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9780521601214 frontmatter
1.
Grammar reference and practice LOUISE
HASHEMI and BARBARA THOMAS PET forGrammar © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521601215 - Cambridge Grammar for PET: Grammar Reference and Practice Louise Hashemi and Barbara Thomas Frontmatter More information
2.
PUBLISHED BY THE
PRESS SYNDICATE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 2RU, UK www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521608848 © Cambridge University Press 2006 This book is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published 2006 Printed in the United Kingdom at the University Press, Cambridge A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication data ISBN-13: 978-0-521-601214 (without answers) ISBN-10: 0-521-601215 (without answers) ISBN-13: 978-0-521-601207 (with answers) and Audio CD ISBN-10: 0-521-601207 (with answers) and Audio CD Designed and produced by Kamae Design, Oxford. © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521601215 - Cambridge Grammar for PET: Grammar Reference and Practice Louise Hashemi and Barbara Thomas Frontmatter More information
3.
iii ContentsContents obligation; necessity; orders
and advice Writing Part 3 79 14 Modals 2 Introduction vi Irregular verbs viii adjective position; adjective order; -ing/-ed adjectives; nouns as adjectives Reading Part 2 1 1 Adjectives Exam practice 2 Adverbs 3 Comparisons present simple; present continuous; state verbs; have got and have Writing Part 2 19 4 Present tenses past simple; past continuous Writing Part 3 25 5 Past tenses 6 Present perfect and past simple 7 Past perfect plurals; countable and uncountable; a/the/no article Listening Part 3 43 8 Nouns using and forming; irregular adverbs; position; modifying adverbs and adjectives Reading Part 5 7 some/any; somebody/anybody etc.; much/many etc. Reading Part 3 49 9 Determiners and pronouns 1 this/that etc.; all/most etc.; both/either/neither; each/every Writing Part 1 55 10 Determiners and pronouns 2 will; going to; present continuous; present simple Reading Part 1 67 12 The future ’s/of; personal pronouns; possessives; reflexive pronouns; there/it + to be Listening Part 2 61 11 Determiners and pronouns 3 general notes; asking someone to do something; suggestions and offers; permission Listening Part 1 73 13 Modals 1 comparative and superlative adjectives and adverbs; comparing nouns Writing Part 1 13 present perfect and past simple; have gone and have been Writing Part 1 31 past perfect and past simple; used to Reading Part 5 37 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521601215 - Cambridge Grammar for PET: Grammar Reference and Practice Louise Hashemi and Barbara Thomas Frontmatter More information
4.
iv expressions with prepositions;
verbs and adjectives + prepositions; phrasal verbs Writing Part 2 109 19 Prepositions 3 verbs + to infinitive; make and let; verbs + -ing; verbs + to infinitive or + -ing Reading Part 5 121 21 to or -ing? yes/no; short answers; question words; agreeing with statements Listening Part 4 91 16 Questions and answers place and movement Writing Part 3 97 17 Prepositions 1 time Reading Part 4 103 18 Prepositions 2 -ing as subject; before/after etc. + -ing; prepositions + -ing; go/come + -ing Reading Part 1 115 20 The -ing form zero conditional; first conditonal; unless Reading Part 3 127 22 Conditionals 1 second conditonal; I wish Reading Part 4 133 23 Conditionals 2 passive forms and uses; to have something done Reading Part 2 139 24 The passive reporting what someone said; words which change Writing Part 1 145 25 Reported speech 1 said and told; other verbs used for reporting; reporting questions; polite questions Reading Part 4 151 26 Reported speech 2 which, who and that; whose and where Reading Part 2 157 27 Relative clauses so/such (+ that); enough and too (+ to infinitive and for) Writing Part 1 163 28 So/such; too/enough because (of), as and since; so and therefore; to and in order to Reading Part 3 169 29 Linking words 1 but/(al)though; in spite of / despite; both … and; either ... or Reading Part 1 175 30 Linking words 2 certainty and possibility; ability Reading Part 1 85 15 Modals 3 Recording scripts 181 Grammar glossary 197 CD tracklist 198 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521601215 - Cambridge Grammar for PET: Grammar Reference and Practice Louise Hashemi and Barbara Thomas Frontmatter More information
5.
v AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements The authors would
like to thank their editors, Alison Sharpe, Jamie Smith and Geraldine Mark, and all the other people who have contributed comments and advice. The authors and publishers are grateful to the following for permission to reproduce copyright material. It has not always been possible to identify the sources of all the material used and in such cases the publishers would welcome information from the copyright owners: Photographs: Action Plus: p. 103 All/Neil Tingle; Alamy: p. 22 Todd Bannor, p. 28 PCL, p. 43(c) Mark Sykes, p. 43(r) Justin Kase, p. 87(c) Ian Dagnall, p. 97(cl) Stephen Shepherd, p. 97(cl) David Hoffman Photo Library, p. 109 Robert W. Ginn, p. 125 Charles Bowman; The Bridgeman Art Gallery: p. 101 Van Gogh, Bedroom at Arles, 1888 (oil on canvas), Rijksmuseum Vincent Van Gogh, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Getty Images: p. 5 (1) Bob Thomas, (2) Catherine Ledner, (3) Manfred Rutz, (4) Charles Gullung, p. 10 Michael Najjar, p. 34(l) Adrian Weinbrecht, p. 43(l) Melissa McManus, p. 46 Taxi, p. 47 Tony Anderson, p. 87(l) John Beatty, p. 87(r) Will & Deni McIntyre, p. 91 Greg Ceo, p. 95 Roberto Espinosa, p. 97(cr) Ghislain & Marie David de Lossy, p. 103 (C) Southern Stock, (F) Jerry Kobalenko, p. 106 Pierre Bourrier, p. 133(l) China Tourism Press, p. 133(r) Mark Scott, p. 142 Britt Erlanson, p. 143 (1) Stephen Derr, (2) Paul Costello, (3) John Sann, (4) Jason Todd, (5) giantstep inc, p. 149 Tim Mosenfelder, p. 160 David Leahy, p. 161 (2) John Sann, (3) Leland Bobbe; Photolibrary.com p. 115(cr) Mark Jones, p. 115(br) Ben Osborne, p. 161 (1) Botanica; Rex Features: p. 97(l) Clive Dixon, p. 103 (G) GPU; Science Photo Library p. 85(l) Ralph Eagle, p. 85(r) Astrid & Hanns- Frieder Michler Illustrations: Kamae Design: pp. 56b, 57, 62, 77b; Mark Duffin pp. 1, 13, 14, 51, 65, 77t, 97, 99t, 121, 175; Stephane Gamain pp. 7, 22, 49, 55, 61, 67, 73, 75, 79, 127, 157; Ben Hasler pp. 17, 19, 25, 31, 37, 39, 58, 63, 69, 99b, 129, 163; Jo Taylor pp. 56t, 77m, 78, 94, 118, 130, 139, 140, 145, 146, 147, 156, 178; Ian West pp. 33, 112, 135, 165, 169. (top = t, bottom = b, middle = m, left = l, right = r, centre = c) © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521601215 - Cambridge Grammar for PET: Grammar Reference and Practice Louise Hashemi and Barbara Thomas Frontmatter More information
6.
