Open Science: for a Better Science Tuesday 21/02/2017 Aula “Cesare Musatti”, Scuola di Psicologia via Venezia 8, Padova Italy. Publishing Open Access: who pays?

1. Open Science: for a Better Science
Antonella De Robbio
Publishing Open Access: who pays?
DIPARTIMENTO DI PSICOLOGIA GENERALE DIPARTIMENTO DI
PSICOLOGIA DELLO SVILUPPO E DELLA SOCIALIZZAZIONE
DIPARTIMENTO DI FILOSOFIA, SOCIOLOGIA, PEDAGOGIA E
PSICOLOGIA APPLICATA

2. The openness of science was born as a social norm,
shared by informal knowledge communities.

3. http://ec.europa.eu/research/science-society/pdf/scientific-publication-study_en.pdf
Few publishers control 80% of the market
Many university libraries pay more than half of
their journal budgets to the publishers Elsevier,
Springer and Wiley.
2006

4. Open Access has been perceived as a
threat to the publishers' profits
Eric Dezenhall

5. • Prices for online access to articles
from two major publishers have
increased 145% over the past six
years, with some journals costing as
much as $40,000
• Subscription to The Journal of
Comparative Neurology = 300 books.
• More than 15,000 academics have
already joined a boycott of Elsevier,
the huge Dutch publisher, in protest
at its journal pricing and access
policies.
• Harvard's faculty advisory council
said major publishers had created an
"untenable situation" at the university
by making scholarly interaction
"fiscally unsustainable" and
"academically restrictive", while
drawing profits of 35% or more.

6. How much money do journal
publishers make? A lot
profit margins range from 32% to nearly 42%. Elsevier's profit
of over €878 million converts to just over $1 billion.
Apple Inc., arguably the most successful company in the world
currently, show a profit margin of 20%

7. Commercial Publishers and High Cost of Access
While students struggle to afford access to crucial journals, the largest
publishers continue to make profit margins at and in excess of 30%

8. Reader Pays' pricing model or Subscription Model
2014 Annual Financial Report Elsevier
2015 Annual Financial Report RELX Group

9. RELX Group was previously known as Reed Elsevier. The
company announced the change of the operating company's
name to RELX Group in February 2015

10. 2014
2015

11. Green OA vs. Gold OA.
Which one to choose?
300 italian
Red road: Is the APC
model a viable option to
the transition?
Black road:
•Vanity Publishing: Scam
or Spam?
•Predatory Publishing (is
not OA),
•Hijacked Journals
•Misleading metrics

12. Green way:
4000 repositories in the world
84 in Italy (jan. 2017)

13. Open access to 1,225,076 e-prints in
Physics, Mathematics, Computer Science,
Quantitative Biology,
Quantitative Finance and Statistics

14. The copyright as false problem
• most intellectual content (90%) are hindered inside editorial
platforms because copyright transfert agreement
• the copyright is perceived as strong legal barrier, because copyright
laws influence in a negative way the dissemination of intellectual
research output
• authors, Universities, aren’t awake about difference between
authorship and ownership
• disastrous consequences about rights ceased to third market actors
which limit or slowdown the dissemination processes and negatively
influence the impact on the community, with heavy cultural, social
and economic relapses.

15. authors must take the
control of their right and
learn to determine the
conditions under which
her or his work is made
available on open access,
choosing to deposit a
copy of a work in a
repository or publish in
an open access journal.

16. Almost 1000
publishers allow
authors to deposit the
publisher version or
PDF of their article in
an Institutional
Repository, without fee
or an embargo
45 italian, mainly
OA

17. 214 journals

18. Secretsofjournalsubscriptionprices:For-profitpublisherschargelibrariestwotothreetimesmorethannon-profits.
This is a selection of the data from Bergstrom and McAfee’s Journal Cost-Effectiveness 2013 edition. Note: Statistics are calculated using subscription prices for 2013 and
citation and page counts for the years 2004-2011 calculation date is 9/29/2013.—

19. Libraries typically must pay 4 to 6 times as much per page for journals
owned by commercial publishers as for journals owned by non-profit
societies.
These differences in price do not reflect differences in the quality of
the journals.
Commercial journals are on average less cited than the non-profits and
the average cost per citation of commercial journals ranges from 5 to
15 times as high as that of their non-profit counterparts
Bergstrom, C. T. & Bergstrom, T. C. The costs and benefits of library site licenses to
academic journals. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 101, 897-902 (2004).
Can 'author pays' journals compete with 'reader pays'?
Nature, Thursday 26 January 2017
Bergstrom, C. T. & Bergstrom, T. C

20. Article Processing Charge Model:
A red road?
https://www.elsevier.com/__data/promis_misc/j.
https://www.springeropen.com/get-published/art

21. Wellcome Trust and COAF
Open Access Spend, 2014-15
Table 3: Top 5 publishers (by volume of COAF-supported research) and APC spend
The Charity Open Access Fund
(COAF) is a partnership between six
health research charities, including
the Wellcome Trust, to enable free
and unrestricted access to the
published outputs of the research

23. Elsevier selling access to open
access again
According to
public data available on Figshare
, Wellcome Trust paid
Elsevier £2,168.08 to
make open access the
article

24. Download full-text articles
and selected book
chapters in PDF and
HTML formats (where
available) up to the
amount of articles
specified in your pre-
purchased bundle. View
abstracts in references of
HTML articles where
available.
One-time purchase. The
bundle expires after 12
months.
Purchase bundles of 100,
200 or 500 articles and
chapters, with a discounted
price-per-article for bundles
larger than 500.
Access to downloaded full
text for 24 hours, with the
ability to print and store
documents for future
reference.

25. The Hijacked journals list includes journals
for which someone has created a counterfeit
website, stealing the journal’s identity and
soliciting articles submissions using the
author-pays model (gold open-access).

26. Changing the journal funding model to
pre-payment doesn’t increase publisher
market power
The model does nothing to
resolve this disparity in
pricing. APC vary widely
It remains an unknown, and possibly
quite expensive, factor in
determining what the model would
actually cost
pre-payment
through APCs offers
an economically
sound path
to decrease publish
er market power
and
to reduce prices.
pre-payment also
offers the opportunity
to reduce publisher
pricing power if we
let authors have
an economic role
The total revenue
include
subscriptions and
grant funding
allocated for
article processing
charges: Double
Diping
Without reliable data, it is impossible to predict the
true costs to research institutions of the “flipped”
model.”
need data

27. small data stewardship
Open APC initiative. Datasets
on fee-based Open Access
publishing openapc@uni-
bielefeld.de
• varie istituzioni europee
convogliano i loro dati su come
hanno speso i soldi per APC in
un unico punto
• Il confronto con altri atenei (UK
o USA) fa capire come nei
diversi paesi ci siano strategie di
pubblicazione diverse.
• https://github.com/OpenAPC/op
enapc-de/wiki/Data-Submission-
Handout
Dati richiesti
• (*) istituzione
• (*) periodo (anno di
pagamento APC)
• (*) euro
• (*) doi
• (*) hybrid oa (TRUE/FALSE)
• Publisher
• Journal full title
• ISSN
• Fulltext url

29. Expression of Interest in the Large-scale
Implementation of Open Access to Scholarly Journals
Berlin declaration 2003: 580 signatories (Jan 2017)
EoI aims to induce the swift, smooth and
scholarly-oriented transformation of
today’s scholarly journals from
subscription to open access publishing