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Organizing for Digital: Why Digital
Dexterity Matters
2
Organizational Design is Key to Reaping the
Rewards from Technology Adoption
Figure 1: Labor Productivity in the Electrification Era Surged as Organizations Redesigned Operations
Source: Adapted from Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee, “The Second Machine Age”, January 2014
In the late 19th century, the industrial
world’s factories underwent a massive
technology shift as electric power
replaced steam. However, at the outset,
electrification was not accompanied by
significant changes in operations. As a
result, it did not give productivity levels the
expected shot in the arm. In fact, it took
nearly three decades for productivity to
surge, when factories used electrification
to radically rethink their organizational
design (see Figure 1).
With electric motors, manufacturers
realized they could power smaller groups
of machines – and eventually individual
machines – rather than all machines at
once. These developments gave rise
to efficient layouts, such as assembly
lines, with Henry Ford famously reducing
the time to build a car from 12 hours to
2.5 hours in 19131
. Productivity surged
as a consequence of organizational
change, not just the emergence of a new
technology.
Fast forward from the age of electricity
in the 19th century to today’s digital
21st century, and we can see history
repeating itself. Today’s Henry Fords – the
General Electric. The aircraft engine
to industrial products conglomerate
understood the importance of large-scale
organizational change in the journey to
becoming a digital organization. Back
1915=100
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
1890 19301900 1910 1920
Productivity Surge CAGR of 2.5% over
15 years (1915 - 1930)
1913 - Ford’s Assembly
Line Begins Operation
CAGR of 1.16% over
25 years (1890 - 1915)
LaborProductivity
Year
digital masters – are harnessing digital
technologies to redesign their operations
and create truly digital organizations:
Starbucks. The company made
organization change its top priority as it
embarked on its digital transformation.
It carved out an internal, venture capital-
style incubator for digital technology
called Starbucks Digital Ventures.
The unit remained separate from the
company’s Marketing and IT groups,
but collaborated closely with both
to drive innovation in the company’s
digital strategy. Further, it brought key
Today’s Henry Fords
– the digital masters –
are harnessing digital
technologies to redesign
their operations and
create truly digital
organizations.
customer-facing initiatives under the
chief digital officer’s purview in an effort
to boost customer loyalty and growth.
As Starbucks chief digital officer Adam
Brotman says, “Before the CDO position
was created, my job was web, mobile
and social media. It wasn’t global digital
marketing, it wasn’t card, and it wasn’t
loyalty. Those were in three different
separate groups in the organization. We
realized those were all one thing and they
all work best together. If you listed the
vision for where we wanted to go with
digital, it was encompassing all those
things.”2
By bringing these fragmented
responsibilities together, Starbucks
strengthened its digital unit and set the
stage for its digital leadership. Today, 12
millionpeopleactivelyuseStarbucksapps,
conducting seven million transactions
a week. Starbucks’ loyalty program has
eight million active members, helping the
company become one of retail’s most
powerful mobile ecosystems3
.
3
N=135; Percentages indicate share of firms whose respondents report “Better than most” or “An Industry Leader” performance relative to their competitors or industry
Source: Capgemini Consulting analysis
and automating processes. Its simplified
organizational structure will also eliminate
nearly 1 ,000 dual reporting lines.
in 2011, GE’s software efforts were
distributed across the firm. Software
talent, as well as products, were based
in silos, creating a fragmented landscape
and undermining its objectives. Moreover,
analytics capabilities were limited. As GE’s
chief digital officer, Bill Ruh, puts it, “Every
one of our products had a different
underpinning platform, architecture,
technology, and set of vendors. It was
taking us years to build the software,
and years to get it out the door. And
customers’ needs were changing too
rapidly to keep up.”4
In the years that
followed, Ruh and other senior leaders
identified and eradicated key inefficiencies
by consolidating and co-locating talent
and building standard, enterprise-wide
technology platforms. The company set
aside $1.5 billion for boosting analytics
capabilities5
, assembled 1200 software
engineers, and formed GE Digital –
which brings all of GE’s software and IT
capabilities under one organization– to
become the go-to-platform that powers
the Industrial Internet6
. Today, GE
monitors and analyzes 50 million data
elements from 10 million sensors on $1
trillion of managed assets daily7
. Using the
new platform, GE Aviation alone analyzed
340TB of data from 3.4 million flights on
25 airlines to improve asset performance
and minimize disruptions8
.
HSBC. The multinational banking and
financial services organization has been
under pressure to drive down its cost
base in order to stay competitive. It also
had to meet the growing industry-wide
need for automation. These pressures
forced HSBC towards a large-scale
transformation that had organizational
change at its heart9
. The transformation
will shift 70% of its operations staff to
offshore locations and plans to eliminate
750 legacy systems across different
organizational units. The ultimate aim
is to streamline IT and operations in
order to generate up to $5 billion in
cost savings and more than $1 billion
of investment in digital. Furthermore,
HSBC will significantly re-shape global
finance and risk functions to save up to
$700 million by re-engineering, simplifying
Digital Organizations All Firms
90%
70%
80%
41%
35% 34%
46%
35%
Customer Satisfaction Partnership Relationship
Strength
Innovativeness Profitability Growth
90%
80%
GE set aside $1.5 billion
for boosting analytics
capabilities, assembled
1200 software engineers,
and formed GE Digital
– which brings all of
GE’s software and IT
capabilities under one
organization.
Figure 2: Digital Organizations Outperform their Peers
4
Digital Organizations Enjoy a
Competitive Edge
Our research shows that digital
organizations – firms that have redesigned
their organizations to adapt to digital
while investing significantly in technology
– reported that they outperformed
competitors on key performance
indicators, such as customer satisfaction
andinnovation(seeFigure2).Forexample,
90% of digital organizations believe they
achieve a class-leading performance in
customer satisfaction. This drops to 41%
across all respondents to the survey.
Digital organizations enjoy a competitive
edge and are better equipped to deal with
future disruption.
To understand more about the
capabilities and qualities of these digital
organizations, we launched an in-depth
research study, together with MIT Center
Digital organizations
– firms that have
redesigned their
organizations to
adapt to digital while
investing significantly
in technology – reported
that they outperformed
competitors on key
performance indicators.
for Digital Business, involving over 270
senior executives across 135 enterprises,
13 industries and 28 countries. In the
following sections, we consider the
key issues for organizations as they
navigate the transition towards digital
organizations. In this report, we provide:
ƒƒ The blueprint of the digital
organization and an assessment of
the importance of dexterity in today’s
fast-changing environment.
ƒƒ A guide to becoming a digital
organization: the mindset, practices,
talent, and data and tools required.
ƒƒ A self-assessment of your digital
organizationmaturity,to understand
where your organization sits on
the spectrum from beginner to
accomplished performer.
5
In our previous years’ research into digital
transformation with the MIT Center for
Digital Business, we showed how highly
accomplished organizations are using
investments in digital technologies to
fundamentally transform their capabilities
in key areas, from improving the customer
experience to streamlining operations10
.
However, in today’s volatile and disrupted
world, capability leadership is not enough.
Organizations also need to be nimble and
flexible – dexterous – if they are to respond
to ever-changing technology advances,
emerging competitive disruptions, and
changing customer needs (see Figure 3).
Digital capability is how companies
achieve specific tactical objectives,
Source: Adapted from Soule, D., Puram, A., Westerman, G. and Bonnet, D. “Becoming a Digital Organization: The Journey to Digital Dexterity” (September, 2015),
Working Paper, available at http://ssrn.com/abstract=2697688.
Digital Capability is using digital technology
to improve customer experience, internal
operations or employee engagement.
Digital Dexterity is the ability to self-organize
to deliver new value from digital technologies
Blueprinting Your Digital Organizationa
such as providing services on a mobile
application or facilitating customer self-
service. A number of organizations have
developed digital capabilities to work in
new ways. For instance, over a third of
respondents (36%) say their organization
uses digital technologies to collaborate
across organizational boundaries and
31% say they use digital to standardize
operations.
Digital dexterity is the ability to rapidly
adapt to change: new technologies,
changing customer expectations, industry
shifts, or internally-driven resource
allocation. Dexterity allows an organization
to flex, as the COO of a leading services
company describes. “We are very fluid,”
he explains. “We tend to organize based
on the information and the challenges
that we face at hand. So, we […]
reorganize frequently. And sometimes
things are centralized, and sometimes
things are decentralized11
. Enterprises
with high levels of digital dexterity exhibit
considerable flexibility in terms of their
organization design, allowing enterprise
divisions to pivot in response to market
opportunities. They do so while working
closely with technology partners and
vendors to rapidly take advantage of new
business opportunities.
Dexterity:critical in a fast-changing world
For Tanya Cordrey, Chief Digital Officer at Guardian News & Media, complexity and competitive intensity have reached new levels. “The world
is getting more complicated,” she says. “We’re still wrestling with the enormous changes in the competitive landscape. Not only do we have
a thousand-and-one fantastic little start-ups nibbling at our feet, you also have the likes of Google, Facebook and Apple who have decided
to park tanks on the lawn of news. We have issues around new technologies and where news and content is delivered. We also have shifts
in user behavior. All of those are changing all of the time.”12
Figure 3: A Digital Organization Combines Digital Capability with Digital Dexterity
a
This section adapted from Soule, D., Puram, A., Westerman, G. and Bonnet, D. “Becoming a Digital Organization: The Journey to Digital Dexterity” (September, 2015),
Working Paper, available at http://ssrn.com/abstract=2697688.
