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CONQUERING THE CONTEXT
CONUNDRUM
CONFAB 2012 - MAY 16, 2012 | DANIEL EIZANS | @DANIELEIZANS




                                                             Image Credit: BBP/EPFL
WHY CONTEXT?

@danieleizans | #confab12   2
ATTENTION VS. COMPREHENSION




@danieleizans | #confab12   3
HUMANS = MACHINES




                            Photo: Dave DeHetre - http://www.flickr.com/photos/davedehetre/4274986217/



@danieleizans | #confab12                                                                                4
MACHINES HAVE WIRES




@danieleizans | #confab12   5
HUMANS HAVE BRAINS




@danieleizans | #confab12   6
AND BRAINS ARE TRICKY




@danieleizans | #confab12      7
PEOPLE THINK DIFFERENTLY




@danieleizans | #confab12   8
CONTEXT SHIFTS BY DEVICE




@danieleizans | #confab12   9
WE’RE CONSTANTLY WIRING




@danieleizans | #confab12   10
@danieleizans | #confab12                                                         11
                            Photo by: Mamasuco: http://www.flickr.com/photos/millets100fs/
@danieleizans | #confab12                                                         11
                            Photo by: Mamasuco: http://www.flickr.com/photos/millets100fs/
@danieleizans | #confab12                                                         11
                            Photo by: Mamasuco: http://www.flickr.com/photos/millets100fs/
@danieleizans | #confab12                                                         11
                            Photo by: Mamasuco: http://www.flickr.com/photos/millets100fs/
@danieleizans | #confab12                                                         11
                            Photo by: Mamasuco: http://www.flickr.com/photos/millets100fs/
@danieleizans | #confab12                                                         11
                            Photo by: Mamasuco: http://www.flickr.com/photos/millets100fs/
@danieleizans | #confab12                                                         11
                            Photo by: Mamasuco: http://www.flickr.com/photos/millets100fs/
@danieleizans | #confab12                                                         11
                            Photo by: Mamasuco: http://www.flickr.com/photos/millets100fs/
LIFE HAPPENS ...




@danieleizans | #confab12   12
CONTEXTS CHANGE




@danieleizans | #confab12         13
THINGS TO PONDER




@danieleizans | #confab12   14
THINGS TO PONDER
  - Machines
  - Brains
  - Cognitive Overload
  - Life




@danieleizans | #confab12   14
THINGS TO PONDER
  - Machines
  - Brains
  - Cognitive Overload
  - Life




@danieleizans | #confab12   14
THINGS TO PONDER




@danieleizans | #confab12   14
THINGS TO PONDER




@danieleizans | #confab12   14
BREAKING CONTEXT DOWN




@danieleizans | #confab12   15
ELEMENTS OF CONTEXT




@danieleizans | #confab12   16
ELEMENTS OF CONTEXT


                            BEHAVIOR




@danieleizans | #confab12              16
ELEMENTS OF CONTEXT


                            BEHAVIOR   SITUATION




@danieleizans | #confab12                          16
ELEMENTS OF CONTEXT


                            BEHAVIOR                 SITUATION




                                       ENVIRONMENT




@danieleizans | #confab12                                        16
PERSONAL-BEHAVIORAL CONTEXT

         DOING
   environmental factors,
                               Physical                     Emotional          FEELING
      physical activity,                                                 psychological state, stress
     habits, disabilities,                                              level, desires, wants, needs
preferences, sensory stimuli




                                               Cognitive
                                                                              LEARNING
                                                                           cognitive assumptions,
                                                                         learning ability, education
                                          }
                                      CONTEXT DRIVEN PERSONAS
@danieleizans | #confab12                                                                     17
PERSONAL-SITUATIONAL CONTEXT
                                               Task     Need            Task




                     Task                   Situation                  Task




                                                         Need
                            Need                                        Task




              Task                   Task
                                                                Task



                               SCENARIO REQUIRING CONTENT
@danieleizans | #confab12                                                      18
SITUATIONAL-BEHAVIORAL CONTEXT
                                                          Task      Need                 Task




                                Physical                             Emotional


                         Task                          Situation                        Task




                                                                     Need
                                  Need                 Cognitive                         Task




                  Task                          Task
                                                                                 Task




                                           CONTEXTUAL CONTENT STRATEGY
@danieleizans | #confab12                                                                       19
AMBIENT FACTORS




@danieleizans | #confab12   20
AMBIENT FACTORS




@danieleizans | #confab12   20
AMBIENT FACTORS




@danieleizans | #confab12   20
EVOLUTION OF USER CONTEXT




@danieleizans | #confab12                               21
ANALYZING AND MODELING FOR
 CONTEXT



