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Content Migrations: Getting from A to B
• Author of Website Migration Handbook v2
• First large migration: World Bank (1,000+
  subsites)
• Consults to large and medium
  organizations

• David guides complex website
  transformations.
Deane Barker
• Working in content management since 1996
• Founding partner in Blend Interactive
• Board member of Content Management
  Professionals
Planning vs. Technical
• The planning process encompasses the
  entire scope of your migration effort
• The technical process is just one very
  critical part of this process
Agenda
• David will discuss the larger planning
  process
  – Break
• Deane will follow with a discussion about
  the specific technical challenges
  – End at 4:00 p.m.
  – Deane and David will be available for
    discussion until 5:00 p.m.
Ask Questions
Content Migrations: Getting from A to B
It’s painful.

  [The End]
Requirements for Transfer
• You know
  – …what is being moved
  – …how it has to change on the way over
  – …how it fits back together on the other side
Agenda
•   Original Content vs. Derived Content
•   Content Geography
•   The Four Tasks of Content Transfer
•   Automated vs. Manual Import
•   The Automated Import Process
•   QA Automation
Content Migrations: Getting from A to B
Some HTML has to be moved.

Some HTML will be generated by
 your new system as content is
          imported.
Content Migrations: Getting from A to B
Index Pages vs. Content Pages
Content Migrations: Getting from A to B
Content Migrations: Getting from A to B
Many pages on your new site are
not rendered via content, but via
         development.
Before you begin transfer, make
 sure you know which pages are
derived and you have made plans
  to generate those in the new
             system.
Content Migrations: Getting from A to B
Content has different levels of
          “geography”

Some content is very specifically
 placed, while other content is
   automatically organized.
Home



       Products          About



Product A    Product B   History
Press
Release
Highly-geographical content is
   much harder to migrate.

You have to migrate both the
 content and the placement.
Pop Quiz:
Why are blogs so
easy to migrate?

No geography.
Lots of derived
index pages.
Hierarchical content
requires you to
determine and
transfer structure
Stub Mapping
                    Home



         Products          About



   Product A   Product B   History




Existing                                                 Home     New

                                              Products          About



                                       Product A    Product B   History
The Path to Stub Mapping
• “We need to codify the new website
  structure…”
• “…let’s just store this in the new CMS…”
• “…and let’s store the old URL, just for
  reference…”
• “…and…can we just use that old URL to
  transfer the content?”
Content Migrations: Getting from A to B
The Four Tasks
•   Extract
•   Transform
•   Import
•   Normalize

• We can generalize about the first two
    – Extract and transform are platform-agnostic
#1: Extract
• Get content out of the existing system
• Break content into its necessary components
• Store in a neutral format
  – XML, usually
Content Migrations: Getting from A to B
Migrating out of a CMS is a lot
 easier than the alternative.

 CMS enforces at least some
       consistency.
Are you going to extract from the
repository level or the publication
               level?
Repository vs. Publication Extraction


                          HTML
   Repository



                Processing
You may need to make changes to
 your old site to make extraction
    easier or more complete.
You do not have to wait for
       anything to do this.

You can start extraction on the very
  day you decide to migrate your
             website.
#2: Transform
•   Modify extracted content
•   Fix legacy problems with the content
•   Adapt content to fit the new architecture
•   Neutralize idiosyncrasies in the content
Content Transformation
Common Transformations
Common Transformations
#3: Import
• Move post-transformed content from a
  neutral format into the new system
• This is different for every CMS
• This capability should be part of the
  evaluation process
#4: Normalize
• Fix problems that are only “fixable” once
  content is in its new home
• Ex:
  – Relationship reconstruction
  – URL resolution
  – Navigation reconstruction
Content Migrations: Getting from A to B
Content relationships can
 introduce chicken-egg
       problems.
How will URLs change on the new
           platform?