6
Digital Dexterity Offers Significant
Advantage
Digital capabilities drive business
results in key areas such as improving
the customer experience, boosting
employee engagement or enhancing
internal operations. However, digital
dexterity allows organizations to
seize opportunities – and respond to
disruptions and changes – much more
quickly than their traditional competitors.
Our research found that organizations
that are high on digital dexterity are more
responsive, better at finding talent, and
able to self-organize at speed. They also
enjoy significant advantages in identifying
and re-deploying expertise when it is
needed and are better at establishing
partnerships (see Figure 4).
Digital dexterity allows
organizations to seize
opportunities – and
respond to disruptions
and changes – much
more quickly than their
traditional competitors.
Source: Capgemini Consulting analysis
Firms with the Highest Level of Digital Dexterity All Firms
73%
80%
67%
13%
17%
10%
8%
15%
It is easy to establish
partnerships
It is easy to detect
emerging trends
It is easy to self-
organise quickly
It is easy to find
experts when
needed
It is easy to respond to
customers’ individual
needs and preferences
73%
40%
N=135; Percentages indicate share of organizations agreeing with each statement
But dexterous digital organizations like
these are few and far between. This
cadre of leading organizations exhibits
a digital-first mindset, has digitized
their operations at company-scale, and
holds significant experience and skills
in digital technologies. The workforce of
digital organizations is highly engaged,
collaborative and seamlessly uses
technology tools, operations and
customer data to deliver a superior
performance. However, our analysis
suggests that only 7% of companies
have made the full transition to this
level of sophistication. The majority of
organizations are in a phase of transition
- journeying towards becoming digital
organizations in four key stages (see
Figure 5).
Figure 4: Advanced Level of Digital Dexterity is a Key Advantage over Competition
7
The majority of
organizations are in
a phase of transition
- journeying towards
becoming digital
organizations in four
key stages.
Stalling – These organizations are
grappling with the possibilities of digital
and are unclear on how to deliver results.
They are inflexible, without any significant
digital capability and unable to respond to
emerging trends and customer needs.
Initiating – These firms are mobilized to
start the transition. They invest in digital
expertise and initiate partnerships to
leverage digital opportunities. They start
developing digital capabilities in digitizing
operations, improving communication
and collaboration, and controlling brand
image.
Engaging – Here, enterprise transition
is underway. Firms have various digital
capabilities in personalizing customer
experience, simplifying routine tasks and
enabling collaboration across the firm.
They are able to detect emerging trends
and respond to changing customer
needs.
Self-Reinforcing – At this stage of
evolution, firms become highly flexible
digital organizations. They are able to
rapidly re-organize or self-organize to take
advantage of new digital opportunities.
They have developed advanced digital
capabilities in improving customer
Source: Capgemini Consulting analysis
DigitalCapability:Useoftechnology
Digital Dexterity: Ability to self-organize
Stalling
16%
Initiating
56%
Engaging
21%
Self-Reinforcing
7%
experience, operations efficiency and
workforce enablement.
Figure 5: How Firms are Progressing to Become Digital Organizations
8
Every enterprise has the potential to
become a digital organization, but it
will require leadership, investment and
tenacity. Drawing on our research, our
experience in working with clients and
interviews with industry practitioners, we
have identified four dimensions that are
critical (see Figure 6).
ƒƒ Digital-First Mindset: seeking and
prioritizing digital solutions first and
foremost
ƒƒ DigitizedPractices:digitizingoperations
and encouraging collaborative ways of
working and learning
ƒƒ EmpoweredTalent: raisingthedigital
IQ of the organization, developing key
skills and increasing engagement
ƒƒ DataAccess&CollaborationTools:
accessing data and collaboration
tools to drive innovation and share
intelligence across the organization
Digital-First Mindset
A digital-first mindset is a distinguishing
feature of a digital organization. It means
that the default position of the organization
is to employ a digital solution first. For
instance, how does the organization
connect with its customers? How does
it redesign its core processes using the
power of digital technologies? How does
the organization think of addressing any
new challenge using digital technologies
rather than traditional approaches?
In our research, 80% of digital organizations
said that they take advantage of digital
solutions wherever possible, as against
only 37% of all firms. Leading organizations
across the private and public sectors are
taking this approach:
ƒƒ At Pfizer, Kristen Peck, EVP
of Business Development and
Innovation, says: “Our approach is
‘think digital first.’ So when we’re
Becoming a Digital Organizationb
creating content and providing
information, we now ensure that it’s
accessible digitally.”13
ƒƒ The“DigitalbyDefault”programlaunched
by the UK government, which aims
to transition government services
to digital, incorporates a digital-first
mindset. Digital government is a top
priority for each department.
Source: Adapted from Soule, D., Puram, A., Westerman, G. and Bonnet, D. “Becoming a Digital Organization: The Journey to Digital Dexterity” (September, 2015), Working
Paper, available at http://ssrn.com/abstract=2697688.”
b
This section adapted from Soule, D., Puram, A., Westerman, G. and Bonnet, D. “Becoming a Digital Organization: The Journey to Digital Dexterity” (September, 2015),
Working Paper, available at http://ssrn.com/abstract=2697688.”
Automate what
can be
Employ
data-driven
decisions
Encourage
collaborative
learning
Digital-First
Mindset
Data
Access &
Collaboration
Tools
Digital
Organization
Automate what can be
Employ data-driven decisions
Encourage collaborative
learning
Digitized
Practices
Empowered
Talent
Increase use of real-time
customer and
operations data
Introduce collaboration
tools
Prioritize digital solutions
Openly explore digital
opportunities
•
•
Develop digital skills across the firm
Increase engagement within
and beyond the enterprise
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
80% of digital
organizations said that
they take advantage
of digital solutions
wherever possible, as
against only 37% of all
firms.
Figure 6: Four Key Dimensions that Form the Foundations of All Digital Organizations
9
Three Steps to Building a Digital-First Mindset15
1. Communicate the benefits to build engagement
Explain the benefits and make digital transformation meaningful to key stakeholders. Traditional financial and
competitive rationales are important but not sufficient to engage employees’ hearts and minds. You need to articulate
how digital transformation will improve the way people do their jobs — making their work easier, better, faster, or
more fulfilling. You also need to adapt those messages for your different organizational communities. For example,
explain to your finance department how digital tools will increase the visibility and accuracy of financial reporting;
show your marketers how to get a more refined, data-rich view of their customer segmentation.
2. Walk the talk
By acting as a role model for the desired change and encouraging your colleagues to do so, you take the first
important step in earning the right to engage your employees. Coca-Cola faced huge challenges when it deployed
its internal social collaboration platform. Only when Coke’s executives became engaged on the platform did the
community become active. “With executive engagement, you don’t have to mandate activity.”16
3. Align reward structures to digital
The reward structures for sustaining digital transformation should not be just financial. Intangible incentives such as
status, reputation, recognition, expertise, and privileges are great managerial levers to drive employee motivation,
productivity, and ultimately reach your transformation goals. For example, Chilean mining company Codelco and
technology company EMC created internal innovation awards to promote new ideas, encourage workers to innovate,
and drive culture change.
ƒƒ Capital One’s CEO Richard Fairbank
has stated: “Digital is who we are
and how we do business. We need
to make digital how we do business
not only with our customers, but also
how we operate the company.”14
Today, more than 75% of Capital
One’s customer transactions happen
over digital channels.
Developing a digital-first mindset is
important in improving both digital
capability and digital dexterity. Leaders
with a digital-first mindset will invest
more in developing digital capabilities in
the customer experience, operational
efficiency and workforce enablement.
Since a digital-first mindset values
systematicexperimentationandcontinues
to keep a look out for new technologies,
digital dexterity is reinforced.
Digital is who we
are and how we do
business. We need to
make digital how we
do business not only
with our customers, but
also how we operate the
company.
– Richard Fairbank,
Capital One
10
Digitized Practices
Digitizedoperations,data-drivendecision-
making and collaborative learning are
essential practices for organizations’
adaptability and long-term resilience. In
our survey, 80% of digital organizations
believed that their core operational
processes were automated and digitized.
Across all firms this drops to 32% (see
Figure 7).
ƒƒ Digitized operations: Lloyds
Banking Group invested in a 4-year
technology program that automated
and simplified its unique business
processes from 700 to just 2317
.
Lloyds cut the time it took its staff to
close old accounts from 30 minutes
to 3 minutes and for customers to
transfer money to Individual Savings
Accounts (ISAs) from a couple of
days to within 24 hours. This initiative
also allowed Lloyds to achieve
annual savings of £352 million17
.
ƒƒ Data-driven decisions: P&G is a
leader in the use of data and analytics
practices for decision-making. They
support real-time decision making
through “Decision Cockpits” that
provide a single source of truth for
data to all decision-makers across
geographies and business units.
This in turn has helped P&G speed
up decision-making and reduce time
to market19
.
Source: Capgemini Consulting analysis
N=135; Percentages indicate share of organizations agreeing with each statement
80%
32%
90%
30%
38%
100%
51%
Our transactions with
suppliers are digitized
We systematically gather
and analyze process
data to improve how
we work
We make decisions
based on data and
analytics
Our leaders encourage
collaborative problem
solving
Digital Organizations All Firms
Our core operational
processes are
automated and digitized
80% 80%
29%
Collaboration without
regard to function,
geography, or silo will
help firms build their
dexterity.
ƒƒ Collaborative learning: Sodexo, a
global provider of on-site services,
uses a social learning program that
promotes peer-to-peer learning and
has helped break down functional
silos within the organization20
.