@danieleizans | #confab12     22
BE AN ETHNOGRAPHER




@danieleizans | #confab12          23
CONTEXTUAL INQUIRY


   Interview                Contextual Inquiry   Observation
   (Influenced by            (Influenced by        (Influenced by end
   Designer/Strategist)     designer and user)   user)




@danieleizans | #confab12                                       24
PRINCIPLES
 1. Users must be interviewed in the
 context the content or system would be
 used.
 2. Users are partners in the design/
 strategy process
 3. Strategists must interpret behavior,
 environment and user provided data to
 inform system design and strategy
 4. Interviews must be focused without
 need for questionnaires
@danieleizans | #confab12                  25
INQUIRY LEADS TO EMPATHY




@danieleizans | #confab12       26
@danieleizans | #confab12   27
MENTAL MODELING
     Represent the “thought- and action-
     process used to achieve a set of goals in
     a narrowly defined scope.”



                                 - Indi Young


@danieleizans | #confab12                        28
BUILD A HYPOTHESIS




                     29
@danieleizans | #confab12   30
CONTENT PLANNING




@danieleizans | #confab12   31
@danieleizans | #confab12   32
ALTERNATE METHODS
 1. Task Analysis
 2. Participatory Design
 3. Usability Testing
 4. Focus Groups




@danieleizans | #confab12   33
APPLYING THE DATA




@danieleizans | #confab12   34
CONTEXT = ENGAGEMENT




@danieleizans | #confab12   35
CONTEXT MODELS


        SELF DIRECTED       SITUATIONAL   PREFERENTIAL




@danieleizans | #confab12                                36
SELF-DIRECTED CONTEXT
Plans for content based on a
user initiated segmentation
strategy

 - Product Segment
 - Persona
 - Brand/Service Experience
 - Content Pathing/Decision
Trees


Examples:
Dell/Volkswagen UK/Verizon
@danieleizans | #confab2012    37
@danieleizans | #confab2012   38
@danieleizans | #confab2012   39
@danieleizans | #confab2012   40
WHEN TO DEPLOY
- Clear segments for content
exist (e.g. Shop, Own, Support)

- High levels of user control and
freedom are necessary (e.g.
research intensive, support)

- Content exists across multiple
platforms requiring integration




@danieleizans | #confab2012         41
SITUATIONAL CONTEXT
Plans for content based on
perceived or actual situations

- Physical Location
- Time of Day
- Ambient Data
- Situational Specialty
- Life Stage / Event


Examples:
Audi Roadside App| Clorox


@danieleizans | #confab2012      42
@danieleizans | #confab2012   43
@danieleizans | #confab2012   44
@danieleizans | #confab2012   45
WHEN TO DEPLOY
 - Life events require a site’s
 service/product/content

 - Platforms dictate unique
 engagements

 - Behavioral motivators
 influence decisions

 - Complex or stressful tasks
 require content to provide
 clarity
@danieleizans | #confab2012       46
PREFERENTIAL CONTEXT
Plans for content based on user
preferences that have been:

- Self reported
- Assumed
- Mined from social graphs
- Driven by ambient data
- Driven by product insights




@danieleizans | #confab2012       47
@danieleizans | #confab2012   48
@danieleizans | #confab2012   49
@danieleizans | #confab2012   50
WHEN TO DEPLOY
- Publishers have access and
permissions to user data

- A recommendation engine
or algorithm exist

- A CMS is powering content

- Products/Services have a
heavy social component

- In combination with Self-
Directed Context
@danieleizans | #confab2012    51
SUCCESS AND OPTIMIZATION




@danieleizans | #confab12   52
SUCCESS =




@danieleizans | #confab12               53
ALIGN BUSINESS




@danieleizans | #confab12                54
BE CONTEXT




@danieleizans | #confab12          55
NOT OUR USERS




                             http://www.flickr.com/photos/tom_weilenmann/51673288/ | Flickr User Tom Weilenmann

 @danieleizans | #confab12                                                                           56
HUG AN IA




@danieleizans | #confab12               57
BEWARE OF




@danieleizans | #confab12                                                                    58
                             Photo by: Mamasuco: http://www.flickr.com/photos/millets100fs/6275720409/
CUTE BABY




@danieleizans | #confab12               59
THANKS.
Web: http://danieleizans.com
Twitter: @danieleizans
SlideShare: http://slideshare.net/danieleizans
LinkedIn: http://linkedin.com/in/deizans
E: daniel.eizans@teamdetroit.com




@danieleizans | #confab2012                      60
Photo Sources:

(Slide 7) Sleeping Woman - photographer: Subtle Mistakes
(Slide 8) Man Thinking - photographer: Panther1619
(Slide 8) Woman Thinking - photographer: Vishiro
(Slide 9) Pair of cell phone users - photographer: ebjSP
(Slide 9) Man on Laptop - photographer: Ed Yourdon
(Slide 9) Man on iPad - Apple PR
(Slides 36-38) Personal Behavioral Context and Situational Context Graphics: Modified from original
concept created by Andrew Hinton


Note: All Photos Used were used with permission via a Creative Commons License or with expressed written permission of
owner.




