World History Summary for Zoey and Kaya

World History Summary
for Zoey and Kaya
Created by GrandBob
Muse
Grandma

Summary Slides
from World History
including Patterns, Lessons, Trends, Questions

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This is a summary of World History for Zoey and Kaya

Migration Out of Africa
<- Origin

Patterns, Lessons, Trends, Questions
Valuable References: Captivating History (188 Books) free with Kindle Unlimited
Many Valuable Videos from modern “Epimetheus” Greek Titan Epimetheus
with examples from Plagues, Civil Rights, and Pirates

Patterns and Lessons in History
One reason for studying history is to discover patterns that can be used to
understand currents events. A famous quote from philosopher George Santayana:
"Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it"
Pattern 3 Empires Collapse -> Smaller States
Western Roman Empire -> German States
Zhou Dynasty -> Warring States
Han Dynasty -> Three Kingdoms
Mongol Empire -> 4 Independent Khanat
Russian Empire -> Many Independent Countries
British India -> India, Pakistan, Bangladesh
Lesson 3: The collapse of empires doesn’t necessarily improve peoples lives
Pattern 1: Empires Rise, Grow Strong, Weaken, Collapse
Persian Empire 
Roman Empire
Chinese Dynastie
Ottoman Empires
European Empires
Lesson 1 : Even the mightiest empires eventually fall
Pattern 2: Civil Wars are Common Bloody Conﬂicts
Roman Civil Wars
Many Rebellion in China
US Civil War (Confederate Rebellion)
Mexican Revolution
Communist Revolution in Russia
Communist Revolution in China
Lesson 2: Don’t rebel unless theris no alternative
Rebellion = Lost
Revolution = Won
RUSSIA
RUSSIA
Invade?
Napoleon
Hitler

Patterns in History (continued
understand currents events. A famous quote from American author
MarTwain:”History doesn’t repeat but it often rhymes”
Pattern 6: Religions go from many Gods -> One Holy Figure with demons, angels, saints, etc.
Roman Gods -> Christianity
Hinduism -> Buddhis
Chinese Traditional Gods -> Buddhism
Arabian Gods -> Islam
Lesson 6: Provides a sharper focus and simpliﬁes messaging to believers
Pattern 5: Religions Split into Divergent Sects
Catholic vrs. Protestants
Sunni Muslims vs Shiite Muslims
Orthodox Jews vs Reform Jews
Shiva vs Vishnu Hindu Followers
Hinayana vs Mahayana Buddhists
Lesson 5: Religions are human creations
Pattern 4: Religions often are allied with Rulers
Roman Religions and Emperors
Islam and Caliphs
Buddhist Priest and Chinese Emperors
Shinto and Japanese Emperors
Catholic Priests and Kings
Lesson 4: Separation of church and state is a good idea
Augustus
Charlemagne
Roman Empire
Holy Roman Empire

Patterns in History (continued)
understand currents events. A famous quote from philosopher Karl Marx: “History
repeats itself first as tragedy then as farce”
Pattern 7: Culture developers -> Successor Military Powers
Athens _> Macedonia
Greece -> Rome
Arabs -> Turks
China -> Japan
Europe -> US
Lesson 7: Cultural leadership doesn’t guarantee military success
Pattern 8: Philosophers influence Governments
Stoics and Rome
Confucius and China
Locke and US
Enlightenment and French Revolution
Marx and Russian Revolution
Lesson 8: Ideas are often powerful guidance or justifications for rulers
Pattern 9: Scientific Discoveries Change the World
Agriculture and Population Size
Compass and Navigation
Bronze/Gunpowder/Airplanes and Warfare
Printing Press and Literacy
Steam/Gasoline Engines and Industry/Transportation
Electricity and Lighting/Appliances
Telegraph/Telephone/Radio/TV/Internet and Communication
Computers/Robotics and Automation/Productivity
Genetics and Medicine/Biology
Lesson 9:It is important science and technology to predict future directions in society
Hoover
Trump
Economic Depression
Tragedy
Farce

understand currents events. A famous quote from President Theodore Roosevelt:
"The more that you know about the past, the better prepared you are for the future”
Pattern 10: Individuals from ordinary backgrounds with amazing accomplishments
Harry Potter and Luke Skywalker
Homer
Confucius
Spartacus
Wu Zetian
Joan of Arc
Mahatma Gandi
Martin Luther
Martin Luther King
Thomas Edison
Lesson 10: Let individuals rise as high as their abilities take them
Patterns in History (continued)
Pattern 11: Individuals from ordinary backgrounds with bloody accomplishments
Attila the Hun
Genghis Khan
Tamerlane
Napoleon
Stalin
Hitler
Mao Zedong
Lesson 12: Leaders need to be subject to constraints
Roosevelt
Statue