Collaboration without regard to
function, geography, or silo will help
firms build their dexterity. NTT Data
developed a collaborative learning
tool to build leadership skills among
its employees. The game has
successfully increased the number
of employees taking up leadership
roles by 50% compared to traditional
training methods21
.
P&G supports real-time
decision making through
“Decision Cockpits”
that provide a single
source of truth for data
to all decision-makers
across geographies and
business units.
Figure 7: How Digital Organizations Advance Their Practices and Operations
11
Collaborative learning also reinforces all
other practices, making it a critical quality
of a digital organization that embodies
dexterity. An EVP of a leading technology
design firm believes this means shifting
from a traditional view of organization
structure to something more dynamic.
“People have a natural way of working
across boundaries, interdependently,
Three Steps to Digitizing Your Practices22
1. Zero-Base Your Processes with Digital
Start by hitting refresh on your operational practices. Without being biased to current workflows, rethink your current practices
with a digital solution at the forefront. Encourage a systematic gathering and analyzing of data to not only drive decisions, but
identify improved ways of working – adapting your processes even further.
2. Encourage Adoption, Not Deployment of Tools
Implementations of tools that measure success in terms of live sites or licenses focus only on deployment, not adoption.
They miss the true value of their digital investments: collaboration among actively engaged users, smarter decision-making,
increased sharing of best practices and, over time, sustained behavior change. Encouraging employees to adopt digital tools
and technologies, and doing so visibly – through role modeling, gamification, rewards, or any other methods – can have a
significant impact on behaviors.
3. Institutionalize New Work Practices
Ensure new work practices become the default and adapt your management and people processes to institutionalize the
updated process. This should be a key opportunity for your HR or organization development functions to take a leadership role
in the transformation. Also, question your intuition—ensure that your most important managerial decisions are based on the
power of data and analytics. Fight against organization fragmentation and silo-based thinking. Encourage the transparency,
core process standardization, and operations efficiency that digital technologies provide.
which does not resemble a traditional
organization chart. We started to remove
business lines, and business groups, and
those vertical silos. Now, we have one of
the most fluid, dynamic organizations in
our company’s history.”23
Collaborative
learning, coupled with an engaged and
empowered workforce, offers significant
potential to accelerate a firm’s progress
along the path to digital dexterity.
Empowered Talent
In our survey, 70% of digital organizations
said that their enterprises have well-
established, well-distributed digital skills.
However, across all firms, this drops to just
14%. Digital organizations put a premium
on building widespread digital skills and
ensuring engagement for its people
within and beyond their organization’s
boundaries:
ƒƒ Intel added a Digital IQ training
program for all employees to
increase innovation, communication
and collaboration. Within two years,
more than 20,000 employees
completed the training24
. This sort
of commitment to learning can also
help an organization retain its key
talent and build an appreciation for
digital initiatives.
Engaging the workforce can often mean
changingthecultureandrewardstructures
of the organization. An executive in
charge of talent development emphasizes
the importance of engagement with
employees: “We’re trying to change our
culture because we’re trying to attract
a different kind of talent than we ever
needed before. The expectations of our
workforce are different. So, for example,
we’ve just added non-financial benefits
designed to help people feel that they
are involved in the spirit of the company,
engaged with the company.”26
70% of digital
organizations said
that their enterprises
have well-established,
well-distributed digital
skills. However, across
all firms, this drops to
just 14%.
12
Source: Capgemini Consulting analysis
N=135; Percentages indicate share of organizations agreeing with each statement
Digital Organizations All Firms
100%
90%
40%
We have access to
Integrated Operational
performance
58%
70%
36%
We have access to
Integrated - End user
data
We have access to
Real-time Financials
data
80%
29%
We have access to
Real-time Customer
data
Providing access to
data can empower and
engage an organization’s
workforce.
Navigating the Journey to a Digital
Organization
As they embark on the journey to
becoming a digital organization,
companies need to prioritize activities
depending on their stage of evolution
(see Figure 9).
ƒƒ Enterprises in the Stalling Stage can
begin by digitizing their practices to
gain immediate cost advantages
offered by digital technologies, which
could help them showcase early
wins. Only 5% of enterprises in the
“Stalling” stage said their operational
processes were automated and
Data Access & Collaboration
Tools
Digital organizations exhibit data capability
levels that are far more advanced than
their peers (see Figure 8). They use data
to drive new levels of efficiency and
customer responsiveness. For example,
UPS’s ORION system uses prescriptive
analytics that integrates its operations
and customer data to optimize delivery
requirements and route alternatives,
prompting drivers – in real time – to the
shortest, safe route out of its 200,000
options. This system is expected to save
UPS more than $300 million per year
once fully implemented.27
Providing access to data can also
empower and engage an organization’s
workforce. At 7-Eleven Japan (SEJ),
store managers can adjust any order
they have placed in real time. Managers
can even adjust orders on a daily basis,
such as ordering more hot food on days
that are expected to be cold and rainy.
In a company where more than 50% of
products are new each year, SEJ values
local input, giving full reign to store
managers to experiment on what will
“Ambitious employees will want to remain innovative so create opportunities for them to work on new initiatives. If they can
develop new skills at your company, an offer to work elsewhere will be less appealing.”25
– CEO of Wayfair.com
sell the most in their store. Successful
experiments then turn into innovations
that SEJ shares across all of its stores.28
Figure 8: Access to Real-Time Customer and Integrated Operations Data for Digital Organizations
13
tools. Compared to the Initiating
Stage, for example, 52% more will
usedigitaltechnologiestocollaborate
across boundaries and 46% more
will use technology to standardize
operations and reduce exceptions.
Increasing access to customer and
operations data and collaboration
tools will further increase the digital
capability of companies in this stage
of development.
ƒƒ Organizations in the Self-Reinforcing
Stage are digital organizations that
are exploring new opportunities
and addressing emerging design
possibilities for maintaining their
competitive advantage. Enterprises
in this stage understand that being
digital is an ongoing journey and use
their rare ability to self-organize and
reorganize to meet even the most
accelerated changes in their internal
and external environment.
An Organization’s Imperative
Many traditional brick and mortars
organizations have pushed forward their
digital agendas. They now have the
foundational capabilities that allow them
to engage in new ways with customers,
exploit big data and operate faster
and better. However, while they have
changed the way they do business, the
pace of business itself has not changed
for most. Digital businesses move faster
than traditional businesses and new
entrants, disruptive technology or fast
changing customer needs can quickly
expose expose companies’ inability to
adapt. To ensure they stay relevant in this
environment, organizations need to have
the agility to respond to disruption or even
disrupt their own core business. In today’s
uncertain, volatile and complex world, it is
digital dexterity that is of the essence in
an organization’s design. Dexterity means
your organization is truly rewired for the
digital age.
Source: Adapted from Soule, D., Puram, A., Westerman, G. and Bonnet, D. “Becoming a Digital Organization: The Journey to Digital Dexterity” (September, 2015),
Working Paper, available at http://ssrn.com/abstract=2697688.”
Stalling EngagingInitiating Self-Reinforcing
StrategiesDefinition
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Enterprises are grappling
with digital possibilities,
unclear on what is
practical and how to
achieve results for their
organization.
Enterprises are
mobilized to start the
transition, but still
unclear on what is
realistic to achieve.
Enterprise transitions
are underway and
experience the largest
growth.
Digital organizations that
are able to rapidly
reorganize and
self-organize to take
advantage of digital
opportunities.
Digitize Practices as they
offer early benefits:
Zero-base practices and
services with digital
technologies
Encourage adoption, not
deployment of tools by
relying on digitized
information to inform
decisions
Institutionalize new work
practices, encourage
transparency and
standardization that come
with digital technologies
Emphasize the
importance of digital:
Reinforce the benefits of
digital to individual
constituents
Walk the talk by acting as a
role model at the
leadership level
Improve reward structures
to digital including
non-financial and intangible
benefits
Enhance characteristics
based on digital
capability initiatives:
Improve access to
customer data to improve
customer experience and
operations data for
operational efficiency
Improve collaborative tools
and engagement
opportunities for workforce
enablement
Use organizational
characteristics to explore
new possibilities:
Use an engaged workforce
and digital-first mindset to
highlight new technologies
for you
Use digitized practices to
quickly respond to customer
needs and identify trends
Use collaboration within and
beyond your enterprise to
quickly form partnerships
digitized, whereas 80% in the “Self-
Reinforcing” stage said they were.
Firms will benefit by zero-basing
practices with digital, focusing
on adoption, and collaborating
across the firm when digitizing their
operations.
ƒƒ 56% of firms were in the Initiating
Stage, where they are mobilized
to begin the transition. While
mobilized for action, they still lack
certainty about the advantages
and practicality of digital solutions.
These organizations will benefit from
reinforcing a digital-first mindset
- reminding employees about the
benefits, leading by example, and
aligning reward structures.
ƒƒ As organizations reach the Engaging
Stage, they have developed
momentum and experience across
most dimensions, e.g. mindset,
practices, talent, data access and
Figure 9: Strategies on an Organization’s Journey to become a Digital Organization
14
How Digitally Mature is Your Organization?
This assessment can help you understand
where your organization stands on the
journey to becoming a digital organization.
The survey comprises 32 questions
to assess your organization’s position
across the four dimensions: a digital-first
mindset, digitized practices, empowered
talent, and data & tools capability.
How to use this assessment:
1.	 Assign a score between 1 and 6 for
your organization on each statement.