 @danieleizans | #confab12                                                                                               61

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Conquering The Context Conundrum

Notes de l'éditeur

  1. Blue Brain Project - This is a cross section of your brain. It’s a painted representation of \nthe 10,000 neurons and 30 million connections that make up a single neocortical column\n
  2. \n
  3. Content strategy , as it seems to be currently defined, is fantastic at grabbing attention... focusing on creating content that’s \n-Findable\n - Segmented\n - SEO Friendly\n - Useable By Machines, Maintainable over time and if we’re lucky, it’ll be useful for humans. It’s focused on delivering an audience\n
  4. Problem is that we’re not robots/machines. \n
  5. And circuits and algorithms. Humans have emotions, prejudices, memory and...\n
  6. And despite our efforts to run logical programs and algorithms, we just can’t separate decision making and memory from the emotional part of our brains. Logic/reason sit in the pre-frontal cortex.. which doesn’t fully develop until we’re in our 20s, while the limbic system matures in our teen years. \n
  7. The chemistry of your brain will vary radically based on the amount of sleep you got last night to the temperature in the room to your level of stress/happiness/etc.\n
  8. Men have six and a half times more gray matter (partly responsible for information processing) than women do. Conversely ladies have10 times as much white matter -- the part of the brain that's I partially responsible for connecting information processing centers (that’s why women typically are better multitaskers).\n
  9. We lean forward, lean back ... pinch vs type, tap vs. scroll. swipe vs. click through. We tend to lean forward, bring our eyes closer to certain screens and our body language changes our ability to comprehend things.\n
  10. Meet Maggie. Maggie is a 58 year old woman, who has nearly no exposure to the internet. On the left is Maggie’s brain as she’s reading from a book. On the right, is her brain using and browsing via search engine. As you can see, her brain is working much, much harder and different parts of her brain are active in this search. Maggie is not what we’d refer to as a digital native. Over time, we’ll see the activity in the right picture die down and become more patterned. \n
  11. And today’s brains are more distracted than they’ve ever been.... ... Because if we’re not on the lookout for Zombies, we’ll have no brains to distract.\n
  12. And today’s brains are more distracted than they’ve ever been.... ... Because if we’re not on the lookout for Zombies, we’ll have no brains to distract.\n
  13. And today’s brains are more distracted than they’ve ever been.... ... Because if we’re not on the lookout for Zombies, we’ll have no brains to distract.\n
  14. And today’s brains are more distracted than they’ve ever been.... ... Because if we’re not on the lookout for Zombies, we’ll have no brains to distract.\n
  15. And today’s brains are more distracted than they’ve ever been.... ... Because if we’re not on the lookout for Zombies, we’ll have no brains to distract.\n
  16. And today’s brains are more distracted than they’ve ever been.... ... Because if we’re not on the lookout for Zombies, we’ll have no brains to distract.\n
  17. And today’s brains are more distracted than they’ve ever been.... ... Because if we’re not on the lookout for Zombies, we’ll have no brains to distract.\n
  18. And while we’re accounting for devices, cognitive load, machines and brains... these damn users go on having lives... and life... as it has a way of doing... HAPPENS\n
  19. And change quickly... to forever change how we process, understand and internalize data.\n
  20. SHIT. I know what you’re thinking... that’s a lot of stuff... Now I have to account for Zombies on my content audit? Have no fear, we’re not talking about laser focus for every user (YET), but there are ways we can start to build contextual inquiries into our CS practice\n
  21. SHIT. I know what you’re thinking... that’s a lot of stuff... Now I have to account for Zombies on my content audit? Have no fear, we’re not talking about laser focus for every user (YET), but there are ways we can start to build contextual inquiries into our CS practice\n
  22. SHIT. I know what you’re thinking... that’s a lot of stuff... Now I have to account for Zombies on my content audit? Have no fear, we’re not talking about laser focus for every user (YET), but there are ways we can start to build contextual inquiries into our CS practice\n
  23. SHIT. I know what you’re thinking... that’s a lot of stuff... Now I have to account for Zombies on my content audit? Have no fear, we’re not talking about laser focus for every user (YET), but there are ways we can start to build contextual inquiries into our CS practice\n
  24. \n
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  35. \n
  36. Contextual inquiry is basically a structured field interviewing method, based on a few core principles that differentiate this method from plain, journalistic interviewing. I want to STRESS that inquiry is more a discovery process than an evaluative process; more like learning than testing.\n
