Since its inception in 1962, Walmart has always been a front-runner in the retail industry. However, in 2011, Walmart was lagging behind in digital business. Its e-commerce site was basic, lacking in intuitive search and its e-commerce revenue was rising linearly way behind Amazon and Staples. Fast-forward to today, and Walmart is accelerating its digital transformation, capitalizing on several early wins. Between 2011 and 2014, Walmart’s e-commerce sales grew nearly 150% from $4.9 billion to $12.2 billion. Today, Walmart has overtaken Staples to become the world’s third largest online retailer after Amazon and Apple, in terms of 2014 online sales.
So, how did Walmart transform itself from a traditional retail giant to a rising digital star?
The answer lies in Walmart’s aggressive foray into digital, starting during the reign of ex-CEO Mike Duke. Mike Duke wanted to transform Walmart from a company known for its rigid yet effective business processes into one that was “entrepreneurial, experimental and flexible”. In a 2011 address, he said: “In global e‐commerce, we will not just be competing; we will play to win”. True to his words in the years that followed, Walmart laid a foundation to play a lead role in the next generation of retail. Armed with units that foster digital innovation - Global eCommerce and @WalmartLabs, Walmart is reinventing itself for a digital age. Walmart is converging its traditional strengths in distribution networks with digital innovations in newer ways to drive growth. Walmart’s digital transformation offers numerous lessons and insights for other major enterprises looking to innovate in a digital economy.
2. 2
Walmart:Traditional Retail Giant to a Rising
Digital Star
Between 2011 and 2014,
Walmart’s e-commerce
sales grew nearly 150%
from $4.9 billion to
$12.2 billion.
Figure 1: Leading Online Retailers (By Revenue) 2009-2013, Excluding Amazon and Apple
Source: Wall Street Journal, “Wal-Mart Notches Web Win Against Rival Amazon”, May 2014
From Bricks to a Foundation
of Clicks
It wouldn’t be an overstatement to
term 2011 as a breakthrough year for
Walmart’s digital transformation. In early
2011, Walmart was struggling to break
new ground with its online business. Its
e-commerce site was basic, lacking in
intuitive search and unable to connect
seamlessly with stores or supply chain1
.
Its e-commerce revenue was rising
linearly, in tandem with other retail players
like Sears and Macy’s, way behind
Amazon and Staples (see Figure 1)2
.
Fast-forward to today, and Walmart is
accelerating its digital transformation,
capitalizing on several early wins. Between
2011 and 2014, Walmart’s e-commerce
sales grew nearly 150% from $4.9 billion
to $12.2 billion3
. In 2014, it surpassed
Staples’ $10.9 billion in FY 2014 online
sales, becoming the largest online retailer
after Amazon and Apple4
.
In 2014, Walmart also succeeded in
growing its global internet sales faster than
Amazon, its key competitor in the online
retail space5
(Walmart’s 30% exceeding
Amazon’s 20%). By September 2014,
monthly unique visitors to Walmart.com
had climbed to more than 72 million,
outpacing the visitor growth of some of its
key online rivals between 2011 and 2014
(see Figure 2)6
.
To a large extent, the foundation for this
transformation was laid during the tenure
of CEO Mike Duke, which began in 2009.
Mike Duke wanted to transform Walmart
from a company known for its unyielding
yet effective business processes into one
that was “entrepreneurial, experimental
and flexible”7
. In a June 2011 address
to shareholders, he said, “With our
stores and low prices, we can really take
advantage of mobile technology and
this era of price transparency. We can
combine our stores, our systems and our
logistics expertise into one continuous
channel to drive growth and serve the
Next Generation Customer around
the world. So let me be very clear -- in
global e-commerce, we will not just be
competing; we will play to win.8
” So,
how did Walmart really play to win? The
answer lies in Walmart’s aggressive foray
into digital.
3.5
4.1
4.9
7.7
10.03
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Walmart
Staples
Sears
Liberty Interactive (QVC)
Netflix
Macy's
Online
Revenues
($ billions)
3. 3
Figure 2: Leading Online Retailers’ Growth in Average Monthly Unique Visitors, 2011-2014 (%)
Source: Capgemini Consulting Analysis; comScore, “State of the U. S. Online Retail Economy Q2 2011”, August 2011; comScore, “comScore Ranks the Top 50 U.S.
