economic
Growth
(6)
Wealth
Formation
(7)
Government
Revenues
(10)
Higher
Education ʹ
Civic
Engagement
(2)
Conducive
Business
Environment ʹ
Institutional
reforms
(8)
Public
Investment in
Physical and
Social
Infrastructure
(1)
Better Public
Governance ʹ
Greater
Public-­‐Private
Cooperation
(9)
Human Capital
Development
ʹEconomic
Inclusion
Indicative Virtuous Circle:
Government Enables More
Effective Private Sector ʹ
Private Sector Enables More
Effective Government

30. Enterprise Surveys Indicate Top Obstacles for Firm
Growth Include Access to Finance, Infrastructure,
Investment Climate, and Worker Skills
17
Percent of Firms Indicating the Item is a Top Obstacle to Firm Operation and Growth

31. Obstacles are Greater in Lower Income
Countries and the More Difficult Environments
Where Poor People Often Live and Work
18
Percent of Firms Viewing
Access to Finance as a Major
Obstacle
Source: World Bank Enterprise Surveys
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Low Income Middle Income High Income
Major Constraint -­‐ Electricity
small(20) medium(20-­‐99) large(100 and over)
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Low Income Middle Income High Income
Small (20 employees) Medium (20-­‐99) Large (100 and over)
Percent of Firms Viewing
Access to Electricity as a Major
Obstacle

32. Doing Business
19
Methodology. There are ten key methodologies examined in Doing Business reports.
These include:
Starting a Business Dealing with Construction Permits
Getting Electricity Registering Property
Getting Credit Protecting Investors
Paying Taxes Trading Across Borders
Enforcing Contracts Resolving Insolvency
Visit the Doing Business website, www.doingbusiness.org, for
information on the questionnaire instruments behind each
methodology and for Doing Business 2015 results, released today.

33. Doing Business 2014
Economy Rankings. Economies are ranked on their ease of doing business, from 1 ʹ 189.
A high ranking on the ease of doing business index means the regulatory environment is
more conducive to the starting and operation of a local firm. This index averages the
country's percentile rankings on 10 topics, made up of a variety of indicators, giving equal
weight to each topic. The rankings for all economies are benchmarked to June 2013.
(Germany ranked 21)
Top Ten Economies 2014 Bottom Ten Economies 2014
1. Singapore 180. Guinea-­‐Bissau
2. Hong Kong SAR, China 181. Venezuela, RB
3. New Zealand 182. Myanmar
4. United States 183. Congo, Dem. Rep.
5. Denmark 184. Eritrea
6. Malaysia 185. Congo, Rep.
7. Korea, Rep. 186. South Sudan
8. Georgia 187. Libya
9. Norway 188. Central African Republic
10. United Kingdom 189. Chad
20

34. Private Sector IFIs Address The Private Sector Gaps In
These Difficult Environments By Providing Finance and
Knowledge and Catalyzing Others
‡ Providing finance to private companies that lack sufficient
access to private capital
‡ Providing related advisory products to bring in scarce
knowledge
± improve the investment climate
± improve project performance and impact
± facilitate privatization
± enhance environmental, social and corporate governance effectiveness
‡ Providing comfort in difficult environments to bring in other
investors
‡ Demonstrating the viability of private solutions in difficult or
new areas
21

35. IFI Private Sector Finance Tends to Be
Concentrated Where Private Capital is Scarce ʹ
Ğ͘Ő͘ŝŶ,ŝŐŚĞƌZŝƐŬZĞŐŝŽŶƐ͙
IFI 2009 Regional Private Sector Commitments as a Percent of Regional Gross Equity and
Percent
Long Term Debt Flows to the Private Sector*
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Africa M East/N Africa All Regions
*For this chart trade finance is not included
Source: IFI private sector database, Global Development Finance