Social Reactors Project in Boulder
We are developing a framework that:
• Frames all human settlements, from hunter-gatherer camps to
modern megacities, as concentrations of people, things,
energy and information in space and time, and subject to a
variety of constraints;
• Leads to quantitative predictions regarding relationships
between proxy measures of settlement population and a
variety of social, economic and infrastructural quantities;
• Dissolves the boundary between past and present by viewing
all human societies as evolving social and material networks;
• Accounts for the diﬀerences between settlements in terms of
a set of basic energetic, cultural and technological processes;
• Charts a course for expanding the comparative study of
settlements through history.
“”What lessons can people living today take from the successes and
failures of civilizations hundreds or thousands of years ago?”

Modern History
Another reason for studying history is to discover the roots of the
modern world we live in. Emma Watson said: “ I'm really interested
in modern history but in order to get a History degree, you need to
do modern and pre-modern”.
Key areas to understand include:
• The conﬂicts between Christian and Muslim civilizations
• The Early Scientiﬁc Revolution up to 1900
• The Industrial Revolution
• The Movement towards Democracy
• Rise and Fall of European Colonial Empires
• World War 1 and 2
• American History
• Asian History especially China
• History and Impact of Communism
• Human Impact on Earth bio and geo-systems
History Students

Questions on History
Albert Einstein said: “The important thing is never to stop questioning”.There
are many questions that arise when studying history outside patterns
General:
Why do common people fight for their rulers in wars that kill many thousands ?
How does civilization progress while fighting constant wars?
Why are people so cruel to each other so often (slavery, slaughters, torture)?
Why do people believe in religions with many gods, angels, demons, and miracles?
Why do cultural customs get propagated so strongly across generations?
Questions?
Specific:
Why did the Mediterranean Bronze Age civilizations collapse?
Why has Muslim civilization not kept up with Europe?
Why did China give up its world leadership after 1500?
How did Britain create the leading world empire?
How have East Asian contries been able to modernize so quickly?

Some Examples of Trends in Modern History
Climate Change
Overpopulation
Pandemics
Asian Rising Powers
Scientiﬁc Progress
Increasing Life Expectancy
Robotics
Gene Editing
Cyber Society
Winston Churchill said ““The longer you look back, the farther you can look forward.”

Why Knowing History is Valuable (“Deja vu”)
Pattern: When a new situations occurs, was there a similar situation in the past?
Lessons: What can be learned from the previous situation?
Questions: Can these lessons be applied to the present situation?
Have there been changes requiring new actions?
Trends: What can be expected in the future given the current situation?
Knowing history helps you to understand the current world by seeing what
happened in the past. Speciﬁcally you can answer the following questions.

Plagues in History (Patterns, Lessons, Questions, Trends)
Patterns:
Major Plagues in the past have weakened empires (Antonine and Justinian Plagues for Roman
Empire), social structures (Black Death, Spanish Flu) and entire populations (Native Americans)
Lessons:
Bacterial epidemics have been reduced by antibiotics (Penicillin, Aureomycin). Viral
epidemics have been harder to control requiring vaccinations. Deaths from parasitic diseases
like Malaria have been reduced but not eliminated.
Trends:
There will be more viral epidemics in the future as viruses migrate from animals. Bacteria
are developing resistance to antibiotics which could also produce future pandemics. Innovative
methods for reducing parasitic infections (genetic editing of mosquitoes) are being explored.
Questions:
What can be done to prevent the start or reduce the spread of viral epidemics?
Predicting the Future Structural Demographic Forecast
 