Digital Media Properties for August 2014”, September 2014
71
83
112
Walmart Global
eCommerce:The
Cornerstone of Walmart’s
Digital Transformation
In 2010, Walmart established its Global
eCommerce Division by consolidating its
ecommerce activities around the world,
setting the stage for an organization-
wide effort to build a digital footprint
and integrate it with physical shopping
experience9
. Based in San Bruno in Silicon
Valley, Walmart Global eCommerce was
tasked with overseeing all e-commerce
for Walmart. Its key responsibilities
included: running Walmart’s ten websites
worldwide, building and testing cutting-
edge technology at @WalmartLabs,
and building Walmart’s eCommerce
capabilities (see Figure 3)10
.
Making swift progress on its goals,
the division revamped Walmart.com’s
search engine in its first year, improving
conversion of online visitors to buyers
by 10 to 15%11
. In the next few years,
Walmart scaled up Global eCommerce
to more than 3600 associates worldwide,
with more than 2200 of them in Silicon
Valley. A thousand Silicon Valley
associates were hired in 2014 alone. The
division also made 14 acquisitions in the
last three years12
.
Fostering Digital Innovation
with @WalmartLabs
Walmart’s Global eCommerce division
holds a key constituent - @WalmartLabs,
which has played a crucial role in furthering
digital innovation. @WalmartLabs came
into being in May 2011 as part of Global
eCommerce, gaining momentum from
Walmart’s acquisition of social media firm
Kosmix13
. @WalmartLabs was designed
to be an idea incubator, with a mission
“to build products that seamlessly
integrate the online and in-store shopping
experiences for millions of customers”14
.
In global e-commerce,
we will not just be
competing; we will play
to win.
–Mike Duke, Walmart CEO
(2009-2014)
4. 4
Figure 3: Key Responsibilities and Initiatives of Walmart Global eCommerce
Running Walmart’s Ten
Websites Worldwide
Building and Testing
Cutting-Edge Technology at
@WalmartLabs
Building Walmart’s
eCommerce Capabilities
Running Walmart’s websites for
its operations in: US, UK, China,
Brazil, Canada, Japan, Mexico,
Argentina, Chile and South Africa
@WalmartLabs is an idea
incubator to build products
that seamlessly integrate
shoppers’ online and in-store
shopping experience
Creating online fulfillment centers
across the U.S.
Building a new operating system
for commerce – Pangaea
Walmart websites offer more than 7
million stock keeping units (SKUs)
Seamlessly connects with stores
and warehouses to offer customers
a host of shipping options
Consistently updating website and
mobile apps with new features
Leverages customer data and
social insights to predict customer
behavior
Pangaea will be Walmart’s new
foundation for serving customers
digitally
Online fulfillment centers will help
propel the next level of growth
Responsibilities
Actions
Source: Company website; Walmart Global eCommerce Overview
Referring to @WalmartLabs in 2012, Neil
Ashe, Walmart’s e-commerce chief said:
“We’re going to find ways to live at the
edge. Every three or six months, you’ll
see something come out from us that will
make you say ‘WOW’.” True to his words,
@WalmartLabs has been instrumental
in churning out a series of innovative
digital products. Among @WalmartLabs’
innovations are: Walmart’s mobile apps
with features that deliver a personalized
experience, a next-generation search
engine, Shopycat (a Facebook app that
recommends gifts for friends based
on their Facebook activity), Goodies
(a subscription service that delivers a
gourmet food box to customers for
seven dollars a month) and a multitude
of other projects that engage and reward
customers.
@WalmartLabs’ ability to consistently
churn out innovative products can be
traced in a large degree to the unique
digital skills of its people and its startup
culture. As Venky Harinayaran, co-
founder of Kosmix and then SVP at
Walmart, puts it: “We organize teams as
mini-startups with six to eight people.
One person acts as CEO, and they have
a clear business goal. We step out of the
way and let these guys run it.15
” A setup
like this ensures that idea generation and
execution happens rapidly, similar to a
startup.
Walmart is set to make further strides
in e-commerce and digital as it plans
to step up its investment in these areas
from $1 billion in FY 2015 to between
$1.2 and $1.5 billion for FY 201616
. In the
following pages, we explore how Walmart
is working towards ushering in the next
generation of retail.
Every three or six
months, you’ll see
something come out
from us that will make
you say ‘WOW’.