2.	 Calculate the score per characteristic
byaveragingthescoresforstatements
under that characteristic
3.	 Sum the average scores calculated
to arrive at the overall score for your
organization
To what extent do you agree
or disagree with the following
statements:
Strongly
Disagree
Disagree
Somewhat
Disagree
Somewhat
Agree
Agree
Strongly
Agree
Score
1 to 6
Average
Score per
Characteristic
Digital-First Mindset
We take advantage of digital
solutions wherever possible
1 2 3 4 5 6
People naturally think of digital
technologies when we consider
ways to improve
1 2 3 4 5 6
Practices: Digitized Operations
Our core operational processes
are automated and digitized
1 2 3 4 5 6
We monitor our operations in
real time
1 2 3 4 5 6
Our transactions with suppliers
are digitized
1 2 3 4 5 6
We standardize processes that
require human input
1 2 3 4 5 6
Practices: Data-Driven Decisions
We make decisions based on
data and analytics
1 2 3 4 5 6
We define clear expectations
and metrics for roles and
responsibilities
1 2 3 4 5 6
We systematically gather and
analyze process data to improve
how we work
1 2 3 4 5 6
Practices: Collaborative Learning
Our leaders encourage
collaborative problem solving
1 2 3 4 5 6
People collaborate seamlessly
across disciplines and specialties
1 2 3 4 5 6
Our leaders promote a culture of
experimentation and learning
1 2 3 4 5 6
Decision-making responsibility
is appropriately centralized or
decentralized
1 2 3 4 5 6
Our culture values information
transparency and openness
1 2 3 4 5 6
4.	 Compare the overall score with
the legend provided at the end
of the survey to understand your
organization’s digital maturity
5.	 To identify which characteristic
require most improvement,
undertake a relative comparison
between the average scores per
characteristic
Source: Assessment items adapted from research survey conducted by MIT Center for Digital Business and Capgemini Consulting
15
Talent: Technology Experience
Our organization has
experience with mobile devices
and applications
1 2 3 4 5 6
Our organization has
experience with social media
tools and data
1 2 3 4 5 6
Our organization has
experience with big data and
advanced analytics
1 2 3 4 5 6
Our organization has
experience with artificial
intelligence and machine
learning
1 2 3 4 5 6
Our organization has
experience with the internet
of things
1 2 3 4 5 6
Talent: Digital Skills
Digital skills are widely
distributed across our
enterprise
1 2 3 4 5 6
Our enterprise has the skills
necessary to conduct digital
initiatives
1 2 3 4 5 6
Talent: High Engagement
Our workers are self-motivated 1 2 3 4 5 6
Our workforce is highly
competent
1 2 3 4 5 6
We have a strong
entrepreneurial instinct
1 2 3 4 5 6
Data Access and Collaboration Tools
We have communication,
feedback, and collaboration
tools that make it easy to be
productive
1 2 3 4 5 6
We can access flexible
computing power and storage
(e.g. through cloud services and
external assets)
1 2 3 4 5 6
Characterize the availability
of the following in your
enterprise:
Completely
Unavailable
Unavailable
Somewhat
Unavailable
Somewhat
Available
Available
Completely
Available
Score
1 to 6
Average
Score per
Characteristic
Data Access and Collaboration Tools: Real-Time Customer Data
Real-time Customer Data 1 2 3 4 5 6
Integrated End-User Data 1 2 3 4 5 6
Data Access and Collaboration Tools: Integrated Operations Data
Integrated Financial Data 1 2 3 4 5 6
Integrated Operational
Performance Data
1 2 3 4 5 6
Integrated Product/service
Performance Data
1 2 3 4 5 6
Integrated Supply-chain
Performance Data
1 2 3 4 5 6
Overall Score
Overall Score Legend:
10 - 22.5 : Stalling - Your organization is grappling with digital possibilities and unclear on what is practical and how to achieve results
22.5 - 35 : Initiating - Your organization is mobilized to start the transition, but still unclear on what is realistic to achieve
35 - 47.5 : Engaging - Your organization’s transition is underway and can experience the most growth in characteristics
47.5 - 60 : Self-Reinforcing - Your organization has become a digital organization able to rapidly reorganize and self-organize to take
advantage of digital opportunities
Source: Assessment items adapted from research survey conducted by MIT Center for Digital Business and Capgemini Consulting
16
References
1	 History.com, “Ford’s assembly line starts rolling”, Accessed November 2015
2	 MIT Sloan Management Review, “How Starbucks Has Gone Digital”, April 2013
3	 Starbucks Investor Presentation, “Digital Overview – Adam Brotman, chief digital officer”, December 2014
4	 Harvard Business Review, “Digital Ubiquity: How Connections, Sensors, and Data Are Revolutionizing Business”, November
2014
5	 Capgemini Consulting, “Going Digital: General Electric and its Digital Transformation”, May 2015
6	 Forbes, “GE To Take On IBM In The Race For IOT Dominance”, September 2015
7	 ge.com, “GE to Open Up Predix Industrial Internet Platform to All Users”, September 2015
8	 ge.com, “A cloud purpose-built for industrial data and analytics: with Predix”, Accessed November 2015
9	 HSBC Investor Update, “Actions to Capture Value from our Global Presence in a Changed World”, June 2015
10	 MIT and Capgemini Consulting, “The Digital Advantage: How digital leaders outperform their peers in every industry”, 2013
11	 Interview conducted in June 2014 for MIT Center for Digital Business/Capgemini Consulting research
12	 Diginomica, “Digital doesn’t answer everything, says Guardian News & Media CDO”, October 2015
13	 Capgemini Consulting, “An interview with Kristin Peck, EVP WW Business Development & Innovation, Pfizer and John Young,
President & General Manager Primary Care, Pfizer”, November 2012
14	 Adapted from G. Westerman, D. Bonnet, and A. McAfee, “Leading Digital: Turning Technology into Business Transformation.”
(Boston: Harvard Business School Publishing, 2014)
15	 G. Westerman, D. Bonnet, and A. McAfee, “Leading Digital: Turning Technology into Business Transformation.” (Boston:
Harvard Business School Publishing, 2014)
16	 HBR, “Convincing Employees to Use New Technology”, September 2014
17	 ComputerWeekly.com, “Lloyds customer complaints plummet after automating manual processes”, June 2013
18	 Capgemini Consulting, “Backing up the Digital Front: Digitizing the Banking Back Office”, November 2013
19	 Capgemini Consulting, “Cracking the Data Conundrum: How Successful Companies Make Big Data Operational”, January
2015
20	 TechTarget.com, “Collaborative learning thrusts HR into vanguard of enterprise social trend”, October 2013
21	 Adapted from G. Westerman, D. Bonnet, and A. McAfee, “Leading Digital: Turning Technology into Business Transformation.”
(Boston: Harvard Business School Publishing, 2014)
22	 G. Westerman, D. Bonnet, and A. McAfee, “Leading Digital: Turning Technology into Business Transformation.” (Boston:
Harvard Business School Publishing, 2014)
23	 Interview conducted for this research in November 2014
24	 Harvard Business Review Blog, “Intel’s social media training”, February 2010
25	 Fortune, “3 ways to prevent your employees from quiting”, May 2015
26	 Interview conducted for this research in June 2014
27	 Wall Street Journal, “At UPS, the Algorithm Is the Driver”, February 2015
28	 G. Westerman, D. Bonnet, and A. McAfee, “Leading Digital: Turning Technology into Business Transformation.” (Boston:
Harvard Business School Publishing, 2014)
Research Methodology
Together with the MIT Center for Digital Business, we conducted a survey of 274 industry executives, representing
135 different enterprises across 28 countries. In addition to this survey, we jointly conducted in-depth interviews with
31 executives, representing enterprises from a range of industries. Digital Dexterity is measured from informants’
responses to key items from the survey relating to mindsets and behaviors. Digital Capability is measured
by averaging responses for survey items in three categories: Customer Experience, Operational Efficiency and
Workforce Enablement. The current report adapts findings from our original study [available at http://ssrn.com/
abstract=2697688] and adds new analysis conducted by Capgemini Consulting.
Rightshore®
is a trademark belonging to Capgemini
CapgeminiConsultingistheglobalstrategyandtransformation
consulting organization of the Capgemini Group, specializing
in advising and supporting enterprises in significant
transformation,frominnovativestrategytoexecutionandwith
an unstinting focus on results. With the new digital economy
creating significant disruptions and opportunities, our global
team of over 3,600 talented individuals work with leading
companiesandgovernmentstomasterDigitalTransformation,
drawing on our understanding of the digital economy and
our leadership in business transformation and organizational
change.
Find out more at: www.capgemini-consulting.com
Capgemini Consulting is the strategy and transformation consulting brand of Capgemini Group. The information contained in this document is proprietary.
© 2015 Capgemini. All rights reserved.
Authors
For more information contact
About Capgemini and the
Collaborative Business Experience
France
Stephane Regnier
stephane.regnier@capgemini.com
Sweden/ Finland
Ulf Holmgren
ulf.holmgren@capgemini.com
United States
Chris Miller
christopher.miller@capgemini.com
Norway
Anders Rygh
anders.rygh@capgemini.com
Netherlands
Marc Burger
marc.jc.burger@capgemini.com
Germany
Thomas Friedrich
thomas.friedrich@capgemini.com
United Kingdom
Didier Bonnet
didier.bonnet@capgemini.com
The authors would like to thank George Westerman and Deborah Soule of the MIT Center for Digital Business for their
contributions as well as Ashwin Gopakumar from Capgemini Consulting India.
