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THE THESIS
WHAT IS A THESIS?
                               noun, plural the·ses
1.a proposition stated or put forward for
  consideration, especially one to be discussed and
  proved or to be maintained against objections:
  He vigorously defended his thesis on the causes
  of war.
2.a subject for a composition or essay.
3.a dissertation on a particular subject in which one
  has done original research, as one presented by a
  candidate for a diploma or degree.
PARTS OF A
  THESIS
INITIAL PAGES


     • Title Page
 • Approval Sheet
      • Abstract
• Acknowledgment
    • Dedication
• Table of Contents
   • List of Tables
  • List of Figures
TITLE PAGE
The following information needs to be on the title
  page:

• The title (and possibly the subtitle) of your thesis
• First name and surname of the author(s)
• Whether it is a ‘Bachelor’s thesis’ or a ‘Master’s
  thesis’
• Faculty and department
• Place and date of completion
APPROVAL SHEET

• This is to prove that the authors have passed
  the requirements needed for the thesis.
• This is signed by the thesis/FS adviser, panel
  and the Dean.
• This also states the grade obtained by the
  author/s.
ABSTRACT


• An abstract presents a brief summary of your
  thesis.
• The aim of the abstract is to briefly provide the
  reader with the most important information from
  the entire text.
• An abstract never contains new information.
• This summary is no longer than 2 pages of A4.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT


• This is a page focused on expressing gratitude
  to organizations, agencies or individuals
  who, in one way or another, have aided the
  researchers in finishing the thesis.
DEDICATION


• This is the page for dedicating the thesis to
  certain people or groups who have inspired
  the researchers while doing the thesis.
TABLE OF CONTENTS


• The table of contents is essentially a topic
  outline of the thesis.
• It is compiled by listing the headings in the
  thesis down to whichever level you choose.
LIST OF TABLES / LIST OF FIGURES


• Include a list of figures (illustrations) and a list
  of tables if you have one or more items in
  these categories.
• Use a separate page for each list.
• List the number, caption, and page number of
  every figure and table in the body of the
  thesis.
TITLE OF CHAPTERS

1. Problem and Its Background
2. Review of Related Literature and Studies
3. Methodology of the Study
4. Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation of
   Data
5. Summary, Conclusions and
   Recommendations
CHAPTER I
   Introduction and
Background of the Study
INTRODUCTION


• The first chapter of your thesis is your
  introduction.
• This is where you provide an introduction to
  the topic of your thesis: you give the context
  in terms of content of the research project.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY


• The significance of the study will mainly focus
  on the question “Who will benefit from the
  study?”.
• This section will state the contribution of your
  study and the usefulness of your study in the
  society.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM


• The problem must be reflected to your title or
  the readers must know your problem by just
  simply reading your topic.
• The problem must not be answerable by yes
  or no and must be arranged in the flow of
  your documentation or study.
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

•   A conceptual framework elaborates the research problem in relation to relevant
    literature. This section may summarize the major (dependent and independent)
    variables in your research. The framework may be summarized in a schematic
    diagram that presents the major variables and their hypothesized relationships. It
    should also cover the following:
•   •Existing research and its relevance for your topic
•   •Key ideas or constructs in your approach
•   •Identify and discuss the variables related to the problem.
•   •Conceptualized relationships between variables
•   Independent variables (presumed cause)
•   Dependent variables (presumed effect)
•   Intervening variables (other variables that influence the effect of the independent
    variable)
Instructional  Materials
and           Equipment
commonly      used    in
                                                    Effects of the use of
teaching Science                                        instructional
                                                        Materials and
    1Traditional
    Materials                                            equipment
    2Technological
    Equipment




                           Profile of the respondents
                           1Age
                       2Gender
                       3Civil Status
                       4Educational Attainment
                           5Years of Service
SCOPE AND DELIMITATION


• The scope is mainly the coverage of your study
  and the Delimitation is the limitation of your
  study or topic.
DEFINITION OF TERMS


• The definition of terms must be arranged in
  alphabetically. It must be also stated if you
  used your definition of terms in technically or
  operationally.
CHAPTER II
   Review of Related
Literature and Studies
RELATED LITERATURE
• In this part you must get your data and information from any
  books, magazines, and news papers. You must label your published
  material with local or foreign.

• 1. Must be also organized to cover specific problems.
• 2. Must take all the evidences about the problem with the author’s
  experiences.
• 3. As much as possible, get the latest published materials. Avoid old
  published materials.
• 4. It must be related to your topic. If not, do not get it.
• 5. On the last part of this part you must have a statement how this old
  published material helps the researcher in their current study and relate it
  to your study.
RELATED STUDIES
• In this part you must get your data and information from
  unpublished material such as previous or old study, research or
  thesis. In some format, you must label your unpublished material
  with local or foreign.