36. ͙And In Products With Longer Maturities -­‐-­‐ Often
Beyond the Risk Appetite of Private Capital
23
Percent of International Syndications to the Private Sector in Developing Countries
Where an IFI Participated, by Country Income Level and Maturity, 2007-­‐2010
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
1 up to 5 years 5 up to 10 years 10 or more years
Lower
Lower Middle
Upper Middle
BRICT*
Maturity
Percent
Country Income
Analyzed from Loanware data. *Includes Turkey

37. IFI Finance is Particularly Needed in Times of
Crisis ʹ When Private Capital Retreats
24
Private Sector Development Institutions Commitments
to the Private Sector and Global Gross Flows to the Private Sector
$Billions $Billions
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
All IFIs
(Left Scale)
Global Flows
(Right Scale)
Source: IFI private sector database, Global Development Finance

38. IFIs Help Bring in Other Finance, and Contribute
Knowledge and Risk Mitigation Beyond That Provided by
Commercial Institutions
Environmental, social issues input
Global Knowledge
Government relationships
Ability to mobilize capital from additional sources
Ability to provide financing not readily available elsewhere
Perceived stamp of approval overall
The maturity of the financing provided
Technical expertise of staff
Financial structuring and innovation
Competitiveness of funding package
Speed of Processing
Local presence
-­‐10% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%
Percent of clients rating IFI performance above average or high compared to commercial bank
25
Performance of IFIs versus Commercial Banks for Private Sector Clients
Source: IFC Survey

39. IFIs Also Promote High Business Standards
26
Example: IFC Equator Principles
‡ Description: Voluntary guidelines for banks to
manage environmental and social issues with
borrowers.
‡ IFI Additionality: IFC initiated and led drafting and
implementation of guidelines
‡Results:
±70 financial institutions have adopted the
principles, 17 from emerging markets.
±About 53% of project finance debt in emerging
markets in 2009 was subject to Equator Principles.

40. IFC Performance Standards
Performance Standard 1: Assessment and Management of Environmental and
Social Risks and Impacts
Performance Standard 2: Labor and Working Conditions
Performance Standard 3: Resource Efficiency and Pollution Prevention
Performance Standard 4: Community Health, Safety, and Security
Performance Standard 5: Land Acquisition and Involuntary Resettlement
Performance Standard 6: Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Management
of Living Natural Resources
Performance Standard 7: Indigenous Peoples
Performance Standard 8: Cultural Heritage
27
Together, the eight Performance Standards establish standards that the client1 is to
meet throughout the life of an investment by IFC:

41. A Few Case Studies From the IFI Report of How
IFIs Help Development
‡ Extending mobile phone to rural areas of Papua New
Guinea
‡ PPPs in Senegal fostering essential infrastructure for
growth, including airport, power, toll road, port
‡ Mortgages to expand home ownership to low-­‐income
families in Jordan
‡ Equity investments to create jobs in Egypt
‡ Insurance and finance for small farmers in South Africa
‡ Slum redevelopment with free housing for slum
dwellers in India
‡ Microloans and training for street vendors in Brazil
‡ The first geothermal power project in Africa
28

42. Annex: Details of Case Studies
Mentioned in This Presentation
29

43. 30
ADB: Communication, Papua New Guinea
‡ Description: Digicel Ltd. will expand mobile network to 500
sites from 400, mostly rural.
‡ IFI Investment: $18 million loan
‡ IFI Additionality: Finance to region that lacks investment in
key sectors of the economy
‡ Results:
оConnecting communities that have had no access to
telecommunications
оImproving safety through better natural disaster alerts;
improving schooling as teachers avoid traveling large
distances to banks

44. ‡ Description: Simultaneous development and financing of
infrastructure PPP projects in Dakar: Blaise-­‐Diagne Airport, Power
Project, Toll Road, and Container Terminal
‡ IFI Investment: Φ190 mil, with Φ50 mil from the African Dev. Fund,
Φ494 mil from DFIs and commercial banks (Total cost: Φ1.2 billion)
‡ IFI Additionality: Enhance financial economic viability of projects at
height of financial crisis; optimize transaction costs for the country,
sponsors, and co-­‐financiers
‡ Results:
о Airport: Meets forecast air traffic demand, enhances trade regional
integration, creates 1,000 direct construction jobs 400 during operations, taxes
о Power plant: Increases by 40% the electricity generation in Senegal, decreases
by 20% the generation costs
о Toll road: Reduces transport costs, improves urban mobility, improves
environment for 300,000 people, serves as base for Trans-­‐West African Highway
о Port: Access to global supply chains, improves efficiency and lowers the prices of
imported and exported goods
31
AfDB: Senegal Integrated Infrastructure Approach