DIGITALTRANSFORMATION
INSTITUTE
Digital Transformation
Institute
dti.in@capgemini.com
Subrahmanyam KVJ
Manager, Digital Transformation
Institute
subrahmanyam.kvj@capgemini.com
Didier Bonnet
Senior Vice President
didier.bonnet@capgemini.com
Akshita Deora Puram
Senior Consultant
akshita.puram@capgemini.com
Amol Khadikar
Senior Consultant, Digital
Transformation Institute
amol.khadikar@capgemini.com
With almost 145,000 people in over 40 countries, Capgemini is
one of the world’s foremost providers of consulting, technology
and outsourcing services. The Group reported 2014 global
revenues of EUR 10.573 billion. Together with its clients,
Capgemini creates and delivers business and technology
solutions that fit their needs and drive the results they want. A
deeply multicultural organization, Capgemini has developed its
own way of working, the Collaborative Business ExperienceTM,
and draws on Rightshore®
, its worldwide delivery model.
Learn more about us at www.capgemini.com.
Jerome Buvat
Head of Digital Transformation
Institute
jerome.buvat@capgemini.com
China
Julien Bourdinière
julien.bourdiniere@capgemini.com

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Digital Organization

  • 1. Organizing for Digital: Why Digital Dexterity Matters
  • 2. 2 Organizational Design is Key to Reaping the Rewards from Technology Adoption Figure 1: Labor Productivity in the Electrification Era Surged as Organizations Redesigned Operations Source: Adapted from Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee, “The Second Machine Age”, January 2014 In the late 19th century, the industrial world’s factories underwent a massive technology shift as electric power replaced steam. However, at the outset, electrification was not accompanied by significant changes in operations. As a result, it did not give productivity levels the expected shot in the arm. In fact, it took nearly three decades for productivity to surge, when factories used electrification to radically rethink their organizational design (see Figure 1). With electric motors, manufacturers realized they could power smaller groups of machines – and eventually individual machines – rather than all machines at once. These developments gave rise to efficient layouts, such as assembly lines, with Henry Ford famously reducing the time to build a car from 12 hours to 2.5 hours in 19131 . Productivity surged as a consequence of organizational change, not just the emergence of a new technology. Fast forward from the age of electricity in the 19th century to today’s digital 21st century, and we can see history repeating itself. Today’s Henry Fords – the General Electric. The aircraft engine to industrial products conglomerate understood the importance of large-scale organizational change in the journey to becoming a digital organization. Back 1915=100 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 1890 19301900 1910 1920 Productivity Surge CAGR of 2.5% over 15 years (1915 - 1930) 1913 - Ford’s Assembly Line Begins Operation CAGR of 1.16% over 25 years (1890 - 1915) LaborProductivity Year digital masters – are harnessing digital technologies to redesign their operations and create truly digital organizations: Starbucks. The company made organization change its top priority as it embarked on its digital transformation. It carved out an internal, venture capital- style incubator for digital technology called Starbucks Digital Ventures. The unit remained separate from the company’s Marketing and IT groups, but collaborated closely with both to drive innovation in the company’s digital strategy. Further, it brought key Today’s Henry Fords – the digital masters – are harnessing digital technologies to redesign their operations and create truly digital organizations. customer-facing initiatives under the chief digital officer’s purview in an effort to boost customer loyalty and growth. As Starbucks chief digital officer Adam Brotman says, “Before the CDO position was created, my job was web, mobile and social media. It wasn’t global digital marketing, it wasn’t card, and it wasn’t loyalty. Those were in three different separate groups in the organization. We realized those were all one thing and they all work best together. If you listed the vision for where we wanted to go with digital, it was encompassing all those things.”2 By bringing these fragmented responsibilities together, Starbucks strengthened its digital unit and set the stage for its digital leadership. Today, 12 millionpeopleactivelyuseStarbucksapps, conducting seven million transactions a week. Starbucks’ loyalty program has eight million active members, helping the company become one of retail’s most powerful mobile ecosystems3 .
  • 3. 3 N=135; Percentages indicate share of firms whose respondents report “Better than most” or “An Industry Leader” performance relative to their competitors or industry Source: Capgemini Consulting analysis and automating processes. Its simplified organizational structure will also eliminate nearly 1 ,000 dual reporting lines. in 2011, GE’s software efforts were distributed across the firm. Software talent, as well as products, were based in silos, creating a fragmented landscape and undermining its objectives. Moreover, analytics capabilities were limited. As GE’s chief digital officer, Bill Ruh, puts it, “Every one of our products had a different underpinning platform, architecture, technology, and set of vendors. It was taking us years to build the software, and years to get it out the door. And customers’ needs were changing too rapidly to keep up.”4 In the years that followed, Ruh and other senior leaders identified and eradicated key inefficiencies by consolidating and co-locating talent and building standard, enterprise-wide technology platforms. The company set aside $1.5 billion for boosting analytics capabilities5 , assembled 1200 software engineers, and formed GE Digital – which brings all of GE’s software and IT capabilities under one organization– to become the go-to-platform that powers the Industrial Internet6 . Today, GE monitors and analyzes 50 million data elements from 10 million sensors on $1 trillion of managed assets daily7 . Using the new platform, GE Aviation alone analyzed 340TB of data from 3.4 million flights on 25 airlines to improve asset performance and minimize disruptions8 . HSBC. The multinational banking and financial services organization has been under pressure to drive down its cost base in order to stay competitive. It also had to meet the growing industry-wide need for automation. These pressures forced HSBC towards a large-scale transformation that had organizational change at its heart9 . The transformation will shift 70% of its operations staff to offshore locations and plans to eliminate 750 legacy systems across different organizational units. The ultimate aim is to streamline IT and operations in order to generate up to $5 billion in cost savings and more than $1 billion of investment in digital. Furthermore, HSBC will significantly re-shape global finance and risk functions to save up to $700 million by re-engineering, simplifying Digital Organizations All Firms 90% 70% 80% 41% 35% 34% 46% 35% Customer Satisfaction Partnership Relationship Strength Innovativeness Profitability Growth 90% 80% GE set aside $1.5 billion for boosting analytics capabilities, assembled 1200 software engineers, and formed GE Digital – which brings all of GE’s software and IT capabilities under one organization. Figure 2: Digital Organizations Outperform their Peers
  • 4. 4 Digital Organizations Enjoy a Competitive Edge Our research shows that digital organizations – firms that have redesigned their organizations to adapt to digital while investing significantly in technology – reported that they outperformed competitors on key performance indicators, such as customer satisfaction andinnovation(seeFigure2).Forexample, 90% of digital organizations believe they achieve a class-leading performance in customer satisfaction. This drops to 41% across all respondents to the survey. Digital organizations enjoy a competitive edge and are better equipped to deal with future disruption. To understand more about the capabilities and qualities of these digital organizations, we launched an in-depth research study, together with MIT Center Digital organizations – firms that have redesigned their organizations to adapt to digital while investing significantly in technology – reported that they outperformed competitors on key performance indicators. for Digital Business, involving over 270 senior executives across 135 enterprises, 13 industries and 28 countries. In the following sections, we consider the key issues for organizations as they navigate the transition towards digital organizations. In this report, we provide: ƒƒ The blueprint of the digital organization and an assessment of the importance of dexterity in today’s fast-changing environment. ƒƒ A guide to becoming a digital organization: the mindset, practices, talent, and data and tools required. ƒƒ A self-assessment of your digital organizationmaturity,to understand where your organization sits on the spectrum from beginner to accomplished performer.
  • 5. 5 In our previous years’ research into digital transformation with the MIT Center for Digital Business, we showed how highly accomplished organizations are using investments in digital technologies to fundamentally transform their capabilities in key areas, from improving the customer experience to streamlining operations10 . However, in today’s volatile and disrupted world, capability leadership is not enough. Organizations also need to be nimble and flexible – dexterous – if they are to respond to ever-changing technology advances, emerging competitive disruptions, and changing customer needs (see Figure 3). Digital capability is how companies achieve specific tactical objectives, Source: Adapted from Soule, D., Puram, A., Westerman, G. and Bonnet, D. “Becoming a Digital Organization: The Journey to Digital Dexterity” (September, 2015), Working Paper, available at http://ssrn.com/abstract=2697688. Digital Capability is using digital technology to improve customer experience, internal operations or employee engagement. Digital Dexterity is the ability to self-organize to deliver new value from digital technologies Blueprinting Your Digital Organizationa such as providing services on a mobile application or facilitating customer self- service. A number of organizations have developed digital capabilities to work in new ways. For instance, over a third of respondents (36%) say their organization uses digital technologies to collaborate across organizational boundaries and 31% say they use digital to standardize operations. Digital dexterity is the ability to rapidly adapt to change: new technologies, changing customer expectations, industry shifts, or internally-driven resource allocation. Dexterity allows an organization to flex, as the COO of a leading services company describes. “We are very fluid,” he explains. “We tend to organize based on the information and the challenges that we face at hand. So, we […] reorganize frequently. And sometimes things are centralized, and sometimes things are decentralized11 . Enterprises with high levels of digital dexterity exhibit considerable flexibility in terms of their organization design, allowing enterprise divisions to pivot in response to market opportunities. They do so while working closely with technology partners and vendors to rapidly take advantage of new business opportunities. Dexterity:critical in a fast-changing world For Tanya Cordrey, Chief Digital Officer at Guardian News & Media, complexity and competitive intensity have reached new levels. “The world is getting more complicated,” she says. “We’re still wrestling with the enormous changes in the competitive landscape. Not only do we have a thousand-and-one fantastic little start-ups nibbling at our feet, you also have the likes of Google, Facebook and Apple who have decided to park tanks on the lawn of news. We have issues around new technologies and where news and content is delivered. We also have shifts in user behavior. All of those are changing all of the time.”12 Figure 3: A Digital Organization Combines Digital Capability with Digital Dexterity a This section adapted from Soule, D., Puram, A., Westerman, G. and Bonnet, D. “Becoming a Digital Organization: The Journey to Digital Dexterity” (September, 2015), Working Paper, available at http://ssrn.com/abstract=2697688.
