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Network Theory
     The Essentials



  Michael Netzley, PhD
    http://communicateasia.asia
Networks are the
context in which
“shiny objects”
   are used.
Twitter &
Queenstown
We are Social Creatures
We Live in Networks
Decentralized Networks
Where is the head on
the following spiders?
Begin with a Strong
   Foundation
Research Says
Harvard Med School: Emotions Spread
Through Large Social Networks
  Conclusion: People’s happiness
  depends on the happiness of others
  with whom they are connected. This
  provides further justification for seeing
  happiness, like health, as a collective
  phenomenon.

                  - British Medical Journal 337 (2008)
                    Fowler and Christakis
Harvard Med School: Obesity Spreads
Through Large Social Networks
  “You may not know him personally,
  but your friend’s husband’s coworker
  can make you fat. And your sister’s
  friend’s boyfriend can make you thin.”

                 - Fowler and Christakis (2009)
                   Connected
Harvard Political Scientist:
Why Americans Vote
   If you vote, then it increases the
   likelihood that your friend’s friend will
   also vote….Instead of each of us
   having only one vote, we effectively
   have several and therefore much
   more likely to influence the
   outcome.
                   - Fowler and Christakis (2009)
                     Connected
25

25

25

25

25
155
Friend’s Friend’s Friend
Rule: Three Degrees
of Influence
Rule: Connections
need to be strong;
you need not know
the people.
TED Video
Influence
Contagion
Research Says
Mark Granovetter & Weak Ties
              •  The Strength of Weak Ties
              •  #7 globally in Social
                 Science Citation Index,
                 2000-2010
              •  Action is enabled &
                 constrained by social ties
                 between people
              •  Where in the network
                 matters (embedded)
The Concept of Embeddedness
Where Embedded?
Weak Ties: Defined


weak ties (acquaintances,
not close friends) enable
reaching populations and
audiences that are not
accessible via strong ties.
When to Use Weak Ties
•  Speed of Distribution
•  Less Dependent on Others
•  Reach Distant Targets with Whom We are
   not Connected
•  Innovative Ideas or Models
•  Episodic Information Flows
•  Bridge Diverse Groups
When to Use Strong Ties
•    Urgent Situation
•    Dependency for Well Being
•    Decision Making
•    Ethos-Based Infuence
•    Acess: Doors Opened
•    Regular Information Flows
•    Change Target’s Values
Research Says
Manuel Castells
              •  The Rise of the Network
                 Society
              •  #5 globally in Social
                 Science Citation Index,
                 2000-2010
              •  Power now rests in
                 networks: “the logic of the
                 network is more powerful
                 than the powers of the
                 network”
Basic Idea

 A network society is a society where the key social
 structures and activities are organized around
 electronically processed information networks. So it's
 not just about networks or social networks, because
 social networks have been very old forms of social
 organization. It's about social networks which process
 and manage information and are using micro-electronic
 based technologies.

                                                   Source
Society remains capitalist, but basis of the technological means by
which it acts has changed from energy to information. This information
is of central importance in determining economic productivity.
Communications technologies allow for the annihilation of space and
for globalization; the potential for rapid and asynchronous
communication also changes the relationship to time. And, while he
explains that networks are not a new form of social organization, they
have become a “key feature of social morphology” (2000a, p. 5). This
is because communication technologies, such as the Internet, allow
for decentralization of operations and focusing of control, increasing
the effectiveness of networks relative to hierarchical structures. Of
business he writes, “[t]he main shift can be characterized as the shift
from vertical bureaucracies to the horizontal corporation” (2000b, p.
176).

                                                                 Source
Space of Flows: Facebook 2010
Space of Places
How We Now Organize


   Societal elites are now much less
  connected to cities [places], and are
    instead connected to information
  flows. Thus, the network serves as
         our organizing principle.
Networks
Enable
the free
 flow of
   info
Expand
Your
Resource
Base
Pass-Along
  Effect
Credibility:
Peer Pass-
Alongs are
 Influential
Embedded
in the
Network
Weak &
Strong Ties
Bridging
     Cental

Peripheral
Influencers
Tipping Point for Ideas: Just 10%?
 Scientists at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
 have found that when just 10 percent of the
 population holds an unshakable belief, their
 belief will always be adopted by the majority of
 the society.

