The key historical events in the evolution of accounting and finance. Noting key steps from the dawn of civilisation to today.

1. THE EVOLUTION OF ACCOUNTING
AND FINANCE
Presentation by Pi Office Products

2. Acc & Fin Cal Pres
PHONETIC ALPHABET
First millennium BC the Phoenicians created an alphabet to
enable more detailed recording of financial records.
PREHISTORIC ROOTS
Circa 37,000 years ago our ancestors first recorded economic
transactions by carving notches on animal bones.
X

3. Acc & Fin Cal Pres
PHONETIC ALPHABET
First millennium BC the Phoenicians created an alphabet to
enable more detailed recording of financial records.
PREHISTORIC ROOTS
Circa 37,000 years ago our ancestors first recorded economic
transactions by carving notches on animal bones.
X
MESOPOTAMIAN SCRIBES
Circa 7,000 years ago, Mesopotamians recorded lists of
expenditure to enable tax to be paid.

4. Acc & Fin Cal Pres
PHONETIC ALPHABET
First millennium BC the Phoenicians created an alphabet to
enable more detailed recording of financial records.
PREHISTORIC ROOTS
Circa 37,000 years ago our ancestors first recorded economic
transactions by carving notches on animal bones.
X
MESOPOTAMIAN SCRIBES
Circa 7,000 years ago, Mesopotamians recorded lists of
expenditure to enable tax to be paid.
EGYPTIAN PAPYRUS
5,000BC, Papyrus used as a writing material to record
increasing volumes of financial transactions.

5. Acc & Fin Cal Pres
PHONETIC ALPHABET
First millennium BC the Phoenicians created an alphabet to
enable more detailed recording of financial records.
PREHISTORIC ROOTS
Circa 37,000 years ago our ancestors first recorded economic
transactions by carving notches on animal bones.
X
MESOPOTAMIAN SCRIBES
Circa 7,000 years ago, Mesopotamians recorded lists of
expenditure to enable tax to be paid.
PHONETIC ALPHABET
First millennium BC the Phoenicians created an alphabet to
enable more detailed recording of financial records.

6. Acc & Fin Cal Pres
PHONETIC ALPHABET
First millennium BC the Phoenicians created an alphabet to
enable more detailed recording of financial records.
PREHISTORIC ROOTS
Circa 37,000 years ago our ancestors first recorded economic
transactions by carving notches on animal bones.
X
MESOPOTAMIAN SCRIBES
Circa 7,000 years ago, Mesopotamians recorded lists of
expenditure to enable tax to be paid.
THE ADVENT OF THE COIN
600BC. The Lydian Lion coin was minted in Turkey. Believed
to be the first money recognised by a State.

7. Acc & Fin Cal Pres
PHONETIC ALPHABET
First millennium BC the Phoenicians created an alphabet to
enable more detailed recording of financial records.
PREHISTORIC ROOTS
Circa 37,000 years ago our ancestors first recorded economic
transactions by carving notches on animal bones.
X
MESOPOTAMIAN SCRIBES
Circa 7,000 years ago, Mesopotamians recorded lists of
expenditure to enable tax to be paid.
EMPEROR AUGUSTUS
63BC-14AD. ‘The Deeds of Augustus’ gave a complete record of transactions
for the 40 years of his reign, effectively the first government budget statements.

8. Acc & Fin Cal Pres
PHONETIC ALPHABET
First millennium BC the Phoenicians created an alphabet to
enable more detailed recording of financial records.
PREHISTORIC ROOTS
Circa 37,000 years ago our ancestors first recorded economic
transactions by carving notches on animal bones.
X
MESOPOTAMIAN SCRIBES
Circa 7,000 years ago, Mesopotamians recorded lists of
expenditure to enable tax to be paid.
MEDIEVAL BANKING SYSTEM
11th Century AD, goldsmiths & jewellers issued receipts which in turn
were used as a means of payment and fostering the first banking system.

9. Acc & Fin Cal Pres
PHONETIC ALPHABET
First millennium BC the Phoenicians created an alphabet to
enable more detailed recording of financial records.
PREHISTORIC ROOTS
Circa 37,000 years ago our ancestors first recorded economic
transactions by carving notches on animal bones.
X
MESOPOTAMIAN SCRIBES
Circa 7,000 years ago, Mesopotamians recorded lists of
expenditure to enable tax to be paid.
THE CHINESE ABACUS
From the 12th century onwards traders from Europe had become to
copy the Chinese Abacus system for making financial calculations.

10. Acc & Fin Cal Pres
PHONETIC ALPHABET
First millennium BC the Phoenicians created an alphabet to
enable more detailed recording of financial records.
PREHISTORIC ROOTS
Circa 37,000 years ago our ancestors first recorded economic
transactions by carving notches on animal bones.
X
MESOPOTAMIAN SCRIBES
Circa 7,000 years ago, Mesopotamians recorded lists of
expenditure to enable tax to be paid.
DOUBLE ENTRY BOOKKEEPING
Attributed to Friar Luca Pacioli in 1494 using this system to
enable merchants to organise their records.

11. Acc & Fin Cal Pres
PHONETIC ALPHABET
First millennium BC the Phoenicians created an alphabet to
enable more detailed recording of financial records.
PREHISTORIC ROOTS
Circa 37,000 years ago our ancestors first recorded economic
transactions by carving notches on animal bones.
X
MESOPOTAMIAN SCRIBES
Circa 7,000 years ago, Mesopotamians recorded lists of
expenditure to enable tax to be paid.
COST & MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING
From the 1800’s Industrial Revolution accounting procedures
were developed for business owners to run their operations.

12. Acc & Fin Cal Pres
PHONETIC ALPHABET
First millennium BC the Phoenicians created an alphabet to
enable more detailed recording of financial records.
PREHISTORIC ROOTS
Circa 37,000 years ago our ancestors first recorded economic
transactions by carving notches on animal bones.
X
MESOPOTAMIAN SCRIBES
Circa 7,000 years ago, Mesopotamians recorded lists of
expenditure to enable tax to be paid.
ROYAL CHARTER RECOGNITION
A Royal Charter was granted in 1880 by Queen Victoria
recognising professional accounting bodies and business standards.

13. Acc & Fin Cal Pres
PHONETIC ALPHABET
First millennium BC the Phoenicians created an alphabet to
enable more detailed recording of financial records.
PREHISTORIC ROOTS
Circa 37,000 years ago our ancestors first recorded economic
transactions by carving notches on animal bones.
X
MESOPOTAMIAN SCRIBES
Circa 7,000 years ago, Mesopotamians recorded lists of
expenditure to enable tax to be paid.
THE AGE OF COMPUTERS
Advancements in information technology made possible the automation of accounting
tasks and financial data. Business owners now making decisions in real time globally.

14. Acc & Fin Cal Pres
PHONETIC ALPHABET
First millennium BC the Phoenicians created an alphabet to
enable more detailed recording of financial records.
PREHISTORIC ROOTS
Circa 37,000 years ago our ancestors first recorded economic
transactions by carving notches on animal bones.
X
MESOPOTAMIAN SCRIBES
Circa 7,000 years ago, Mesopotamians recorded lists of
expenditure to enable tax to be paid.
2016 Desk Calendar for Accounting & Finance Professionals
with a donation to Macmillan Cancer Support. www.piofficeproducts.com
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