History as a Science Hari Seldon Psychohistory

Simplistic Patterns in History
Farmers want good soil (river valleys, volcanic soil)
Hunter-Gatherers want naturally rich environments (woods, jungle)
Nomads want open environments (grass lands, tundra)
Developed Countries want resources (timber, coal, oil)
Nomads and Hunter-Gatherers don’t conﬂict
Nomads invade Farmers but don’t displace
Developed Countries isolate Hunter-Gatherers
Developed Countries colonize Farmers
Developed Countries conquer Nomads
Farmers displace Hunter-Gatherers
Developed Countries often ﬁght each other over territories
Human society began as Hunter-Gatherers (deer, fruits)
Animal domestication (horses, cows) created Nomads
Plant domestication (wheat, rice, corn, potatoes) led to Farmers
Technology improvements led to Developed Countries
Population increase at each stage enabling stronger forces

Alternate Histories
255
One of the fun ways to study history is to speculate on alternate outcomes
and their possible impacts.
For example, what if the Caribbean Indians had killed Columbus and his crew in 1492?
Europeans probably would have decided that he perished at sea and not launched
cross Atlantic voyages for many years. This would have given the Aztecs and Incas time
to strengthen they empires and better resist invasions.
Some other alternate history questions include:
• What if Alexander the Great had not died young at 33?
• What if China had kept its large maritime ﬂeet from the early 1400’s?
• What if England had defeated the American Revolution?
• What if Voldemort had killed Harry Potter?
• What if Hillary Clinton had won the presidential election?
• What if Archduke Ferdinand had not been assassinated in 1914?
• What if the dinosaur-destroying meteor had missed the Earth?
289
Alternate Histories of Germany (1848 - 2018)

Alternative Views about History
The current situation is stable and getting gradually better.
Past history never changes and should not be rewritten
The future is predictable. Advance preparation is possible
Parmenides
Heraclitus
The current situation is unstable. Rapid change is necessary
History must be constantly rewritten based on changing times
The future is unpredictable. Advance preparation is limited
Parmenides (stability) and Heraclitus (change) had different perspectives on reality .
The statements below are not quotes but reflect these different perspective.
Conservative
Reactionary
Wisdom: All of the above statements are partially false at
different times. The truth lies in between them. History is cyclic
and progressive?
Moderate
Progressive Revolutionary Populist
Liberal Libertarian Skeptical
Zealot

In My Life Events
1950’s US was prosperous
1961 Kennedy elected
1963 Kennedy assassinated
1960’s Civil Rights Movement
1965 -1972 Vietnam War Escalates
1960’s Antiwar and Counter-Cultural Movements
1974 Watergate. Nixon Resigns
1980 Reagan Elected. Inequality Increases
1989-1991 Soviet Union and East Germany collapse
1993 World Wide Web
2001 World Trade Center attack
2002-2003 Afghanistan and Iraq Wars
2008 Financial System Crashes
2008 Obama Elected
1962 Cuban Missile Crisis
2016 Trump Elected
2020 Coronavirus
+
+1940’s Cold War. US vs Soviet Union
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
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-
-
-
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-
-
-
-
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All + and - are subjective opinions
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178
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Pirates, Civil Rights, Plagues

Pirates: Patterns, Lessons, Questions, and Trends
History of Piracy
Patterns:
Piracy thrive when there are several states competing on trade routes and
no state strong enough to drive the pirates from the sea
Pirates are often poorer people who can't prosper on land
Lesson:
Preventing piracy requires a strong ruling power or better lives for poor people
Trends
Piracy is disappearing from Somalia where it was strongest for many years
East Asian
Caribbean
Modern Somalia
Mediterranean
Canadian
English
AmericanBarbaryHistoric Indian Ocean
Moon
German
Disney Pirate
Japanese
Chinese
Questions:
Why and how does someone become a pirate?

Freedom Riders 1961
Martin Luther King 1963
In 1947, African-Americans were segregated from whites in sports, the Army, television,
schools, and housing. This was especially bad in the southern states (Confederacy) where
all public facilities were segregated.
Desegregation 1957
Civil Rights in US (Current Black Lives Matter)
Selma Voting Rights 1965 Riots after King's murder 1968
Birmingham 1963
Bus Boycott 1955
History of Civil Rights
Joan Baez
in 1963

Civil Rights in US (Patterns, Lessons, Questions, Trends)
In 1947, African-Americans were segregated from whites in sports, the Army, television,
schools, and housing. This was especially bad in the southern states (ex-slavery
Confederacy) where all public facilities were segregated.
Patterns:
1. An incident occurs that triggers anger and possibly rioting producing some change
The incident could be excessive force, assassination, or repressing peaceful demonstrations
2. Peaceful demonstrations occur without repression but not much change
Lessons:
Things change for the better slowly but the process is painful
Trends:
There is a possibility for rapid change now since there seems to be a majority in favor of it.
Questions:
If most people believe in equal treatment for all, why is it so hard to achieve ?