  • 6. 6 Digital Dexterity Offers Significant Advantage Digital capabilities drive business results in key areas such as improving the customer experience, boosting employee engagement or enhancing internal operations. However, digital dexterity allows organizations to seize opportunities – and respond to disruptions and changes – much more quickly than their traditional competitors. Our research found that organizations that are high on digital dexterity are more responsive, better at finding talent, and able to self-organize at speed. They also enjoy significant advantages in identifying and re-deploying expertise when it is needed and are better at establishing partnerships (see Figure 4). Digital dexterity allows organizations to seize opportunities – and respond to disruptions and changes – much more quickly than their traditional competitors. Source: Capgemini Consulting analysis Firms with the Highest Level of Digital Dexterity All Firms 73% 80% 67% 13% 17% 10% 8% 15% It is easy to establish partnerships It is easy to detect emerging trends It is easy to self- organise quickly It is easy to find experts when needed It is easy to respond to customers’ individual needs and preferences 73% 40% N=135; Percentages indicate share of organizations agreeing with each statement But dexterous digital organizations like these are few and far between. This cadre of leading organizations exhibits a digital-first mindset, has digitized their operations at company-scale, and holds significant experience and skills in digital technologies. The workforce of digital organizations is highly engaged, collaborative and seamlessly uses technology tools, operations and customer data to deliver a superior performance. However, our analysis suggests that only 7% of companies have made the full transition to this level of sophistication. The majority of organizations are in a phase of transition - journeying towards becoming digital organizations in four key stages (see Figure 5). Figure 4: Advanced Level of Digital Dexterity is a Key Advantage over Competition
  • 7. 7 The majority of organizations are in a phase of transition - journeying towards becoming digital organizations in four key stages. Stalling – These organizations are grappling with the possibilities of digital and are unclear on how to deliver results. They are inflexible, without any significant digital capability and unable to respond to emerging trends and customer needs. Initiating – These firms are mobilized to start the transition. They invest in digital expertise and initiate partnerships to leverage digital opportunities. They start developing digital capabilities in digitizing operations, improving communication and collaboration, and controlling brand image. Engaging – Here, enterprise transition is underway. Firms have various digital capabilities in personalizing customer experience, simplifying routine tasks and enabling collaboration across the firm. They are able to detect emerging trends and respond to changing customer needs. Self-Reinforcing – At this stage of evolution, firms become highly flexible digital organizations. They are able to rapidly re-organize or self-organize to take advantage of new digital opportunities. They have developed advanced digital capabilities in improving customer Source: Capgemini Consulting analysis DigitalCapability:Useoftechnology Digital Dexterity: Ability to self-organize Stalling 16% Initiating 56% Engaging 21% Self-Reinforcing 7% experience, operations efficiency and workforce enablement. Figure 5: How Firms are Progressing to Become Digital Organizations
  • 8. 8 Every enterprise has the potential to become a digital organization, but it will require leadership, investment and tenacity. Drawing on our research, our experience in working with clients and interviews with industry practitioners, we have identified four dimensions that are critical (see Figure 6). ƒƒ Digital-First Mindset: seeking and prioritizing digital solutions first and foremost ƒƒ DigitizedPractices:digitizingoperations and encouraging collaborative ways of working and learning ƒƒ EmpoweredTalent: raisingthedigital IQ of the organization, developing key skills and increasing engagement ƒƒ DataAccess&CollaborationTools: accessing data and collaboration tools to drive innovation and share intelligence across the organization Digital-First Mindset A digital-first mindset is a distinguishing feature of a digital organization. It means that the default position of the organization is to employ a digital solution first. For instance, how does the organization connect with its customers? How does it redesign its core processes using the power of digital technologies? How does the organization think of addressing any new challenge using digital technologies rather than traditional approaches? In our research, 80% of digital organizations said that they take advantage of digital solutions wherever possible, as against only 37% of all firms. Leading organizations across the private and public sectors are taking this approach: ƒƒ At Pfizer, Kristen Peck, EVP of Business Development and Innovation, says: “Our approach is ‘think digital first.’ So when we’re Becoming a Digital Organizationb creating content and providing information, we now ensure that it’s accessible digitally.”13 ƒƒ The“DigitalbyDefault”programlaunched by the UK government, which aims to transition government services to digital, incorporates a digital-first mindset. Digital government is a top priority for each department. Source: Adapted from Soule, D., Puram, A., Westerman, G. and Bonnet, D. “Becoming a Digital Organization: The Journey to Digital Dexterity” (September, 2015), Working Paper, available at http://ssrn.com/abstract=2697688.” b This section adapted from Soule, D., Puram, A., Westerman, G. and Bonnet, D. “Becoming a Digital Organization: The Journey to Digital Dexterity” (September, 2015), Working Paper, available at http://ssrn.com/abstract=2697688.” Automate what can be Employ data-driven decisions Encourage collaborative learning Digital-First Mindset Data Access & Collaboration Tools Digital Organization Automate what can be Employ data-driven decisions Encourage collaborative learning Digitized Practices Empowered Talent Increase use of real-time customer and operations data Introduce collaboration tools Prioritize digital solutions Openly explore digital opportunities • • Develop digital skills across the firm Increase engagement within and beyond the enterprise • • • • • • • 80% of digital organizations said that they take advantage of digital solutions wherever possible, as against only 37% of all firms. Figure 6: Four Key Dimensions that Form the Foundations of All Digital Organizations
  • 9. 9 Three Steps to Building a Digital-First Mindset15 1. Communicate the benefits to build engagement Explain the benefits and make digital transformation meaningful to key stakeholders. Traditional financial and competitive rationales are important but not sufficient to engage employees’ hearts and minds. You need to articulate how digital transformation will improve the way people do their jobs — making their work easier, better, faster, or more fulfilling. You also need to adapt those messages for your different organizational communities. For example, explain to your finance department how digital tools will increase the visibility and accuracy of financial reporting; show your marketers how to get a more refined, data-rich view of their customer segmentation. 2. Walk the talk By acting as a role model for the desired change and encouraging your colleagues to do so, you take the first important step in earning the right to engage your employees. Coca-Cola faced huge challenges when it deployed its internal social collaboration platform. Only when Coke’s executives became engaged on the platform did the community become active. “With executive engagement, you don’t have to mandate activity.”16 3. Align reward structures to digital The reward structures for sustaining digital transformation should not be just financial. Intangible incentives such as status, reputation, recognition, expertise, and privileges are great managerial levers to drive employee motivation, productivity, and ultimately reach your transformation goals. For example, Chilean mining company Codelco and technology company EMC created internal innovation awards to promote new ideas, encourage workers to innovate, and drive culture change. ƒƒ Capital One’s CEO Richard Fairbank has stated: “Digital is who we are and how we do business. We need to make digital how we do business not only with our customers, but also how we operate the company.”14 Today, more than 75% of Capital One’s customer transactions happen over digital channels. Developing a digital-first mindset is important in improving both digital capability and digital dexterity. Leaders with a digital-first mindset will invest more in developing digital capabilities in the customer experience, operational efficiency and workforce enablement. Since a digital-first mindset values systematicexperimentationandcontinues to keep a look out for new technologies, digital dexterity is reinforced. Digital is who we are and how we do business. We need to make digital how we do business not only with our customers, but also how we operate the company. – Richard Fairbank, Capital One
  • 10. 10 Digitized Practices Digitizedoperations,data-drivendecision- making and collaborative learning are essential practices for organizations’ adaptability and long-term resilience. In our survey, 80% of digital organizations believed that their core operational processes were automated and digitized. Across all firms this drops to 32% (see Figure 7). ƒƒ Digitized operations: Lloyds Banking Group invested in a 4-year technology program that automated and simplified its unique business processes from 700 to just 2317 . Lloyds cut the time it took its staff to close old accounts from 30 minutes to 3 minutes and for customers to transfer money to Individual Savings Accounts (ISAs) from a couple of days to within 24 hours. This initiative also allowed Lloyds to achieve annual savings of £352 million17 . ƒƒ Data-driven decisions: P&G is a leader in the use of data and analytics practices for decision-making. They support real-time decision making through “Decision Cockpits” that provide a single source of truth for data to all decision-makers across geographies and business units. This in turn has helped P&G speed up decision-making and reduce time to market19 . Source: Capgemini Consulting analysis N=135; Percentages indicate share of organizations agreeing with each statement 80% 32% 90% 30% 38% 100% 51% Our transactions with suppliers are digitized We systematically gather and analyze process data to improve how we work We make decisions based on data and analytics Our leaders encourage collaborative problem solving Digital Organizations All Firms Our core operational processes are automated and digitized 80% 80% 29% Collaboration without regard to function, geography, or silo will help firms build their dexterity. ƒƒ Collaborative learning: Sodexo, a global provider of on-site services, uses a social learning program that promotes peer-to-peer learning and has helped break down functional silos within the organization20 . Collaboration without regard to function, geography, or silo will help firms build their dexterity. NTT Data developed a collaborative learning tool to build leadership skills among its employees. The game has successfully increased the number of employees taking up leadership roles by 50% compared to traditional training methods21 . P&G supports real-time decision making through “Decision Cockpits” that provide a single source of truth for data to all decision-makers across geographies and business units. Figure 7: How Digital Organizations Advance Their Practices and Operations