vi IntroductionIntroduction To the student Who
this book is for? This book is for students preparing for the Cambridge Preliminary English Test. It covers the grammar you need for the exam. You can use it with a general English language course for extra grammar practice or with practice tests as part of a revision programme. You can use it in class or for self-study. What is in the units? This book contains thirty units. Each unit is in four parts: A Context listening This introduces the grammar of the unit in context. It helps you to understand the grammar more easily when you study section B. It also gives you useful listening practice. Play the recording and answer the questions. B Grammar Read through this section before you do the exercises. For each grammar point there are explanations with examples. At the end of each section, there is a note to tell you which exercises in C practise this grammar. You can also check in this section again when you are doing the exercises. C Grammar exercises Write your answers to each exercise. D Exam practice Each unit has an exam task. These help you practise the different parts of the exam. The exam task is followed by a grammar focus task. This gives you extra practice in the grammar for that unit. Recording scripts There are scripts for the context listening for each unit, and for the exam practice listening tasks. Look at the script after you answer the questions. It is a good idea to play the recording again while you read the script. Note on contractions This book generally uses contractions, for example I’m for I am, wasn’t for was not, because these are always used in speech and are common in written English. The full forms are used in formal written English. © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521601215 - Cambridge Grammar for PET: Grammar Reference and Practice Louise Hashemi and Barbara Thomas Frontmatter More information
7.
vii To the teacher This
book offers concise yet comprehensive coverage of the grammar students need for PET. It can be used for self study or with a class. It will be particularly valuable for revision, for students re-taking the exam and for candidates in classes where some students are not entered for the exam. Sections A, B and C are designed to be useful for all students, whether entered for PET or not. A Context Listening This section is suitable for classroom use and many of the tasks in this section can be done in pairs or small groups if appropriate. B Grammar This section is designed for private study, but you may wish to discuss those parts which are particularly relevant to your students’ needs. C Grammar Exercises This section can be worked on in class or set as homework. Students can be encouraged to check their own work and discuss any difficulties they encounter. D Exam practice This section can be used to familiarise students with the exam task types while offering further practice in the grammar for each unit. The book contains at least one task from each part of Paper 1 Reading and Writing, and Paper 2 Listening. In classes where there are both exam and non-exam students, you may prefer to set Section D tasks as extra work for exam candidates only. However, they offer all students valuable opportunities to practise the grammar of the unit. Each exam task is accompanied by a grammar focus task designed to raise students’ awareness of the grammar covered in that unit. Note on the exam tasks Some tasks in this book contain a higher proportion of the unit’s target grammar than they would in the actual exam. This is in order to maximise the opportunity for dealing with those structures. They are, in all other respects, faithful to the tasks in the exam. © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521601215 - Cambridge Grammar for PET: Grammar Reference and Practice Louise Hashemi and Barbara Thomas Frontmatter More information
8.
viiiviii Irregular verbsIrregular verbs Verb
Past simple Past participle be was were been beat beat beaten become became become begin began begun bend bent bent bite bit bitten bleed bled bled blow blew blown break broke broken bring brought brought build built built burn burnt burnt buy bought bought catch caught caught choose chose chosen come came come cost cost cost cut cut cut dig dug dug do did done draw drew drawn drink drank drunk drive drove driven eat ate eaten fall fell fallen feed fed fed feel felt felt fight fought fought find found found fly flew flown forbid forbade forbidden forget forgot forgotten forgive forgave forgiven freeze froze frozen get got got give gave given go went gone grow grew grown hang hung hung have had had hear heard heard hide hid hidden hit hit hit hold held held hurt hurt hurt keep kept kept kneel knelt knelt know knew known lay laid laid lead led led learn learnt learnt leave left left lend lent lent Verb Past simple Past participle let let let lie lay lain light lit lit lose lost lost make made made mean meant meant meet met met pay paid paid put put put read read read ride rode ridden ring rang rung rise rose risen run ran run say said said see saw seen sell sold sold send sent sent set set set sew sewed sewn shake shook shaken shine shone shone shoot shot shot show showed shown shut shut shut sing sang sung sink sank sunk sit sat sat sleep slept slept smell smelt smelt speak spoke spoken spend spent spent spill spilt spilt spoil spoilt spoilt stand stood stood steal stole stolen stick stuck stuck sting stung stung strike struck struck sweep swept swept swim swam swum swing swung swung take took taken teach taught taught tear tore torn tell told told think thought thought throw threw thrown understand understood understood wake woke woken wear wore worn win won won write wrote written © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521601215 - Cambridge Grammar for PET: Grammar Reference and Practice Louise Hashemi and Barbara Thomas Frontmatter More information
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