Science of Plagues in History: Current Covid-19
Partial Tree of Life
Parasite
Cell
Archaea
Early
Life
Bacteria
Funghi
Worms
Humans
Virus
Viruses are not alive but
make other cells
reproduce them (pirates).
Viruses are the basis of
many epidemics and
hard to ﬁght since they
are not alive (zombies)
Archaea are single cells that
don’t cause disease. Single
cells with nuclei came from the
merging of an Archaea and a
Bacteria
Bacteria cause many diseases
and are responsible for major
epidemics. In the 20th century
bacterial diseases were cured
by antibiotics
Malaria is caused by large
single cell parasites with a
nucleus
Funghi have multiple cells but
are neither plant nor animal.
They cause less serious
problems such as athletes foot
Worms are multi-cell animals
that can invade the body and
can cause lingering problems
Amazingly human bodies have more
bacterial and virus cells than human
cells! These cells perform useful
functions in bodily processes
Scientists are studying all of the
microbes in the human body
called the Microbiome

Plagues in History (Current: Covid-19)
List of Plagues
HIV/AIDS
Virus
Smallpox
Covid-19
Bubonic Plague
Bacteria Parasites
Malaria in AfricaBlack Plague (Bubonic)
Virus
Plague of Justinian
Cholera
Antonine Plague
Native American
US
AfricaMultiple European epidemics
Multiple Global Pandemics
Malaria
Sleeping Sickness
Chronic global pandemics
Chronic African pandemics
Typhus
Russian Pandemic
Spanish Flu
Joan Baez
in 2020

Summary Overview Slides
The Fate of Empires

Stages of Human Societies
Hunters
Gatherers Nomads Farmers Feudalism Capitalism
Democratic
Socialism
Power to
the best hunter.
Chief is leader
but not much
wealth available.
Power to the
best ﬁghter.
Wealth comes
from raids.
Power to the
best farmer.
No extreme
wealth.
Power to
aristocrats.
No rights for
peasants.
Power to
wealthiest.
Some rights
for all.
Power shared
with all. Basic
services for all.
German philosopher Karl Marx’s
theory of society development.
Communism failed in the 20th Century.

From http://www.essential-humanities.net/history-overview/world-history-timeline/
Timeline of the Ancient World

Summary of World History (Early)
Civilization began in Southwest Asia (Sumeria, Babylon) around 3000 BC
Key was the invention of farming (wheat, cows) in river valleys (Tigris, Euphrates)
Egypt followed soon after with farming based on Nile river ﬂooding
There were some Greek civilizations (Crete, Mycenae)
India (Indus river) and China (Yellow river) also developed agriculture very early
Indians adopted Hindu religion with many gods and Veda epics
Jewish religion introduced https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HydiRr_EOYUtheism (one God)
Bible
These early civilizations were based on bronze
Nomads from central Asia invaded southwest Asia around 1200 BC
Civilization went through a long dark age followed a revival based on iron

Timeline of the Medieval World

Summary of World History (Middle)
Buddhist religion began in India and spread to China, Southeast Asia and Japan
The Persians established an empire in Southwest Asia
The Persians tried to conquer Greece and were defeated (crucial event) in 490 BC
The Greek cities (Athens, Miletus) became center of culture)
Macedonia conquered Greece and then Persia (Alexander) in 334 BC
India had a Maurya empire heavily inﬂuenced by the Greeks
Carthage (North Africa) and Rome (Europe) became the leading powers
Rome conquered Carthage (200 BC) and established the Roman Empire in Europe
Rome also controlled North Africa and Egypt
Persia and Germany remained independent. India traded with Rome by sea
China had a uniﬁed empire under the Han dynasty (200 BC - 200 AD)
China traded with Rome through the “Silk Road” through Central Asia
In North America, there was an Olmec civilization based on corn