If you content is interlinked how
 are you going to keep all those
           links valid?
Embedded URLs
Embedded URL Resolution
• If you have embedded URLs, they are now
  broken.
• How do you “re-connect” these URLs to the
  correct content?
• Usually performed as some kind of batch
  job.
  – You rarely get 100% accuracy.
  – Prepare to catch the remainder in QA.
Always store the old URL for a
  migrated page of content.
How it Works
• Iterate over every piece of content…
• …then iterate over every single property
  looking for anything that might contain
  links…
• …then iterate over all those links looking
  for the new content holding that old link…
• …then correct the link.
Once migrated, use the old URL to
 do a lookup in your 404 handler.
If you can preserve binary file
URLs, do so. Your new CMS will
     likely make this easier.
Depending on
volume, menu
reconstruction might be
a manual process.
Content Migrations: Getting from A to B
What is the actual mechanism of
          movement?

       Copy-and-paste?
         Automated?
When Copy-and-Paste Works
•   When you don’t have a lot of content
•   When you have access to cheap labor
•   When your content is highly geographic
•   When you cannot automate transformation
•   When you have enough resources for
    sufficient QA
When Automated Migration Works
• When you have large volumes of content
• When your content is not highly-geographic
• When you have sufficient technology and/or
  development resources
You don’t have to use the same
method for your entire project.
Content Migrations: Getting from A to B
Automated Migration Tools
• Great answer to the Transfer phase
• Less of an answer to everything else
• They still have to be configured and tested
The Promise:

You will be able to develop a
 script that will reduce your
 migration to a button-click.
The Promise:

You will run this script, need to do
nothing else, then launch your new
              website.
The Value-Add
• A scripting environment
• Tested tools for:
  – Extraction
  – Transformation
  – Import (maybe…)
• Professional services

             $$$$
Automated Migration Process
• Develop automated migration script
    –   Configure
    –   Execute
    –   Evaluate
    –   (Repeat)
•   Accept a cycle “as good as is reasonable”
•   Perform necessary manual editing
•   Re-do changes during content freeze
•   Launch
Automated migrations are highly
          iterative.

  Configure-Execute-Evaluate
Automated Migration Cycle
            Weeks? Months?                        Days? Minutes?




Configure   Execute          Evaluate               Manual
                                                                   Launch
                                                    Editing




              Iterate
              again…             “As good as is
                                 reasonable…”
Once you accept the output of a
 migration cycle, you are in a
        content freeze
Handling a Content Freeze
• Don’t change any content on the existing
  site
• Track changes so they can be re-changed on
  the new site
Content Migrations: Getting from A to B
Ideally, track the QA process
   inside the CMS itself.
Content Migrations: Getting from A to B
Content Migrations: Getting from A to B
Content Migrations: Getting from A to B
• WEB
  http://gadgetopia.com

• TWITTER
  @gadgetopia

• EMAIL
  deane@blendinteractive.com

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Content Migrations: Getting from A to B