45. 32
OPIC: Mortgage Facilities for Families, Jordan
‡ Description: Enabling three banks in Jordan to expand
home ownership for low-­‐income families. JV by the
Middle East Investment Initiative and the Cooperative
Housing Foundation is the sponsor
‡ IFI Investment: $250 million over the three banks
‡ IFI Additionality: The sponsor will provide technical
oversight, working with the banks to review policies and
origination and servicing procedures
‡ Results: Will enable the banks to introduce 25-­‐year, fixed-­‐
rate mortgages to lower-­‐income households in Jordan.

46. 33
EIB: Sphinx Turnaround Fund, Egypt
‡ Description: First private equity fund for Egyptian
companies in distress or default or in need of restructuring
‡ IFI Investment: $31 million out of $57 million
‡ IFI Additionality: IFI presence critical in catalyzing other
funding
‡ Results:
оCreate value by restructuring companies that
otherwise would likely be liquidated
оStrong pipeline and first investment completed in
pharmaceutical sector with an expected 1,150 jobs
created

47. DEG: Finance for Rural Agriculture, South Africa
‡ Description: Farmsecure Holdings to provide finance for
farmers, including insurance and innovative securities
structure for the banks involved; TA for land use, production
and marketing; part of Agro-­‐Africa Initiative with Standard
Chartered Bank
‡ IFI Investment: Guarantee to a maximum of Euro 9 million
‡ IFI Additionality: Innovative financing solutions for farmers
where capital is scarce
‡ Results:
34
оFarmers and agricultural businesses can increase
competitiveness
оEuro 7 million in government revenues and 1,500
employees

48. FMO: Kumar Urban Development Limited, India
‡ Description:
оReal estate company in Pune participating in slum rehabilitation
scheme
оPart of the slum area will be used to build high-­‐rise blocks to
house existing slum dwellers without charge
оOther parts will be used to build commercial houses and offices
‡ IFI Investment: $30 million
‡ IFI Additionality: Company could tap into long-­‐term offshore
funding and DFIs for $50 million
‡ Results:
оImproved living conditions of at least 25,000 people with
delivery of 4,700 free houses
оImprovement in environmental and social performance with
focus on resettlement and working conditions

49. 36
IDB: Microloans and Training for Street Vendors
and Other Informal Food Sellers, Brazil
‡ Description: KŶĞŽĨƌĂnjŝů͛ƐůĞĂĚŝŶŐǁŚŽůĞƐĂůĞĐŽŵƉĂŶŝĞƐŝƐ
offering microloans and training to help food entrepreneurs
access supplies and knowledge
‡ IFI Investment: $10 million loan for microloan program and
$270,000 grant for training
‡ IFI Additionality: Finance and training not readily accessible
‡ Results:
оAn estimated 55,000-­‐90,000 micro-­‐entrepreneurs will
participate in state of Sao Paulo
оModel is potentially replicable with retailers throughout
the region and in other sectors

50. 37
DEG Climate Change Case: Geothermal Power Plant,
Kenya
‡ Description: Geothermal power plant expansion from 13 to 48
MW. This is the only privately owned geothermal power plant
in Africa
‡ IFI Investment: $40 million loan; also arranging debt financing
of $105 million; Emerging Africa Infrastructure Fund, FMO,
Proparco, KfW and EFP also participate
‡ IFI Additionality: Facilitates innovative technology in Africa,
pioneering new markets
‡ Results:
оDemonstrates technology with promise of supplying energy
for 12 African countries
оReduced dependence on carbon fuels