The Paper presented by Sri P Ravikumar Joint Director (CIG) & Project Leader (ITS) CDAC Trivandrum 695033 +91-9847441578 / 9633305136

1. Showcasing indigenous ITS solutions
and next generation Traffic Control Systems
V.Muralidharan
Associate Director, Head Control and Instrumentation Group
Centre for Development of Advanced Computing
Thiruvananthapuram
(Society under Department of Information Technology,
Ministry of Communications and Information Technology)

2. • Introduction
• ITS products developed
• ATCS implementation in Pune
• Wireless Traffic Control System (WTCS)
• Intelligent Parking Lot Management System
(IPLMS)
• Red Light Violation Detection System (RLVDS)

3. National Coverage
C-DAC, Pune HQ
C-DAC, Bangalore
C-DAC, Delhi
C-DAC, Hyderabad
C-DAC, Mumbai
C-DAC, Chennai
C-DAC, Kolkata
C-DAC, Mohali
C-DAC, Noida
C-DAC, Trivandrum
3000 employees

4. ITS products
• Variable Messaging System (VMS)
• Vehicle Tracking System (VTS)
• Distress Call Response Management System (DCRMS)
• Vehicle Actuated Traffic Signal Controllers (UTCS)
• Area Traffic Control System (ATCS)
• Wireless Traffic Control System (WTCS)
• Intelligent Parking Lot Management System (IPLMS)
• Red Light Violation Detection System (RLVDS)
• Smart Tracking and Distress Alert System for
Automobiles

5. Variable Messaging System
Distress Call Response
Management System
Vehicle Tracking System

6. • Implementation of Area Traffic Control Systems
(ATCS) for heterogeneous and undisciplined traffic
• Benefits of Wireless Traffic Control Systems
(WTCS)
• Advantages of multilevel Intelligent Parking Lot
Management Systems (IPLMS)
• Red Light Violation Detection System (RLVDS)
challenges

7. Area Traffic Control System
• Area traffic control systems are traffic responsive systems
that use data from vehicle detectors and optimize traffic
signal settings to reduce vehicle delays and stops
• The system operates in a closed loop, evaluating the
real time demand and properly updating network signal
timings

11. Benefits of ATCS
• Real-time control over traffic fluctuations
• Better management of signal timings
• Reduced stops and delay
• Savings in fuel and reduced pollution
• Data collection for planning and MIS
• Higher availability
• Reduced accident rate

12. Popular operational models
– SCOOT – Split Cycle and Offset Optimization Technique
– SCATS – Sydney Coordinated Adaptive Traffic System
– OPAC – Optimization Policies for Adaptive Control
– RHODES – Real-Time Hierarchical Optimized Distributed and Effective System
Other systems
– ACS-Lite (Adaptive Control Software Lite)
– SPOT / UTOPIA (Urban Traffic Optimization by Integrated Automation)
– MOTION (Method for the Optimization of Traffic Signals in On-line controlled
Networks)
– ITACA (Intelligent Adaptive Control Area)
– RTACL (Real-time Traffic Adaptive Control Logic)
– CoSiCoSt (Composite Signal Control Strategy)

13. Challenges are different
Operational Models Traffic characteristics in Problem
(SCOOT , ITACA, ..) Developing Countries
Assume limited High heterogeneity and Results in wrong vehicle
heterogeneity and lane limited lane discipline counts and volume
following estimation
Assume no lane change Lane change happens Detectors fail to report
within the detection zone within and after detection turning proportions
zone
Use Upstream detection Vehicle Actuation needs Cannot be on VA Platform
stop-line detection
CoSiCoSt has special filters for addressing High Heterogeneity and poor lane
discipline. It is built on VA Platform offering high scalability

14. Challenges in implementing ATCS on
Indian roads
• Traffic is not lane following
• A vehicle entering the approach on a lane need
not maintain the same at the intersection
• High mix of traffic
• Uncontrolled side roads and on-street parking
• Obtaining a correct measure of traffic count is
highly complex
• Data loss due to power failure
• Network failure

15. Traffic in developed countries Traffic in developing countries

16. Heterogeneous Traffic and Limited lane discipline
Cannot apply classical method of signal time computation
because of the complexities in deriving PCUs in real-time
Requires special filters to address the situation

17. ATCS Software
• Composite Signal Control Strategy
(CoSiCoSt)
– Developed by CDAC, DIT, Govt. of India
– Address High Heterogeneity and Poor
Lane discipline
– Operates on VA Platform
– Use Stop-line detection
– Subtract Method for Online Signal
Synchronization
– Strategies to guard against network
failure, power failure etc.
– Indian Patent #239258