•  Social Cognitive Networks Academic Research Center
   (SCNARC)
•  journal Physical Review E in an article titled “Social
   consensus through the influence of committed
   minorities.”                                         Source
The Data
Due to influencers or influenceable?
Exercise	
  

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Network Theory: A Brief Introduction june 2012

  • 1. Network Theory The Essentials Michael Netzley, PhD http://communicateasia.asia
  • 2. Networks are the context in which “shiny objects” are used.
  • 4.
  • 5. We are Social Creatures
  • 6. We Live in Networks
  • 8. Where is the head on the following spiders?
  • 9.
  • 10.
  • 11.
  • 12. Begin with a Strong Foundation
  • 14. Harvard Med School: Emotions Spread Through Large Social Networks Conclusion: People’s happiness depends on the happiness of others with whom they are connected. This provides further justification for seeing happiness, like health, as a collective phenomenon. - British Medical Journal 337 (2008) Fowler and Christakis
  • 15. Harvard Med School: Obesity Spreads Through Large Social Networks “You may not know him personally, but your friend’s husband’s coworker can make you fat. And your sister’s friend’s boyfriend can make you thin.” - Fowler and Christakis (2009) Connected
  • 16. Harvard Political Scientist: Why Americans Vote If you vote, then it increases the likelihood that your friend’s friend will also vote….Instead of each of us having only one vote, we effectively have several and therefore much more likely to influence the outcome. - Fowler and Christakis (2009) Connected
  • 18. 155
  • 21. Rule: Connections need to be strong; you need not know the people.
  • 25. Mark Granovetter & Weak Ties •  The Strength of Weak Ties •  #7 globally in Social Science Citation Index, 2000-2010 •  Action is enabled & constrained by social ties between people •  Where in the network matters (embedded)
  • 26. The Concept of Embeddedness
  • 28. Weak Ties: Defined weak ties (acquaintances, not close friends) enable reaching populations and audiences that are not accessible via strong ties.
  • 29. When to Use Weak Ties •  Speed of Distribution •  Less Dependent on Others •  Reach Distant Targets with Whom We are not Connected •  Innovative Ideas or Models •  Episodic Information Flows •  Bridge Diverse Groups
  • 30. When to Use Strong Ties •  Urgent Situation •  Dependency for Well Being •  Decision Making •  Ethos-Based Infuence •  Acess: Doors Opened •  Regular Information Flows •  Change Target’s Values
  • 32. Manuel Castells •  The Rise of the Network Society •  #5 globally in Social Science Citation Index, 2000-2010 •  Power now rests in networks: “the logic of the network is more powerful than the powers of the network”
  • 33. Basic Idea A network society is a society where the key social structures and activities are organized around electronically processed information networks. So it's not just about networks or social networks, because social networks have been very old forms of social organization. It's about social networks which process and manage information and are using micro-electronic based technologies. Source
  • 34. Society remains capitalist, but basis of the technological means by which it acts has changed from energy to information. This information is of central importance in determining economic productivity. Communications technologies allow for the annihilation of space and for globalization; the potential for rapid and asynchronous communication also changes the relationship to time. And, while he explains that networks are not a new form of social organization, they have become a “key feature of social morphology” (2000a, p. 5). This is because communication technologies, such as the Internet, allow for decentralization of operations and focusing of control, increasing the effectiveness of networks relative to hierarchical structures. Of business he writes, “[t]he main shift can be characterized as the shift from vertical bureaucracies to the horizontal corporation” (2000b, p. 176). Source
  • 35. Space of Flows: Facebook 2010
  • 37. How We Now Organize Societal elites are now much less connected to cities [places], and are instead connected to information flows. Thus, the network serves as our organizing principle.
  • 45. Bridging Cental Peripheral
  • 47.
  • 48.
  • 49.
  • 50. Tipping Point for Ideas: Just 10%? Scientists at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute have found that when just 10 percent of the population holds an unshakable belief, their belief will always be adopted by the majority of the society. •  Social Cognitive Networks Academic Research Center (SCNARC) •  journal Physical Review E in an article titled “Social consensus through the influence of committed minorities.” Source
  • 52. Due to influencers or influenceable?