  • 2. • Author of Website Migration Handbook v2 • First large migration: World Bank (1,000+ subsites) • Consults to large and medium organizations • David guides complex website transformations.
  • 3. Deane Barker • Working in content management since 1996 • Founding partner in Blend Interactive • Board member of Content Management Professionals
  • 4. Planning vs. Technical • The planning process encompasses the entire scope of your migration effort • The technical process is just one very critical part of this process
  • 5. Agenda • David will discuss the larger planning process – Break • Deane will follow with a discussion about the specific technical challenges – End at 4:00 p.m. – Deane and David will be available for discussion until 5:00 p.m.
  • 8. It’s painful. [The End]
  • 9. Requirements for Transfer • You know – …what is being moved – …how it has to change on the way over – …how it fits back together on the other side
  • 10. Agenda • Original Content vs. Derived Content • Content Geography • The Four Tasks of Content Transfer • Automated vs. Manual Import • The Automated Import Process • QA Automation
  • 12. Some HTML has to be moved. Some HTML will be generated by your new system as content is imported.
  • 14. Index Pages vs. Content Pages
  • 17. Many pages on your new site are not rendered via content, but via development.
  • 18. Before you begin transfer, make sure you know which pages are derived and you have made plans to generate those in the new system.
  • 20. Content has different levels of “geography” Some content is very specifically placed, while other content is automatically organized.
  • 21. Home Products About Product A Product B History
  • 23. Highly-geographical content is much harder to migrate. You have to migrate both the content and the placement.
  • 24. Pop Quiz: Why are blogs so easy to migrate? No geography. Lots of derived index pages.
  • 25. Hierarchical content requires you to determine and transfer structure
  • 26. Stub Mapping Home Products About Product A Product B History Existing Home New Products About Product A Product B History
  • 27. The Path to Stub Mapping • “We need to codify the new website structure…” • “…let’s just store this in the new CMS…” • “…and let’s store the old URL, just for reference…” • “…and…can we just use that old URL to transfer the content?”
  • 29. The Four Tasks • Extract • Transform • Import • Normalize • We can generalize about the first two – Extract and transform are platform-agnostic
  • 30. #1: Extract • Get content out of the existing system • Break content into its necessary components • Store in a neutral format – XML, usually
  • 32. Migrating out of a CMS is a lot easier than the alternative. CMS enforces at least some consistency.
  • 33. Are you going to extract from the repository level or the publication level?
  • 34. Repository vs. Publication Extraction HTML Repository Processing
  • 35. You may need to make changes to your old site to make extraction easier or more complete.
  • 36. You do not have to wait for anything to do this. You can start extraction on the very day you decide to migrate your website.
  • 37. #2: Transform • Modify extracted content • Fix legacy problems with the content • Adapt content to fit the new architecture • Neutralize idiosyncrasies in the content
  • 41. #3: Import • Move post-transformed content from a neutral format into the new system • This is different for every CMS • This capability should be part of the evaluation process
  • 42. #4: Normalize • Fix problems that are only “fixable” once content is in its new home • Ex: – Relationship reconstruction – URL resolution – Navigation reconstruction
  • 44. Content relationships can introduce chicken-egg problems.
  • 45. How will URLs change on the new platform? If you content is interlinked how are you going to keep all those links valid?
  • 47. Embedded URL Resolution • If you have embedded URLs, they are now broken. • How do you “re-connect” these URLs to the correct content? • Usually performed as some kind of batch job. – You rarely get 100% accuracy. – Prepare to catch the remainder in QA.
  • 48. Always store the old URL for a migrated page of content.
  • 49. How it Works • Iterate over every piece of content… • …then iterate over every single property looking for anything that might contain links… • …then iterate over all those links looking for the new content holding that old link… • …then correct the link.
  • 50. Once migrated, use the old URL to do a lookup in your 404 handler.
  • 51. If you can preserve binary file URLs, do so. Your new CMS will likely make this easier.
  • 52. Depending on volume, menu reconstruction might be a manual process.
  • 54. What is the actual mechanism of movement? Copy-and-paste? Automated?
  • 55. When Copy-and-Paste Works • When you don’t have a lot of content • When you have access to cheap labor • When your content is highly geographic • When you cannot automate transformation • When you have enough resources for sufficient QA
  • 56. When Automated Migration Works • When you have large volumes of content • When your content is not highly-geographic • When you have sufficient technology and/or development resources
  • 57. You don’t have to use the same method for your entire project.
  • 59. Automated Migration Tools • Great answer to the Transfer phase • Less of an answer to everything else • They still have to be configured and tested
  • 60. The Promise: You will be able to develop a script that will reduce your migration to a button-click.
  • 61. The Promise: You will run this script, need to do nothing else, then launch your new website.
  • 62. The Value-Add • A scripting environment • Tested tools for: – Extraction – Transformation – Import (maybe…) • Professional services $$$$
  • 63. Automated Migration Process • Develop automated migration script – Configure – Execute – Evaluate – (Repeat) • Accept a cycle “as good as is reasonable” • Perform necessary manual editing • Re-do changes during content freeze • Launch
  • 64. Automated migrations are highly iterative. Configure-Execute-Evaluate
  • 65. Automated Migration Cycle Weeks? Months? Days? Minutes? Configure Execute Evaluate Manual Launch Editing Iterate again… “As good as is reasonable…”
  • 66. Once you accept the output of a migration cycle, you are in a content freeze
  • 67. Handling a Content Freeze • Don’t change any content on the existing site • Track changes so they can be re-changed on the new site
  • 69. Ideally, track the QA process inside the CMS itself.
  • 73. • WEB http://gadgetopia.com • TWITTER @gadgetopia • EMAIL deane@blendinteractive.com