18. Major building blocks of ATCS
 Traffic Signal Controller
 Vehicle Detectors
 Application Software
 Central Control Station
 Communication Network

19. Physical
Loop
Virtual
Loop
Inductive Loop based vehicle detection Camera based vehicle detection
Vehicle
Detection
camera

20. Area Traffic Control System for Pune City
38 junctions in Pune city. Indigenously CoSiCoSt Technology
for mixed Indian traffic condition.
CCR
GSM
NETWORK
Variable Message Sign
Leased line Network
SCMS
(Data, Control & Video)
ArTIC #1 ArTIC #2 ArTIC #3 ArTIC #38
Camera Camera
Detector Detector Detector Detector

21. CDAC ATCS
Composite Signal Control Strategy
Traffic Junction
Online Split New Timings &
Average Detector Optimizer
Occupancy Preferences
Detector
Translation
Stage Timing, Split Time Plan
Saturation, Speed info Modifier
Route
Performance Current
selection &
Index (PI) / CoSiCoSt
Offset
Offset Timings
Optimizer
Weights & Area
Preferences Bias Optimizer
Observations
Central Control
FIGURE 15 Proposed Distributed System

22. FIGURE 16 ProposedArchitecture
CoSiCoSt ATC System Architecture
Figure 16 Proposed System Architecture
22 22

23. CoSiCoSt Implementations in India
• Pune, Maharashtra 68 Junctions
• Jaipur, Rajasthan 14 Junctions
• Ahmedabad, Gujarat 93 Junctions
• Kolkata, West Bengal 95 Junctions
Pune Pilot implementation (38 Junctions in 6 major corridors)
Result of Impact Analysis conducted by M/s CES India P Ltd, Mumbai, INDIA
• Reduction in average delay in the range of 11% to 30%
• Average travel speed increase in the range of 2% to 12%
• Estimated annual fuel savings in the year 2006 is about Rs. 4.77 Crores
• Estimated annual time saving benefits in the year 2006 about Rs. 0.83 Crores
• Total annual saving in the year 2006 is about Rs. 5.60 Crores
Over all Increase in the Traffic Volume is 9.06%

24. Pune Central Control Room

25. PUNE CENTRAL CONTROL ROOM

26. Kolkata Traffic Command Centre

27. Ahmedabad ATCS CCR

28. Jaipur Central Control Room

29. Jaipur ATCS CCR

30. Wireless Traffic Control System
Objectives
• Wireless technology for traffic signal control
– No digging of roads
– Easy installation
– Minimum disturbance to road users
• Power Saving
– Solar power
– Power efficient LED signal aspects
– Brightness control for signal lamps
• Miniaturization
– Pole mounting
– Distributed control architecture

31. WTCS Master Controller at CDAC-Keltron Junction
Trivandrum
In operation from October 2011

32. Controller
Hume Pipe
Armoured
Cable
Conventional Controller installation

33. Solar Panel
RF Tranciever
2.4GHz /
868MHz
Master Slave #3
Slave #2
Slave #1 WiTrac Master
WiTrac Slave
• Use single Master Controller and Multiple Slave Controllers
• Typically every island has a slave controller
• Every island has Solar Panel
WiTrac installation

34. Salient Features
• Vehicle Actuated
– Inductive loop detector and above ground detector
compatible
• ATCS Compatible
– Compatible to CDAC Composite Signal Control
Strategy, CoSiCoSt
• Developed and tuned to Indian traffic condition of
high heterogeneity and poor lane discipline
• Indian Patent 239258
• GPS Enabled

35. Modes of Operation
• Pre-timed
• Full Vehicle Actuated
– With or without stage skipping
• Semi-Actuated
– With or without stage skippling
• ATCS
• Combination of the above modes in any order
• Hurry Call
• Manual
• Forced Flash

36. Other Features
• Cable-less Synchronization
– Pre-timed
– Vehicle Actuated
• Remote Administration
– Hurry Call
– Forced Flash
– Junction Off
– Plan Download
• Wireless Police Panel

37. Power Saving
• 12V DC Operation
• PWM Based Intensity Control
– More than 50% Power saving during night
• Selective Switching of Flashing lamps
– Primary
– Secondary
– Tertiary
– Combination of the above

38. Safety Features
• Self diagnosis on Power up and runtime
• Green-Green Conflict Monitoring
• Lamp failure / Short circuit Monitoring
• Battery Voltage Monitoring (Solar Power)
• Fallback on secondary frequency in case of
wireless signal jam
• Automatic selection of Flashing program on
error conditions
• Error logs sent to traffic monitoring centre, if
networked

