ABCD – 社工的角色 ABCD與青年工作 - ABCD, ABCD and youth work - Changing the Paradigms about how we involve young people - Unique contribution by young women and men - 10 Commandments for involving young people in community - 50 things adults can do with young men and women - Be a Facilitators in ABCD

1. ABCD – 社工的角色
ABCD與青年工作

2. ABCD – 社工的角色

3. FACILITATION
"TO MAKE EASY, PROMOTE, HELP FORWARD AN ACTION
OR RESULT, TO REMOVE
DIFFICULTY, PROMOTE EASE OR READINESS WITH
APTITUDE, DEXTERITY OR FLUENCY"
(Dictionary definition)
POSSIBLE ROLES OF A FACILITATOR
Create an atmosphere of energy, excitement and
optimism
Demystify concepts, processes and strategies
Optimise the knowledge and expertise of participating
groups/individuals
Broker experiences, models, methodologies, networks
and resources that may be relevant.
Encourage collaborative efforts between relevant groups
and networks

4. NATIONAL COMMUNITY BUILDING NETWORK
(USA) EIGHT KEY PRINCIPLES
 Integrate community development
and human services strategy
 Forge partnerships through
collaboration
 Build on community strengths
 Start from local conditions
 Foster broad community
participation
 Require racial equity
 Value cultural strengths
 Support families and children

5. LESSONS FROM HEALTHY, SUSTAINABLE
AND ENTERPRISING COMMUNITIES
 Embraces change, shapes its future and
engenders a sense of belief and expectation
 Focuses on the sustainable triple bottom
line – economic viability, environmental
integrity, and community well being
 Builds from the inside out
 Encourages broad based participation, social
connectedness, inclusiveness and diversity
of thinking
 Focuses on assets and capacities, not
weaknesses and deficiencies

6. LESSONS FROM HEALTHY, SUSTAINABLE
AND ENTERPRISING COMMUNITIES (Cont’d)
 Acts in a holistic, entrepreneurial and
opportunity obsessive manner
 Continually renews and builds a diversified
leadership base
 Acts strategically and commits to long term
and continuous community dialogue,
planning, action and evaluation
 Values collaboration, networking and
clustering
 Champions passionate and entrepreneurial
attitudes and behaviours

7. CHAMPIONS PASSIONATE AND
ENTREPRENEURIAL ATTITUDES
AND BEHAVIOURS
Dreaming
Positive Mindset
New Possibilities
Experimentation
Risk Taking
New Thinking
Opportunity Obsession
FOSTERS:

8. ABCD與青年工作

9. YOUNG PEOPLE
 CAUSE PROBLEMS
 HAVE PROBLEMS
 ARE PROBLEMS

10. 「青年變成青少年的原因就是因為我
們沒有提供他們事情去做。我們不
覺得他們有生產力，只把他們視為
容易受騙上當的消費者。」
湯瑪士．海恩斯，青少年的崛起與沒落
（The Rise and Decline of the America Teenager）

11. 青年—是成長階段?
還是社區的一份子?
 主流看法:青年是一個由兒童到成人的成
長/過渡階段, 而其身份認同的確立是標誌
著過渡期的完結。
 問題是若兒童過早接納/或完全拒絕成人
世界的價值(讀好書, 找好工, 搵多錢), 那
麼社會工作的角色是什麼?
 沒有想象?沒有夢想?不能掌握未來, 這是
我們希望見到的青年嗎?

12. 青年—是成長階段?
還是社區的一份子?
 社區不單是一個居住及工作的空間, 更
重要的是人與人有互動關係的場所,
 社區本身其實不是一個實體,更加是一
個想象/幻象(互助,合作)或感覺(we-
feeling, 團結, 身份認同)。
 社區發展正正是要建立這種想象和感
覺

13. ABCD 的青年觀
 青年人作為我們的工作對象正正需要
這種想象和感覺, 而不單是解決他們
的問題
 我們更希望青年成為主體(subject), 能
計劃及掌握自己的未來
 而ABCD可以更有效令青年人的主體
性可以發揮

14. ABCD 的青年觀
 青年人有衝勁, 有想象力是社區進步及
發展的重要動力, 所以亦是社區中重要
的人力資產.
 而在社區中亦有重要的文化資產及社會
資產, 可以為青年人提供學習,想像,與發
現的空間

15. ‘CHANGING THE PARADIGMS
ABOUT HOW WE
INVOLVE YOUNG PEOPLE
IN COMMUNITY BUILDING’
- SOME THOUGHT STARTERS -
By: Peter Kenyon
Director
Bank of I.D.E.A.S
(Initiatives for the Development of Enterprising
Action and Strategies)
Ph: 61 – 8 – 6293 1848
Fax: 61 – 8 – 6293 1137
email: pk@bankofideas.com.au
web: www.bankofideas.com.au