  37. This is my most bullet heavy slide... and we’ll try to be quick on this one... these are the basic principles of contextual inquiry... they’re important because we’re not merely observing... this method is used for MANY types of usability tests as well.\n
  38. The goal of the inquiry is to develop a baseline of shared experiences for a given segment. From there, we can use intersubjectivity (a psychological and philosophical principle to help model our content) Which leads to mental models for content work...\n
  39. \n
  40. \n
  41. We know from our inquiry that our adult students have these key drivers. Assuming you know something about your audience, start with what you know about your users. Build a hypothesis for how they might use your work. Context Maps are a great place to start in building a mental model. \n
  42. \n
  43. Organize war rooms around the mental models to begin planning content for a given site or experience\n
  44. \n
  45. Task AnalysisThe identification and understanding users’ goals and tasks, the strategies they use to perform the tasks, existing toolsets and solutions, problems they experience, and the changes they would like to see in their tasks and tools.\n2. Contextual InquiryBasically, contextual inquiry is the observation of a user in their environment. Particular attention is paid to the work they do, how the interact with the things around them and how they use what we’re attempting to model for (When I keep telling Content Strategists to be better anthropologists, this is what I’m referring to).\n3. Participatory DesignExactly what it sounds like. Designers and users work together to design a system. Think card sorting, white boarding, etc. When it comes to content, pay particular attention to navigation structures and try to organize things around your engagement maps.\n4. Interviews/Focus GroupsGathering data extracted from interviews to understand beliefs, behaviors, pain points, fears, etc. This is where the bulk of analysis should go when you’re creating your models. In person interviews are absolutely crucial to understanding your site segments and for the ultimate content planning that will follow.\n5. Usability TestingVerifying an existing design, its content or system. Usability tests can be performed in the wild or in a laboratory setting.\n\n
  46. \n
  47. Content strategy has to become a standard bearer with user experience for contextually relevant experiences. Armed with a mental model and the ability to empathize with user needs and tasks, we can start to impact system design and content mix \n
  48. Self Directed \n
  49. Perfect when a product or service has very clear segments. E.G Financial aid, etc. Efficiencies get user to the contetnt that fits their situation in a fast and efficient manner.\n
  50. \n
  51. \n
  52. \n
  53. Post launch surveys should focus specifically on Site Satisfaction, Task Completion, Barriers, Findability of content\n
  54. \n
  55. Cleaning advisor breaks down common household items as well as a few of the items you wouldn’t think about cleaning often. It provides helpful, product relevant insights to what all the potential uses for Clorox products\n
  56. While the Clorox MyStain app does highlight clorox products, it doesn’t always recommend using them. It has ways to treat stains on the go and in a pinch when products are not readily available. \n
  57. Audi Roadside Connects to the Audi Owners center to pull actual data about a vehicle. It uses location to pull service providers, nearby dealers and actual wait times\n
  58. \n
  59. \n
  60. \n
  61. Mustang Customizer plays off enthusiasm and preferences, pings your social graph for recommendations, battles etc. while immersing users within product data and providing key insights back to Ford’s advanced product planning teams. \n
  62. Site content tailors to Vin number of motorcycle or to bikes user “aspires” to own. See “Bikes I Like” vs. “My Bikes” These choices effect promotional offers, tiles and site content mix.\n
  63. Requires a lot of privacy permissions, usually stronger back end plumbing and deeper insights into product/consumer/user personas. VERY costly\n
  64. \n
  65. I think it’s safe to say that content strategists can lean on at least four types of metrics to accurately demonstrate the fruits of their labor. I call them perception measures and they are:\n1. Satisfaction 2. Task completion (user defined) 3. Measures of key business objectives (traditional metrics measurement) 4. Post visit behavior\n\n
  66. \n
  67. Content Strategists are the link between what users come to the site for and being sure they leave feeling engaged and SATISFIED\n
  68. IF we think of users in this fashion, we’ll fail, time and time again. Segmentation, understanding of pain points, and the elements of context are crucial to comprehension and engagement. \n
  69. We have to be careful not to become so task focused with our content strategies that we forget the rest of the world, the situations and the behaviors that make up their framework and capability to understand. IA/UX and CS must be partners\n
  70. We have to be careful not to become so task focused with our content strategies that we forget the rest of the world, the situations and the behaviors that make up their framework and capability to understand http://www.flickr.com/photos/millets100fs/6275720409/\n
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