–Neil Ashe, President and CEO,
Global eCommerce, Walmart
5. 5
Leading the Next Generation of Retail by
Converging Digital and Physical
In a 2013 announcement, Bill Simon,
Walmart US President and CEO, clearly
laid out Walmart’s commitment to play a
lead role in the next generation of retail.
He said: “We believe our multi-format
portfolio will fuel the next generation of
retail, enable the convergence of digital
and physical store locations through
e-commerce and unlock value, giving our
customers anytime, anywhere access
to Walmart.17
” Essentially, the aim of this
integration of physical and digital is to
combine Walmart’s traditional strengths
in stores and distribution networks with
its online and mobile experience. The end
result for customers will be a faster, easier
shopping experience with the promise
of further savings. To realize this vision,
Walmart has embarked on a number of
initiatives (see Figure 4).
Reaching Customers Faster
with Online Fulfillment
Centers
Walmart has been heavily investing
in building Online Fulfillment Centers
(OFCs) or warehouses dedicated to
serve online orders. These fulfillment
centers will play a key role in Walmart’s
plans to scale up online sales close to
threefold, reaching $35 billion by 201818
.
Until late in 2013, Walmart had only one
distribution center dedicated to serving
Internet orders. However, it opened a
new, 800,000 square feet OFC in Texas
in October 2013 and announced a new,
one million square feet facility19
. Walmart
also recently announced plans to open
four such facilities, each more than one
million square feet in area20
.
OFCs differ from traditional storehouses
by making it easier and faster to assemble
individual online orders through the use of
robots and computer-controlled chutes.
Faster assembly and shipment cut down
the overall time required to fulfill orders,
enabling Walmart to offer flexible shipping
options to customers. For example,
same-day delivery, expedited delivery
and site-to-store (free shipping on online
orders that customers can pick up from
a Walmart store). In 2013, an algorithm
developed by WalmartLabs helped
Walmart speed up delivery by 15% and
reduce delivery costs by 10% in two
years21
.
Fulfilling the Core Brand
Promise with Intuitive
Mobile Apps
Today, more than 50 percent of Walmart.
com traffic in the US comes from mobile
devices22
. Realizing the potential of
mobile for Walmart’s business, Neil Ashe,
President and CEO of Walmart Global
eCommerce, said: “In the UK, one-third
of online sales for Asda are coming from
smart phones. And customers who shop
the combination of Walmart’s stores,
website and mobile apps happen to be
great customers. In fact, they spend twice
as much inside our stores as customers
who aren’t using our website and apps.23
”
Over the years, mobile has become a
key channel reinforcing Walmart’s core
promise of ‘Save Money. Live Better’.
Figure 4: Initiatives Aimed at Realizing Walmart’s Vision of the Next
Generation of Retail
Source: Capgemini Consulting Analysis
Walmart Digital
Initiatives
Employing
Social Insights
to Understand and
Serve Customers Better
Reaching Customers
Faster with Online
Fulfillment Centers
Taking Mobile
Assistance to the
Next Level with
Intuitive Apps
Forecasting Demand
to Better Plan
Inventory
Online Fulfillment
Centers will play a key
role in Walmart’s plans to
scale up online sales close
to threefold, reaching $35
billion by 2018.
6. 6
Figure 5: Snapshots of Some of Walmart Mobile App’s Key Features
Source: App Stores on iTunes and Google Play Store
Today, more than 50
percent of Walmart.com
traffic in the US comes
from mobile devices.
Over the years, mobile
has become a key channel
reinforcing Walmart’s
core promise of ‘Save
Money. Live Better’.
In 2012, Walmart added geo-fencing
to its app, a feature that senses when
a customer enters a Walmart store and
allows him/her to browse the store’s local
ads, offers and item locations24
. The app
allows customers to scan product bar
codes and QR codes to access product
information,ratings,reviewsandadditional
content. Walmart further updated the
app in 2014 to help customers pinpoint
the exact aisle location of a product in its
stores25
. The app also allows customers
to create shopping lists by speaking into
their phones, use digital coupons and
even tally the total price of their cart in
real-time as they add items. To further
strengthen its core promise of offering
competitive prices, Walmart launched
another app feature called “Savings
Catcher”. It matches prices from other
stores and upon finding a difference,
issues a gift coupon worth the difference
(see Figure 5)26
. Walmart estimates that
nearly 50% of Walmart smartphone users
in Q1 2014 used the device to assist with
their shopping decision27
.