16. UNIQUE CONTRIBUTION BY YOUNG
WOMEN AND MEN
 Fresh perspectives
 Great collaborators
 Make the dollar stretch
 Passionate about issues, eg,
environment / sustainability
 Impatience
 Attract the attention of the media
 Best know what other young people
think and want

17. Problem Problem Solver
Client Change Maker
Recipient Co-Participant
At risk population Leadership asset
to be dealt with to be cultivated
Tomorrow’s Part of today’s
Leaders Leadership team
Adult in the A citizen today
making
PARADIGM CHANGE REGARDING YOUNG MEN
AND WOMEN

18. PRINCIPLES TO ENABLE EFFECTIVE
YOUTH PARTICIPATION
enable fun, challenge and excitement;
allow participation by choice;
avoid pigeonholing of young men and women and
generalising about their behaviour, opinions or ideas;
maximise the opportunity of success through adequate
provision of information, training, support, resources,
time and space;
address opportunities, needs and issues that are valued
and respected by young people, their peers and
the community;
start with the talents, capacities, assets and skills of
young people, rather than their problems and
deficiencies;
involve young men and women from the start;

19. create opportunities for young women and men to lead
and teach;
maximise decision making and accountability by young
people;
develop young peoples awareness of the social, political,
economic, cultural and personal aspects of the issues
affecting them;
make sense of, and demystify adult structures and
processes;
build active and supportive working relationships
between young people and other members of the
community;
provide opportunities for training and skill development;
and
encourage opportunities to reflect and analyse their
experiences.
(According to the Bank of I.D.E.A.S)

20. 1. Always start with the gifts, talents, knowledge and skills of
young people – never with their needs and problems.
2. Always lift up the unique individual, never the category to
which the young person belongs. It is “Frank” who sings so
well, or Maria the great soccer; never the “at-risk youth” or
the “pregnant teen”.
3. Share the conviction that: (a) Every community is filled with
useful opportunities for young people to contribute to the
community; and (b) there is no community institution or
association that can’t find a useful role for young people.
4. Try to distinguish between real community building work, and
games or fakes – because young people know the difference.
5. Fight – in every way you can – age segregation. Work to
overcome the isolation of young people.
Ten Commandments For Involving Young People In
Community Building

21. 6. Start to get away from the principal of aggregation of people
by their emptiness. Don’t put everyone who can’t read
together in the same room. It makes no sense.
7. Move as quickly as possible beyond youth “advisory boards” or
councils, especially those boards with only one young person
on them.
8. Cultivate many opportunities for young people to teach and to
lead.
9. Reward and celebrate every creative effort, every
contribution made by young people. Young people can help
take the lead here.
10.In every way possible, amplify this message to young people:
“We need you! Our community cannot be strong and complete
without you”.
(According to Jody Kretzmann, Institute for Asset Based Community
Development)

22. With
5O THINGS ADULTS CAN DO FOR YOUNG MEN AND WOMEN
1. Have a real conversation with a group of young people. Ask young people what
they want to do and how you can assist to make that happen.
2. Support community organizations that involve young people in meaningful roles.
3. Start a resource library of videos, photographic and printed materials on youth
involvement in your community.
4. Financially and personally support organizations that train young people and
adults to work together.
5. Develop a mutual mentorship program between adults and young people.
6. Co-create or support along with young people a community centre or place for
young people and adults to gather and do constructive things together.
7. Listen to young people express their concerns and perspectives about community
issues and opportunities and help them take action.
8. Be an advocate for young men and women by making sure they’re at the table
when you are discussing them.
9. Highlight in the local newspapers the positive contribution of young men and
women.
10. Introduce the 'Youth at the Centre' tools as a way of helping young people
study and audit their opportunities and challenges of the community, and then to
plan and implement projects that will enhance the community.
11. Write a letter to a newspaper editor about youth issues with a young person.