39. Cost Saving Factors
35% to 40% Cost saving at a typical 4-arm junction
• Road cutting and refilling
• Micro-tunneling where road cutting not possible
• Savings on armored cable and laying
• Plinth for traffic signal controller
• Optimum solar panel and battery
• Disturbance cost
• Maintenance cost due to cable damage / battery etc.
– Delay, Disturbance & Cost

40. Intelligent Parking Lot Management
Objectives
• Identify parking availability in parking areas
• Indicate in local display
• Indicate in remote location through VMS
• Parking guidance systems at each level
• Vacant parking of each bay by green light
• Toll collection based on usage of time
• Information on the internet
• Reserve using SMS / internet

41. Challenges
• Limited parking space
• Increased vehicle population
• Lack of information
Public unawareness
Utilization of existing parking space
Parking space availability
Operating hours and tariff
• Parking space availability not guaranteed
• Lack of proper signage & information display
At entry & way to parking area

42. IPLMS - Main Features
Pre-Trip parking information
Location & maps of all parking lots
Identify the best and nearest parking
Parking lot Capacity
Hours of operation
Tariff structure for different time of day
Advance booking facility

43. Features (contd…)
Driver Information System
Display boards
At important locations in city
Outside the parking lot
Entry gate
Way to parking area
Entry of a each level
Driver guidance & Parking navigation systems
Sign boards
01-03-2012
LED Indications

44. Features (contd…)
Online Operator information
Vehicle occupancy status in each bay
Total count of vehicles inside the parking complex
Total vehicle count parked
Level-wise vehicle count
Real time commuter information
Parking Lot capacity vs occupancy
Advance booking

45. MIS Reports and Analysis
Occupancy reports
Real time
Hourly / daily
vehicle based
Theft / noted vehicles
Revenue generation
Daily/monthly
Different time of day

46. Impact Analysis reports
Parking Load
Parking efficiency
Average occupancy
Statistics of peak / low parking
Revenue

47. Building Blocks
• Entry Gate system
• Parking Area system
• Exit Gate system
• Driver information systems
• Parking Navigation and Driver Guidance system
• Communication infrastructure
• Control room with APP & DB servers
• Application Software

48. System Architecture
At important
locations in
the city
GPRS Network
Internet
Vehicle detector
Barcode scanner
Boom Barrier
IPLMS Server with
Vehicle license
IPLMS & VMS plate focused
APPLICATIONS
Vehicle license Entry Gate Exit Gate
plate image Controller Controller
Receipt printer
LEVEL1
VMS 1
Driver’s photo LEVEL2
VMS 2 Boom Barrier
LEVEL n
Barcode VMS n
Printer Display boards Vehicle detector

49. HARIBHAU CAR PARKING
Location :Narayan Pett
BAY INDICATOR LAMP
Capacity :192 Cars
Levels :6 (including roof top)
Bay Sensor

50. Red Light Violation Detection System
Objectives
Detect and store red light jumping vehicle
Snap shot and video Record video of the vehicle
Stored at remote station for enforcement measures
Automatic number plate recognition
Extract the character
Interface with RTO database
Reduction in accidents by enforcement

51. Factors contributing to crashes caused
by Red Light jumping
• Driver behavior
• Intersection design and operation
– Grade
– Poor Visibility
– Roadside Obstructions
– Line of Sight
– Traffic Volumes
– Signal Timing (Fixed time traffic controller)
• Vehicle characteristics
• Weather

52. Counter measures
• Engineering improvements
• Enhanced driver and public education
• Vehicle actuated traffic signal controllers
• Increased enforcement
– Traditional Enforcement
• Evidence by witness of the Officer
• Driver of the offending vehicle is booked
– Red Light Camera Systems
• Documental evidence
• Registered owner of the offending vehicle is booked

53. Educating Drivers !!

54. RLVDS Configuration
Still Video
Illuminator Camera Camera
Vehicle
Detection
Camera
RLVD
To Remote Computer for Controller
processing
Sensor Loops
RLVD Server with ALPR and
Ticketing software

55. Typical Evidence Expected

56. Challenges
Night time identification
During rainy conditions
Different type of fonts
Different sizes
Regional language number plates
Untidy number plates

57. Poor lighting, heterogeneous traffic,
multiple violations, poor lane discipline

58. Exotic Number Plates

59. Solution
HSRP (High Security Registration Plate)
Chromium based hologram with chakra image left side top
Self Destructive sticker with engine no, chassis no and hologram
Unique serial no. etched with laser
Inscribe IND in blue colour extreme left centre
Non Removable / Non Reusable Snap Lock

60. On going collaborative projects
With IIT Bombay
• Counting and classification
• Second generation CoSiCoSt
• Intelligent transit trip planner and real time
route information
With IIT Madras
• Advanced Traveler Information

61. Thank You
Visit www.intranse.in
for further details
Control and 61
Instrumentation Group