  • 11. 11 Collaborative learning also reinforces all other practices, making it a critical quality of a digital organization that embodies dexterity. An EVP of a leading technology design firm believes this means shifting from a traditional view of organization structure to something more dynamic. “People have a natural way of working across boundaries, interdependently, Three Steps to Digitizing Your Practices22 1. Zero-Base Your Processes with Digital Start by hitting refresh on your operational practices. Without being biased to current workflows, rethink your current practices with a digital solution at the forefront. Encourage a systematic gathering and analyzing of data to not only drive decisions, but identify improved ways of working – adapting your processes even further. 2. Encourage Adoption, Not Deployment of Tools Implementations of tools that measure success in terms of live sites or licenses focus only on deployment, not adoption. They miss the true value of their digital investments: collaboration among actively engaged users, smarter decision-making, increased sharing of best practices and, over time, sustained behavior change. Encouraging employees to adopt digital tools and technologies, and doing so visibly – through role modeling, gamification, rewards, or any other methods – can have a significant impact on behaviors. 3. Institutionalize New Work Practices Ensure new work practices become the default and adapt your management and people processes to institutionalize the updated process. This should be a key opportunity for your HR or organization development functions to take a leadership role in the transformation. Also, question your intuition—ensure that your most important managerial decisions are based on the power of data and analytics. Fight against organization fragmentation and silo-based thinking. Encourage the transparency, core process standardization, and operations efficiency that digital technologies provide. which does not resemble a traditional organization chart. We started to remove business lines, and business groups, and those vertical silos. Now, we have one of the most fluid, dynamic organizations in our company’s history.”23 Collaborative learning, coupled with an engaged and empowered workforce, offers significant potential to accelerate a firm’s progress along the path to digital dexterity. Empowered Talent In our survey, 70% of digital organizations said that their enterprises have well- established, well-distributed digital skills. However, across all firms, this drops to just 14%. Digital organizations put a premium on building widespread digital skills and ensuring engagement for its people within and beyond their organization’s boundaries: ƒƒ Intel added a Digital IQ training program for all employees to increase innovation, communication and collaboration. Within two years, more than 20,000 employees completed the training24 . This sort of commitment to learning can also help an organization retain its key talent and build an appreciation for digital initiatives. Engaging the workforce can often mean changingthecultureandrewardstructures of the organization. An executive in charge of talent development emphasizes the importance of engagement with employees: “We’re trying to change our culture because we’re trying to attract a different kind of talent than we ever needed before. The expectations of our workforce are different. So, for example, we’ve just added non-financial benefits designed to help people feel that they are involved in the spirit of the company, engaged with the company.”26 70% of digital organizations said that their enterprises have well-established, well-distributed digital skills. However, across all firms, this drops to just 14%.
  • 12. 12 Source: Capgemini Consulting analysis N=135; Percentages indicate share of organizations agreeing with each statement Digital Organizations All Firms 100% 90% 40% We have access to Integrated Operational performance 58% 70% 36% We have access to Integrated - End user data We have access to Real-time Financials data 80% 29% We have access to Real-time Customer data Providing access to data can empower and engage an organization’s workforce. Navigating the Journey to a Digital Organization As they embark on the journey to becoming a digital organization, companies need to prioritize activities depending on their stage of evolution (see Figure 9). ƒƒ Enterprises in the Stalling Stage can begin by digitizing their practices to gain immediate cost advantages offered by digital technologies, which could help them showcase early wins. Only 5% of enterprises in the “Stalling” stage said their operational processes were automated and Data Access & Collaboration Tools Digital organizations exhibit data capability levels that are far more advanced than their peers (see Figure 8). They use data to drive new levels of efficiency and customer responsiveness. For example, UPS’s ORION system uses prescriptive analytics that integrates its operations and customer data to optimize delivery requirements and route alternatives, prompting drivers – in real time – to the shortest, safe route out of its 200,000 options. This system is expected to save UPS more than $300 million per year once fully implemented.27 Providing access to data can also empower and engage an organization’s workforce. At 7-Eleven Japan (SEJ), store managers can adjust any order they have placed in real time. Managers can even adjust orders on a daily basis, such as ordering more hot food on days that are expected to be cold and rainy. In a company where more than 50% of products are new each year, SEJ values local input, giving full reign to store managers to experiment on what will “Ambitious employees will want to remain innovative so create opportunities for them to work on new initiatives. If they can develop new skills at your company, an offer to work elsewhere will be less appealing.”25 – CEO of Wayfair.com sell the most in their store. Successful experiments then turn into innovations that SEJ shares across all of its stores.28 Figure 8: Access to Real-Time Customer and Integrated Operations Data for Digital Organizations
  • 13. 13 tools. Compared to the Initiating Stage, for example, 52% more will usedigitaltechnologiestocollaborate across boundaries and 46% more will use technology to standardize operations and reduce exceptions. Increasing access to customer and operations data and collaboration tools will further increase the digital capability of companies in this stage of development. ƒƒ Organizations in the Self-Reinforcing Stage are digital organizations that are exploring new opportunities and addressing emerging design possibilities for maintaining their competitive advantage. Enterprises in this stage understand that being digital is an ongoing journey and use their rare ability to self-organize and reorganize to meet even the most accelerated changes in their internal and external environment. An Organization’s Imperative Many traditional brick and mortars organizations have pushed forward their digital agendas. They now have the foundational capabilities that allow them to engage in new ways with customers, exploit big data and operate faster and better. However, while they have changed the way they do business, the pace of business itself has not changed for most. Digital businesses move faster than traditional businesses and new entrants, disruptive technology or fast changing customer needs can quickly expose expose companies’ inability to adapt. To ensure they stay relevant in this environment, organizations need to have the agility to respond to disruption or even disrupt their own core business. In today’s uncertain, volatile and complex world, it is digital dexterity that is of the essence in an organization’s design. Dexterity means your organization is truly rewired for the digital age. Source: Adapted from Soule, D., Puram, A., Westerman, G. and Bonnet, D. “Becoming a Digital Organization: The Journey to Digital Dexterity” (September, 2015), Working Paper, available at http://ssrn.com/abstract=2697688.” Stalling EngagingInitiating Self-Reinforcing StrategiesDefinition • • • • • • • • • • • Enterprises are grappling with digital possibilities, unclear on what is practical and how to achieve results for their organization. Enterprises are mobilized to start the transition, but still unclear on what is realistic to achieve. Enterprise transitions are underway and experience the largest growth. Digital organizations that are able to rapidly reorganize and self-organize to take advantage of digital opportunities. Digitize Practices as they offer early benefits: Zero-base practices and services with digital technologies Encourage adoption, not deployment of tools by relying on digitized information to inform decisions Institutionalize new work practices, encourage transparency and standardization that come with digital technologies Emphasize the importance of digital: Reinforce the benefits of digital to individual constituents Walk the talk by acting as a role model at the leadership level Improve reward structures to digital including non-financial and intangible benefits Enhance characteristics based on digital capability initiatives: Improve access to customer data to improve customer experience and operations data for operational efficiency Improve collaborative tools and engagement opportunities for workforce enablement Use organizational characteristics to explore new possibilities: Use an engaged workforce and digital-first mindset to highlight new technologies for you Use digitized practices to quickly respond to customer needs and identify trends Use collaboration within and beyond your enterprise to quickly form partnerships digitized, whereas 80% in the “Self- Reinforcing” stage said they were. Firms will benefit by zero-basing practices with digital, focusing on adoption, and collaborating across the firm when digitizing their operations. ƒƒ 56% of firms were in the Initiating Stage, where they are mobilized to begin the transition. While mobilized for action, they still lack certainty about the advantages and practicality of digital solutions. These organizations will benefit from reinforcing a digital-first mindset - reminding employees about the benefits, leading by example, and aligning reward structures. ƒƒ As organizations reach the Engaging Stage, they have developed momentum and experience across most dimensions, e.g. mindset, practices, talent, data access and Figure 9: Strategies on an Organization’s Journey to become a Digital Organization