Combining Social Media
and Big Data Analytics
to Offer a Personalized
Shopping Experience
Walmart CEO Douglas Mcmillon’s
expressed the importance of data when he
said: “Walmart now has about 30 petabyte
of shopping information. For years, our
data has helped us run our stores around
the world. Now, it is helping us personalize
the shopping experience in ways that
let us serve customers even better.28
”
Utilizing the treasure trove of data that it
has gathered, Walmart is able to suggest
more relevant bundle values, coupons,
customized product recommendations,
simplified payments, and information on
nearest stores29
. Walmart does this by
analyzing individual purchasing behavior,
search histories and other web interactions
as well as social media footprints.
An example of Walmart’s use of Big Data
and social media is ‘Shopycat’, a Facebook
app developed by @WalmartLabs that
helps customers discover suitable gifts
for their friends and family30
. The app
analyzes behavior on social media to build
a picture of the hobbies and interests of
the friends of customers and arrives at
gift recommendations for them. Another
example of Walmart’s intelligent use of data
is its ‘Polaris’ search engine, which powers
its website and mobile apps. ‘Polaris’
uses semantic search technology31
that
understands the contextual meaning of
shopper’s search and generates more
meaningful results32
. For instance, when a
customer who regularly searches for movies
tweets that they “love Salt”, the search
engine recognizes that the customer is
referring to the Hollywood movie Salt and
not table salt33
. The use of Polaris helped
Walmart improve conversion of online visitors
to customers by 10% - 15%.
7. 7
Walmart’s Polaris Search
Engine uses semantic
search technology that
understands the contextual
meaning of shopper’s
search and generates more
meaningful results.
Tapping the Power of
Analytics to Optimize
Inventory Management
Walmart is employing analytics not just
to enhance the customer experience but
also to make better decisions in managing
swathesofinventory.TeamsatWalmartLabs
use visualization techniques to analyze
social activity to capture insights that may
indicate changes in product demand.
Walmart can then use these insights to
stock extra inventory at locations where it
expects higher demand and reduce it from
locations with lower demand. Arun Prasath,
Principal Engineer at WalmartLabs,
outlines the use case: “Social buzz typically
precedes retail buzz. Our goal is to tap
into this social buzz and help Walmart
with decision-making on aspects like
inventory and assortment. As an example,
a reasonable spike in social activity about
Sony’s new Android phone Xperia Z, few
days ahead of its actual launch, can help
our merchants make smarter decisions
ahead of time” (see Figure 6)34
.
Source: WalmartLabs Blog
Figure 6: Using Social Media Analytics to Forecast Product Demand
Walmart has been able to
predict demand patterns
for some uncommon
products, such as cake-
pop makers and electric
juicers, by uncovering
their associations with
other products that have a
bearing on their demand.
Research estimates that Walmart has
been able to reduce its out-of-stock
inventory by up to 16% by introducing
technologies like RFID into its supply
chain35
. Walmart has even been able
to predict demand patterns for some
uncommon products, such as cake-pop
makers and electric juicers, by uncovering
their associations with other products that
have a bearing on their demand36
.
8. 8
How Does Walmart Stay Ahead in Digital
Innovation?
Walmart’s digital transformation offers
salutary lessons and insights for other
major enterprises looking to innovate in
a digital economy. Walmart has driven
growth and increased performance
through sustained digital innovation
owing to its digital-savvy leadership,
strategic acquisitions, its ability to attract
digital talent, and a culture of innovation.
Digital-Savvy Leadership
A digital transformation, like any
significant enterprise-wide change,
requires committed and strong top-down
leadership. In the past few years, Walmart
has been working on building a team of
senior leaders with established credentials
in leading digital enterprises. Current
President and CEO of Global eCommerce
division at Walmart, Neil Ashe, is former
President of CBS Interactive. Fernando
Madeira, current President and CEO of
Walmart.com, is former CEO of Terra, the
largest internet portal in Latin America.
Similarly, Walmart’s board includes
Marissa Mayer, President and CEO of
Yahoo! Inc and Kevin Systrom, CEO and
co-founder of Instagram. All of them and
other leaders have played a key role in
shaping Walmart’s digital strategy.