23. 12. Respect young people as you would a peer, and talk to them as you would talk to
an adult.
13. Work with young people to plan a community focussed project.
14. Hold a breakfast and invite young people to come and discuss their community,
and what they would like to see happen.
15. In planning youth development activities, start with the talents, assets and
skills of young people, rather than their problems and deficiencies.
16. Involve interested young people as consultants, interns, apprentices, and staff.
17. Be consistent and clear about your expectations of young people and adults in
your home.
18. Team up with young men and women and youth-led groups to have a town
meeting on a vision for young people in your community.
19. Identify and network with young people in your community who are interested in
youth and community issues.
20. Network and connect with other adult committed to genuine youth participation
principles.
21. Provide transportation to young people who would not otherwise be able to
participate in community activities.
22. Team up with young people to support political candidates at local, state, and
national levels who make listening to, and working with young people a priority!
23. Help arrange for a radio station to sponsor a call-in show led by young people
that allows them to talk about their ideas.
24. Help arrange for young people to have a regular audience with the mayor and
local council to highlight their ideas for improving social and social opportunities.

24. 25. Work with young people to establish a Youth Council within the community.
26. Insist that any development committees operating within the community must
reserve several committee places for young people.
27. Only go to meetings where youth are invited or you can bring young people with
you.
28. Create opportunities for young women and men to lead, teach and mentor.
29. Advocate for youth-led experiences in the schools so students can learn
through hands-on experience.
30. Make your home a comfortable, safe, and affirming place where young people
are welcome.
31. Help young people create a newsletter for your community on youth issues and
perspectives.
32. Help young people compile a list of all opportunities for youth involvement in
your community. Post it in your local library and schools. Have estate agents give it
to new families in town.
33. Involve young people as mentors to community and business members in the use
of the Internet and E commerce opportunities.
34. Email editions of community newspapers to all local young people studying away
from the town.
35. Maintain a data base of all ex students from the community and communicate
each year about the community and its opportunities and solicit development ideas.
36. Raise funds for a youth-led organization.
37. Avoid pigeon holing of young women and men and generalising about their
behaviour, opinions or ideas.

25. 38. Join (or form) with young people a community task force to develop ideas and
implement actions to improve community opportunities.
39. Support young people in an audit of local businesses in terms of their youth
friendliness.
40. Cancel a meeting or engagement so you can spend time with a young person in
your family or community.
41. Confide in a young person. Ask their advice on issues that you’re struggling with.
42. Be an advocate for youth/adult partnerships in your workplace.
43. Maximise the opportunity for success by youth led projects by ensuring
adequate provision of information, training, support, resources, time and space.
44. Value young people’s work and pay them for their work. Don’t assume that just
because someone is young they are a volunteer.
45. Write notes of appreciation for young people who contribute to the community
or achieve in the arts, sports and service.
46. Attend events in the area where young people are actively engaged.
47. Monitor regional, state and national youth leadership development experiences,
and promote participation by local young people.
48. Advocate the local community commit resources for local youth leadership
development experiences.
49. Avoid interrupting young people.
50. DO involve young people in all states of planning, managing and evaluating youth
related events and projects.
(Compiled by the Bank of I.D.E.A.S. Adapted from similar lists by the Innovation Center for
Community and Youth Development of the National 4H Council and Search Institute, USA)

26. ‘There are only two
lasting bequests we can
hope to give our young
people – one of these is
roots, the other is wings’
(Hodding Carter)

27. 參考資料
 黃洪博士(2006) ： “資產為本社區發展與青年” 小童群益
會荃葵區同工訓練會議簡報
 Peter Kenyon
Director, Bank of I.D.E.A.S (Initiatives for the Development
of Enterprising)
http://www.bankofideas.com.au/bookshop_frames.html：
 CHANGING THE PARADIGMS ABOUT HOW WE INVOLVE
YOUNG PEOPLE IN COMMUNITY BUILDING’ - SOME
THOUGHT STARTERS –
 ASSET BASED COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
 Concept of Healthy Sustainable and Enterprising
Communities – Presentation note-

28. 參考資料
• IPR Research Asset-Based Community
Development Institute
• http://www.northwestern.edu/ipr/abcd.html
• Search Institute Home
• http://www.search-institute.org/
• The Appreciative Inquiry Commons
• http://appreciativeinquiry.case.edu/
• 社區資源手冊
• http://921.yam.com/community/