  • 14. 14 How Digitally Mature is Your Organization? This assessment can help you understand where your organization stands on the journey to becoming a digital organization. The survey comprises 32 questions to assess your organization’s position across the four dimensions: a digital-first mindset, digitized practices, empowered talent, and data & tools capability. How to use this assessment: 1. Assign a score between 1 and 6 for your organization on each statement. 2. Calculate the score per characteristic byaveragingthescoresforstatements under that characteristic 3. Sum the average scores calculated to arrive at the overall score for your organization To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements: Strongly Disagree Disagree Somewhat Disagree Somewhat Agree Agree Strongly Agree Score 1 to 6 Average Score per Characteristic Digital-First Mindset We take advantage of digital solutions wherever possible 1 2 3 4 5 6 People naturally think of digital technologies when we consider ways to improve 1 2 3 4 5 6 Practices: Digitized Operations Our core operational processes are automated and digitized 1 2 3 4 5 6 We monitor our operations in real time 1 2 3 4 5 6 Our transactions with suppliers are digitized 1 2 3 4 5 6 We standardize processes that require human input 1 2 3 4 5 6 Practices: Data-Driven Decisions We make decisions based on data and analytics 1 2 3 4 5 6 We define clear expectations and metrics for roles and responsibilities 1 2 3 4 5 6 We systematically gather and analyze process data to improve how we work 1 2 3 4 5 6 Practices: Collaborative Learning Our leaders encourage collaborative problem solving 1 2 3 4 5 6 People collaborate seamlessly across disciplines and specialties 1 2 3 4 5 6 Our leaders promote a culture of experimentation and learning 1 2 3 4 5 6 Decision-making responsibility is appropriately centralized or decentralized 1 2 3 4 5 6 Our culture values information transparency and openness 1 2 3 4 5 6 4. Compare the overall score with the legend provided at the end of the survey to understand your organization’s digital maturity 5. To identify which characteristic require most improvement, undertake a relative comparison between the average scores per characteristic Source: Assessment items adapted from research survey conducted by MIT Center for Digital Business and Capgemini Consulting
  • 15. 15 Talent: Technology Experience Our organization has experience with mobile devices and applications 1 2 3 4 5 6 Our organization has experience with social media tools and data 1 2 3 4 5 6 Our organization has experience with big data and advanced analytics 1 2 3 4 5 6 Our organization has experience with artificial intelligence and machine learning 1 2 3 4 5 6 Our organization has experience with the internet of things 1 2 3 4 5 6 Talent: Digital Skills Digital skills are widely distributed across our enterprise 1 2 3 4 5 6 Our enterprise has the skills necessary to conduct digital initiatives 1 2 3 4 5 6 Talent: High Engagement Our workers are self-motivated 1 2 3 4 5 6 Our workforce is highly competent 1 2 3 4 5 6 We have a strong entrepreneurial instinct 1 2 3 4 5 6 Data Access and Collaboration Tools We have communication, feedback, and collaboration tools that make it easy to be productive 1 2 3 4 5 6 We can access flexible computing power and storage (e.g. through cloud services and external assets) 1 2 3 4 5 6 Characterize the availability of the following in your enterprise: Completely Unavailable Unavailable Somewhat Unavailable Somewhat Available Available Completely Available Score 1 to 6 Average Score per Characteristic Data Access and Collaboration Tools: Real-Time Customer Data Real-time Customer Data 1 2 3 4 5 6 Integrated End-User Data 1 2 3 4 5 6 Data Access and Collaboration Tools: Integrated Operations Data Integrated Financial Data 1 2 3 4 5 6 Integrated Operational Performance Data 1 2 3 4 5 6 Integrated Product/service Performance Data 1 2 3 4 5 6 Integrated Supply-chain Performance Data 1 2 3 4 5 6 Overall Score Overall Score Legend: 10 - 22.5 : Stalling - Your organization is grappling with digital possibilities and unclear on what is practical and how to achieve results 22.5 - 35 : Initiating - Your organization is mobilized to start the transition, but still unclear on what is realistic to achieve 35 - 47.5 : Engaging - Your organization’s transition is underway and can experience the most growth in characteristics 47.5 - 60 : Self-Reinforcing - Your organization has become a digital organization able to rapidly reorganize and self-organize to take advantage of digital opportunities Source: Assessment items adapted from research survey conducted by MIT Center for Digital Business and Capgemini Consulting
  • 16. 16 References 1 History.com, “Ford’s assembly line starts rolling”, Accessed November 2015 2 MIT Sloan Management Review, “How Starbucks Has Gone Digital”, April 2013 3 Starbucks Investor Presentation, “Digital Overview – Adam Brotman, chief digital officer”, December 2014 4 Harvard Business Review, “Digital Ubiquity: How Connections, Sensors, and Data Are Revolutionizing Business”, November 2014 5 Capgemini Consulting, “Going Digital: General Electric and its Digital Transformation”, May 2015 6 Forbes, “GE To Take On IBM In The Race For IOT Dominance”, September 2015 7 ge.com, “GE to Open Up Predix Industrial Internet Platform to All Users”, September 2015 8 ge.com, “A cloud purpose-built for industrial data and analytics: with Predix”, Accessed November 2015 9 HSBC Investor Update, “Actions to Capture Value from our Global Presence in a Changed World”, June 2015 10 MIT and Capgemini Consulting, “The Digital Advantage: How digital leaders outperform their peers in every industry”, 2013 11 Interview conducted in June 2014 for MIT Center for Digital Business/Capgemini Consulting research 12 Diginomica, “Digital doesn’t answer everything, says Guardian News & Media CDO”, October 2015 13 Capgemini Consulting, “An interview with Kristin Peck, EVP WW Business Development & Innovation, Pfizer and John Young, President & General Manager Primary Care, Pfizer”, November 2012 14 Adapted from G. Westerman, D. Bonnet, and A. McAfee, “Leading Digital: Turning Technology into Business Transformation.” (Boston: Harvard Business School Publishing, 2014) 15 G. Westerman, D. Bonnet, and A. McAfee, “Leading Digital: Turning Technology into Business Transformation.” (Boston: Harvard Business School Publishing, 2014) 16 HBR, “Convincing Employees to Use New Technology”, September 2014 17 ComputerWeekly.com, “Lloyds customer complaints plummet after automating manual processes”, June 2013 18 Capgemini Consulting, “Backing up the Digital Front: Digitizing the Banking Back Office”, November 2013 19 Capgemini Consulting, “Cracking the Data Conundrum: How Successful Companies Make Big Data Operational”, January 2015 20 TechTarget.com, “Collaborative learning thrusts HR into vanguard of enterprise social trend”, October 2013 21 Adapted from G. Westerman, D. Bonnet, and A. McAfee, “Leading Digital: Turning Technology into Business Transformation.” (Boston: Harvard Business School Publishing, 2014) 22 G. Westerman, D. Bonnet, and A. McAfee, “Leading Digital: Turning Technology into Business Transformation.” (Boston: Harvard Business School Publishing, 2014) 23 Interview conducted for this research in November 2014 24 Harvard Business Review Blog, “Intel’s social media training”, February 2010 25 Fortune, “3 ways to prevent your employees from quiting”, May 2015 26 Interview conducted for this research in June 2014 27 Wall Street Journal, “At UPS, the Algorithm Is the Driver”, February 2015 28 G. Westerman, D. Bonnet, and A. McAfee, “Leading Digital: Turning Technology into Business Transformation.” (Boston: Harvard Business School Publishing, 2014) Research Methodology Together with the MIT Center for Digital Business, we conducted a survey of 274 industry executives, representing 135 different enterprises across 28 countries. In addition to this survey, we jointly conducted in-depth interviews with 31 executives, representing enterprises from a range of industries. Digital Dexterity is measured from informants’ responses to key items from the survey relating to mindsets and behaviors. Digital Capability is measured by averaging responses for survey items in three categories: Customer Experience, Operational Efficiency and Workforce Enablement. The current report adapts findings from our original study [available at http://ssrn.com/ abstract=2697688] and adds new analysis conducted by Capgemini Consulting.
  • 17. Rightshore® is a trademark belonging to Capgemini CapgeminiConsultingistheglobalstrategyandtransformation consulting organization of the Capgemini Group, specializing in advising and supporting enterprises in significant transformation,frominnovativestrategytoexecutionandwith an unstinting focus on results. With the new digital economy creating significant disruptions and opportunities, our global team of over 3,600 talented individuals work with leading companiesandgovernmentstomasterDigitalTransformation, drawing on our understanding of the digital economy and our leadership in business transformation and organizational change. Find out more at: www.capgemini-consulting.com Capgemini Consulting is the strategy and transformation consulting brand of Capgemini Group. The information contained in this document is proprietary. © 2015 Capgemini. All rights reserved. Authors For more information contact About Capgemini and the Collaborative Business Experience France Stephane Regnier stephane.regnier@capgemini.com Sweden/ Finland Ulf Holmgren ulf.holmgren@capgemini.com United States Chris Miller christopher.miller@capgemini.com Norway Anders Rygh anders.rygh@capgemini.com Netherlands Marc Burger marc.jc.burger@capgemini.com Germany Thomas Friedrich thomas.friedrich@capgemini.com United Kingdom Didier Bonnet didier.bonnet@capgemini.com The authors would like to thank George Westerman and Deborah Soule of the MIT Center for Digital Business for their contributions as well as Ashwin Gopakumar from Capgemini Consulting India. DIGITALTRANSFORMATION INSTITUTE Digital Transformation Institute dti.in@capgemini.com Subrahmanyam KVJ Manager, Digital Transformation Institute subrahmanyam.kvj@capgemini.com Didier Bonnet Senior Vice President didier.bonnet@capgemini.com Akshita Deora Puram Senior Consultant akshita.puram@capgemini.com Amol Khadikar Senior Consultant, Digital Transformation Institute amol.khadikar@capgemini.com With almost 145,000 people in over 40 countries, Capgemini is one of the world’s foremost providers of consulting, technology and outsourcing services. The Group reported 2014 global revenues of EUR 10.573 billion. Together with its clients, Capgemini creates and delivers business and technology solutions that fit their needs and drive the results they want. A deeply multicultural organization, Capgemini has developed its own way of working, the Collaborative Business ExperienceTM, and draws on Rightshore® , its worldwide delivery model. Learn more about us at www.capgemini.com. Jerome Buvat Head of Digital Transformation Institute jerome.buvat@capgemini.com China Julien Bourdinière julien.bourdiniere@capgemini.com