Summary of World History (Middle) continued
The Roman Empire split into two parts, Eastern and Western
Romans adopted Christian religion
The Western Empire was overrun by the Germans (476 AD)
The Eastern Byzantine Empire (capital Constantinople) survived until 1453
Arabs inspired by the Muslim religion conquered Southwest Asia and North Africa (650 AD)
The Muslim religion spread as far as Indonesia, Spain, and sub-Saharan Africa
China had a new powerful Tang dynasty (600 - 900 AD)
Europe went through a dark age, dominated by feudal lords and the Holy Roman Empire
North America (Mexico) had two strong civilizations, Mayan and Teotihuacan
South America (Peru) had several small civilizations
The American civilizations had no contact with Eurasia groups (lacked iron and horses)
The richest areas in the world were China, India, and the Muslim areas

Summary of World History (Middle) continued
The Viking from Scandinavia raid European cities
The Mongols from East Asia conquered Central Asia, China, Persia, Baghdad, and Russia
The Mongols invaded Eastern Europe, Syria, Japan, Indonesia, and Vietnam
The Mongols brought Chinese inventions to the West (gun powder, compass, paper)
The Turks took over when the Mongols got weaker because of the Black Death and in-ﬁghting
The Turks formed an Ottoman Empire in Turkey
India had several empires, The strongest was the Gupta empire (319 -543 AD)
India was divided by many languages and castes. Northern India was invaded by Muslims
In Southeast Asia, the Khmers (Cambodian) formed an empire (802 -1431 AD)
North America (Mexico) had a new strong group called the Toltecs who traded with the Mayans
Western Europe began to emerge from the Dark Ages

Timeline of the Modern World

Summary of World History (Modern)
The Ottoman Empire conquers Constantinope
The Mughal conquer India
The Chinese throw out the Mongols and form the Ming Dynasty
The Aztecs become the dominant power in Mexico
The Incas become the dominant power in South America
The Italians (Venice, Florence, Genoa, Rome) lead a Renaissance of culture
The Western Europeans discover the Americas and sail around Africa to India
The Spanish conquer Mexico and Peru. The Portuguese settle Brazil.
Europe has Protestant countries (English, Dutch) revolt against Catholicism
France and Germany have bloody wars between Catholics and Protestants
England, France, and Holland become dominant powers as Spain slips
England and France ﬁght major wars won by England (India, North America)
China is conquered by Manchu dynasty from Manchuria

Summary of World History (Modern) continued
European powers bring Sub-Saharan Africans as slaves to harvest sugar to the Americas
United States revolt against England to become independent in 1776
The Southern states use slave to pick cotton and become very wealthy
The French Revolution results in the death of the king and war in Europe
Napoleon leads France to victory over kings before being defeated in Russia
The United States has a major civil war between North and South
Germany and Italy become uniﬁed nations in 1870
Japan starts to industrialize and become an Asian power
China has a revolution and overthrows emperor
World War 1 is fought between Allies and Central Powers (1914-1918)
Allies are England, France, US, and Italy. The Central Powers are Germany, Austria, and Turkey
Russia has a Communist revolution against Tsar because of terrible losses in the war (1917)
The Allies win the War. The Austrian-Hungarian Empire is split.
Italy’s government is seized by Fascists led by the dictator Mussolini

Summary of World History (Modern) continued
Germany has serious economic problems after the war (hyper-inﬂation, depression)
The World has a major depression starting in 1929
Germany’s government is given to Hitler due to fear of Communists
Japan invades Manchuria(1931) and then China (1937)
World War 2 starts when Hitler invades Poland
Hitler conquers France and then the rest of Europe except for England and Russia
Hitler invades Russia. Japans attacks US base at Pearl Harbor
Allies (US, England, Russia) win World War 2. US and Russia begin Cold War
Communist Chinese Revolution led by Mao Zedong conquers China
US ﬁghts a long losing war in Vietnam against local Communists
Communist government collapse in Eastern Europe and Russia (1989-1991)
US is attacked by Arab terrorists on Sept 9, 2001
US invades Afghanistan and Iraq (2002)
Corona Virus temporarily destroys world economy

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