• 1. This should be organized to cover the specific problems.
• 2. You must take note all of the evidences that the previous
  researcher came up.
• 3. The unpublished material should not be older than 5 years if
  possible.
• 4. It must be related to your topic. If not, do not get it.
• 5. On the last part of this part you must have a statement how this
  old unpublished material helps the researcher in their current study
  and relate it to your study.
CHAPTER III
Methodology of the
     Study
RESEARCH DESIGN


• The appropriate research design should be
  specified and described.
POPULATION AND SAMPLES


• Describe the population of interest and the
  sampling of subjects used in the study.
RESEARCH INSTRUMENT


• Describe the instrument and what it will
  measure.
• State qualifications of informants if used in
  the study.
VALIDATION PROCEDURE


• Discuss how the validity and the reliability will
  be established. Specify the level of reliability
  (probability).
DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE


• Describe how instrument will be
  administered.
DATA PROCESSING PROCEDURE AND
    STATISTICAL TREATMENT OF DATA


• Describe the processing and treatment of data
CHAPTER IV
Presentation, Analysis
and Interpretation of
        Data
PRESENTATION OF DATA


• Present the findings of the study in the order
  of the specific problem as stated in the
  statement of the Problem.
• Present the data in these forms:
        – Tabular
        – Textual
        – Graphical (optional)
ANALYSIS OF DATA


• Data may be analyzed quantitatively or qualitatively
  depending on the level of measurement and the
  number of dimensions and variables of the study.

• Analyze in depth to give meaning to the data presented
  in the data presented in the table. Avoid table reading.

• State statistical descriptions in declarative
  sentences, e.g. in the studies involving:
INTERPRETATION OF DATA


• Establish interconnection between and among data
• Check for indicators whether hypothesis/es is/are
  supported or not by findings.
• Link the present findings with the previous literature.
• Use parallel observations with contemporary events to
  give credence presented in the introduction.
CHAPTER V
       Summary of
Findings, Conclusions and
   Recommendations
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS


• This describes the problem, research design, and
  the findings (answer to the questions raised). The
  recommended format is the paragraph form
  instead of the enumeration form.
• For each of the problems, present:
        – The salient findings,
        – The results of the hypothesis tested
CONCLUSIONS

• These are brief, generalized statements in answer to the
  general and each of the specific sub-problems.
• These contain generalized in relation to the population.
  These are general inferences applicable to a wider and
  similar population.
• Flexibility is considered in making of conclusions. It is not a
  must to state conclusions on a one-to-one correspondence
  with the problems and the findings as all variables can be
  subsume in one paragraph.
• Conclusions may be used as generalizations from a micro to
  a macro-level or vice versa (ZOOM LENS approach).
RECOMMENDATIONS


• They should be based on the findings and
  conclusion of the study.
• Recommendations may be specific or general or
  both. They may include suggestions for further
  studies.
• They should be in non-technical language.
• They should be
  feasible, workable, flexible, doable, adaptable.
REFERENCES:


http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/thesis

 http://www.jpsimbulan.net/thesis-writing-
         guide/how-to-write-a-thesis/

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The thesis and its parts

  • 2. WHAT IS A THESIS? noun, plural the·ses 1.a proposition stated or put forward for consideration, especially one to be discussed and proved or to be maintained against objections: He vigorously defended his thesis on the causes of war. 2.a subject for a composition or essay. 3.a dissertation on a particular subject in which one has done original research, as one presented by a candidate for a diploma or degree.
  • 3. PARTS OF A THESIS
  • 4. INITIAL PAGES • Title Page • Approval Sheet • Abstract • Acknowledgment • Dedication • Table of Contents • List of Tables • List of Figures
  • 5. TITLE PAGE The following information needs to be on the title page: • The title (and possibly the subtitle) of your thesis • First name and surname of the author(s) • Whether it is a ‘Bachelor’s thesis’ or a ‘Master’s thesis’ • Faculty and department • Place and date of completion
  • 6. APPROVAL SHEET • This is to prove that the authors have passed the requirements needed for the thesis. • This is signed by the thesis/FS adviser, panel and the Dean. • This also states the grade obtained by the author/s.
  • 7. ABSTRACT • An abstract presents a brief summary of your thesis. • The aim of the abstract is to briefly provide the reader with the most important information from the entire text. • An abstract never contains new information. • This summary is no longer than 2 pages of A4.
  • 8. ACKNOWLEDGMENT • This is a page focused on expressing gratitude to organizations, agencies or individuals who, in one way or another, have aided the researchers in finishing the thesis.
  • 9. DEDICATION • This is the page for dedicating the thesis to certain people or groups who have inspired the researchers while doing the thesis.
  • 10. TABLE OF CONTENTS • The table of contents is essentially a topic outline of the thesis. • It is compiled by listing the headings in the thesis down to whichever level you choose.
  • 11. LIST OF TABLES / LIST OF FIGURES • Include a list of figures (illustrations) and a list of tables if you have one or more items in these categories. • Use a separate page for each list. • List the number, caption, and page number of every figure and table in the body of the thesis.
  • 12. TITLE OF CHAPTERS 1. Problem and Its Background 2. Review of Related Literature and Studies 3. Methodology of the Study 4. Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation of Data 5. Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations
  • 13. CHAPTER I Introduction and Background of the Study
  • 14. INTRODUCTION • The first chapter of your thesis is your introduction. • This is where you provide an introduction to the topic of your thesis: you give the context in terms of content of the research project.
  • 15. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY • The significance of the study will mainly focus on the question “Who will benefit from the study?”. • This section will state the contribution of your study and the usefulness of your study in the society.
  • 16. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM • The problem must be reflected to your title or the readers must know your problem by just simply reading your topic. • The problem must not be answerable by yes or no and must be arranged in the flow of your documentation or study.
  • 17. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK • A conceptual framework elaborates the research problem in relation to relevant literature. This section may summarize the major (dependent and independent) variables in your research. The framework may be summarized in a schematic diagram that presents the major variables and their hypothesized relationships. It should also cover the following: • •Existing research and its relevance for your topic • •Key ideas or constructs in your approach • •Identify and discuss the variables related to the problem. • •Conceptualized relationships between variables • Independent variables (presumed cause) • Dependent variables (presumed effect) • Intervening variables (other variables that influence the effect of the independent variable)
  • 18. Instructional Materials and Equipment commonly used in Effects of the use of teaching Science instructional Materials and 1Traditional Materials equipment 2Technological Equipment Profile of the respondents 1Age 2Gender 3Civil Status 4Educational Attainment 5Years of Service
  • 19. SCOPE AND DELIMITATION • The scope is mainly the coverage of your study and the Delimitation is the limitation of your study or topic.
  • 20. DEFINITION OF TERMS • The definition of terms must be arranged in alphabetically. It must be also stated if you used your definition of terms in technically or operationally.
  • 21. CHAPTER II Review of Related Literature and Studies
  • 22. RELATED LITERATURE • In this part you must get your data and information from any books, magazines, and news papers. You must label your published material with local or foreign. • 1. Must be also organized to cover specific problems. • 2. Must take all the evidences about the problem with the author’s experiences. • 3. As much as possible, get the latest published materials. Avoid old published materials. • 4. It must be related to your topic. If not, do not get it. • 5. On the last part of this part you must have a statement how this old published material helps the researcher in their current study and relate it to your study.
  • 23. RELATED STUDIES • In this part you must get your data and information from unpublished material such as previous or old study, research or thesis. In some format, you must label your unpublished material with local or foreign. • 1. This should be organized to cover the specific problems. • 2. You must take note all of the evidences that the previous researcher came up. • 3. The unpublished material should not be older than 5 years if possible. • 4. It must be related to your topic. If not, do not get it. • 5. On the last part of this part you must have a statement how this old unpublished material helps the researcher in their current study and relate it to your study.
  • 25. RESEARCH DESIGN • The appropriate research design should be specified and described.
  • 26. POPULATION AND SAMPLES • Describe the population of interest and the sampling of subjects used in the study.
  • 27. RESEARCH INSTRUMENT • Describe the instrument and what it will measure. • State qualifications of informants if used in the study.
  • 28. VALIDATION PROCEDURE • Discuss how the validity and the reliability will be established. Specify the level of reliability (probability).
  • 29. DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE • Describe how instrument will be administered.
  • 30. DATA PROCESSING PROCEDURE AND STATISTICAL TREATMENT OF DATA • Describe the processing and treatment of data
  • 31. CHAPTER IV Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation of Data
  • 32. PRESENTATION OF DATA • Present the findings of the study in the order of the specific problem as stated in the statement of the Problem. • Present the data in these forms: – Tabular – Textual – Graphical (optional)
  • 33. ANALYSIS OF DATA • Data may be analyzed quantitatively or qualitatively depending on the level of measurement and the number of dimensions and variables of the study. • Analyze in depth to give meaning to the data presented in the data presented in the table. Avoid table reading. • State statistical descriptions in declarative sentences, e.g. in the studies involving:
  • 34. INTERPRETATION OF DATA • Establish interconnection between and among data • Check for indicators whether hypothesis/es is/are supported or not by findings. • Link the present findings with the previous literature. • Use parallel observations with contemporary events to give credence presented in the introduction.
  • 35. CHAPTER V Summary of Findings, Conclusions and Recommendations
  • 36. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS • This describes the problem, research design, and the findings (answer to the questions raised). The recommended format is the paragraph form instead of the enumeration form. • For each of the problems, present: – The salient findings, – The results of the hypothesis tested
  • 37. CONCLUSIONS • These are brief, generalized statements in answer to the general and each of the specific sub-problems. • These contain generalized in relation to the population. These are general inferences applicable to a wider and similar population. • Flexibility is considered in making of conclusions. It is not a must to state conclusions on a one-to-one correspondence with the problems and the findings as all variables can be subsume in one paragraph. • Conclusions may be used as generalizations from a micro to a macro-level or vice versa (ZOOM LENS approach).
  • 38. RECOMMENDATIONS • They should be based on the findings and conclusion of the study. • Recommendations may be specific or general or both. They may include suggestions for further studies. • They should be in non-technical language. • They should be feasible, workable, flexible, doable, adaptable.