Strategic Acquisitions to
Bolster Digital Capabilities
Since 2011, Walmart has acquired and
integrated a number of startups to boost
its digital capabilities (see Figure 7)37
. One
of these acquisitions was Kosmix which
was instrumental in shaping WalmartLabs
in its early days. WalmartLabs has been
particularly focused on acquiring startups
that have pioneered use of mobile, data
analytics, search, advertising, social
shopping and social media. Walmart has
absorbed most of the talent it gained from
these acquisitions into WalmartLabs. The
constant infusion of fresh talent has helped
Walmartconsistentlyupgradekeyfeatures
of its digital properties. For instance,
Walmart aimed to rope in the talent
from Adchemy for product classification
and search engine optimization38
;
while the team acquired from Stylr was
expected to be tasked with “developing
enhancements to in-store experience.39
”
Walmart firmly believes these capabilities
hold the key to unlocking more value for
existing customers, as well as tapping
newer customer segments as consumer
preferences evolve.
Adopting Non-Traditional
Approaches to Building
Digital Skills
Acquiring startups has not been the
only strategy for building digital skills at
Walmart. Walmart is using a number of
non-traditional approaches to bridge the
digital skills gap that is plaguing many
large organizations. Walmart is in the
process of building one of the largest
private clouds to hold data from its 11,000
stores which, once complete, is expected
to make 40 petabyte of data available
every day40
. To execute projects like
these, Walmart is on constant look out for
data professionals. One of the programs
it undertook to attract analytics talent
was conducting an analytics competition
on Kaggle, an online platform that helps
companies crowdsource solutions
to analytical problems. The exercise
helped Walmart create a buzz around
their analytics team as well as hire some
strong talent. Walmart also recently ran
a recruitment campaign on social media
with the hashtag #lovedata to position
itself as an employer of choice among the
online data science community.
In the past few years,
Walmart has been working
on building a team of
senior leaders with
established credentials in
leading digital enterprises.
WalmartLabs has been
particularly focused on
acquiring startups that
have pioneered the use of
mobile, data analytics,
search, advertising,
social shopping and
social media.
To attract strong
analytics talent,
Walmart conducted an
analytics competition
on Kaggle, an online
platform that helps
companies crowdsource
solutions to analytical
problems.
9. 9
2011
2012
2013
An online
receipts
technology
firm
Mobile commerce
app development
company
An iOS mobile app
development
company
Specialized in applying
Big Data and machine
learning skills to
enhance
personalization
Developed a social media
technology platform that generates
meaningful insights from social
media and was used to enhance
Walmart's search, social and
multi-channel experiences
Kosmix Small SocietyOneRiot Grabble Set Direction
Facebook social
reminders app
Cloud Computing startup
that automates and
accelerates IT operations
A web
acceleration
technology
company
Aimed to find more
effecive ways to connect
people via social software
A predictive data
analytics company
Social Calender Tasty Labs One Ops Inkiru Torbit
A recipe discovery and
meal plannng service
A mobile app that allows
shoppers to find the clothes
they love in nearby stores
An online community to help people
discover products recommended by
their influencers among friends,
family and social networks
A product search leader
in ecommerce
Yumprint Adchemy Stylr Luvocracy
2014
Building A Culture of
Innovation
Walmart has focused on building an
innovation culture in its workforce, such
as organizing “Hack Days”. On Hack
Days, Walmart associates put their
usual work aside for a day and work
with people from other teams to learn
something new and develop new ideas41
.
One idea that emerged from a Hack Day
was “Classrooms by Walmart”42
. This
online tool lets teachers from schools
across the country create online lists of
supplies needed by students and share
them with parents. Parents can search
for these supply lists online based on
their child’s school and make purchases
online or in store. It made shopping for
On Hack Days, Walmart
associates put their usual
work aside for a day
and work with people
from other teams to
learn something new and
develop new ideas.
classroom supplies online easier and
more affordable for parents and teachers,
saving precious time and resources. By
2013, Walmart had more than 100,000
classroom lists uploaded to its website.
Since its inception in 1962, Walmart
has always been a front-runner in the
retail industry. Sam Walton opened the
first Walmart store in Arkansas, and
within 25 years was opening the first
Walmart Supercenter. In a world shaped
by digital technologies, it has continued
to innovate. Walmart is reinventing itself
for a digital age, marrying its traditional
strengths to new digital innovations to
drive growth and secure the chapter of
its success.
Figure 7: Key Acquisitions Made By WalmartLabs
Source: WalmartLabs.com
10. 10
1 Fast Company, “Walmart’s Evolution from Big Box Giant to E-Commerce Innovator”, November 2012
2 Wall Street Journal, “Wal-Mart Notches Web Win Against Rival Amazon”, May 2014
3 Internet Retailer, “Global e-commerce sales climb 22% for Wal-Mart”, February 2015
4 Internet Retailer, “Online sales at Staples grow 4.8% in fiscal 2014”, March 2015
5 Wall Street Journal, “Wal-Mart Notches Web Win Against Rival Amazon”, May 2014
6 comScore, “comScore Ranks the Top 50 U.S. Digital Media Properties for August 2014”, September 2014
7 Fast Company, “Walmart’s Evolution from Big Box Giant to E-Commerce Innovator”, November 2012
8 Mike Duke’s Address at Walmart’s Shareholders Meeting 2011, “The Next Generation Customer”, June 2011
9 Walmart, “2011 Annual Report”, February 2010
10 Company website; Walmart Global eCommerce Overview
11 Mike Duke’s Opening Remarks at Walmart’s Meeting for the Investment Community 2012, “Momentum, Discipline and
Investment are Driving Growth, Leverage and Returns”, October 2012
12 Walmart Global eCommerce Overview
13 WalmartLabs Blog, “Goodbye, Kosmix. Hello, @WalmartLabs”, May 2011
14 Company Website
15 Fast Company, “Walmart’s Evolution from Big Box Giant to E-Commerce Innovator”, November 2012
16 Walmart.com, “Walmart will accelerate investments in e-commerce and moderate global square footage growth”, October 2014
17 Walmart, “Walmart U.S. accelerates small store growth”, February 2014
18 Wall Street Journal, “Wal-Mart Builds Supply Chain to Meet E-Commerce Demands”, May 2015
19 Wall Street Journal, “Wal-Mart Builds Warehouses for Web Orders”, October 2013
20 Wall Street Journal, “Wal-Mart Builds Supply Chain to Meet E-Commerce Demands”, May 2015
21 Wall Street Journal, “Wal-Mart Builds Warehouses for Web Orders”, October 2013
22 Walmart Global eCommerce Overview
23 Walmart Shareholders’ Meeting 2014, “How Walmart is Integrating Digital and Physical Retail”, June 2014
24 Mobile Commerce Daily, “Walmart is Mobile Retailer of the Year”, December 2012
25 WalmartLabs blog, “Search My Store ushers in the end of “Where is (item) located?” as we know it”, October 2014
26 WalmartLabs Website
27 Slideshare, “Walmart’s Digital Transformation - Bridging the Digital / Physical Divide”, June 2014
28 Walmart Shareholders’ Meeting 2014, “Picking up the Pace of Change for the Customer”, June 2014
29 Walmart Blogs, “Walmart.com is Getting a New Look”, August 2014
30 Forbes, “WalmartLabs Can Figure Out Gifts Your Facebook Friends Want”, July 2012
31 Semantic search is a search technique which aims to find results that take into account searcher’s contextual information in
order to make the results more appropriate/related to the searcher’s intent
32 TechCrunch, “In Battle With Amazon, Walmart Unveils Polaris, A Semantic Search Engine For Products”, August 2012
33 Dezyre.com, “How Big Data Analysis helped increase Walmart’s Sales turnover?”, May 2015
34 The WalmartLabs Blog, “The @WalmartLabs Social Media Analytics Project”, January 2013
35 TradeGecko, “Incredibly successful supply chain management: how does walmart do it?”, May 2014
36 Fast Company, “Walmart’s Evolution from Big Box Giant to E-Commerce Innovator”, November 2012
37 WalmartLabs.com
38 TechCrunch, “@WalmartLabs Buys Adtech Startup Adchemy, Its Biggest Talent Deal Yet”, May 2014
39 TechCrunch, “@WalmartLabs Grabs Its First “Silicon Alley” Startup With Acquisition Of Fashion App Stylr”, June 2014
40 Forbes, “Walmart: The Big Data Skills Crisis And Recruiting Analytics Talent”, July 2015
41 WalmartLabs Website
42 Walmart Shareholders’ Meeting 2013, “Our Associates are Our Best Innovators”, June 2013
References