Learn why the biblical binary sexual system is unnatural! A physiologist’s perspective on core sexuality: sexual identity, sexual orientation, sex versus gender, anthropological observations. “Disordered or Just Different” culminates with a scientific indictment of the (pseudo)medical practitioners who are too quick to classify the merely different as disordered and who continue to harm gay, lesbian, transsexual, and intersex peoples.

1. Disordered or Just Different? Myth, Science and Sexuality By Veronica Drantz, PhD Prepared for The Center For Inquiry/Chicago First Annual Spring Conference Dangerous Nonsense Exploring the Gulf between Science and its Imposters April 24, 2010

2. The Myth

5. 23 Pairs Human Chromosomes XX (Female), XY (Male) Figure 25-2 Karyotype of chromosomes from a normal male. The chromosomes have been stained with Giemsa's stain, which produces a characteristic banding pattern.

8. Sexual Differentiation of Internal Genitalia Figure 25-4 Embryonic differentiation of male and female internal genitalia (genital ducts) from wolffian (male) and müllerian (female) primordia.

9. Sexual Differentiation of External Genitalia Figure 25-5 Differentiation of male and female external genitalia from indifferent primordial structures in the embryo.

10. Sexual Development in Mammals Figure 25-6 Diagrammatic summary of normal sex determination, differentiation, and development in humans. MIS, müllerian inhibiting substance; T, testosterone; DHT, Dihydrotestosterone

11. Male Testosterone Levels Figure 25-8 Plasma testosterone levels at various ages in human males.

12. Mechanism of Steroid Hormone Action

21. How to Treat a Newborn With Ambiguous Genitalia or Mutilated Penis? Colapinto, John. As Nature Made Him - The Boy Who Was Raised As A Girl HarperCollins (2000)

22. Colapinto, John. As Nature Made Him - The Boy Who Was Raised As A Girl HarperCollins (2000)

23. N A T U R E N U R T U R E Colapinto, John. As Nature Made Him - The Boy Who Was Raised As A Girl HarperCollins (2000)

24. Colapinto, John. As Nature Made Him - The Boy Who Was Raised As A Girl HarperCollins (2000)

25. Colapinto, John. As Nature Made Him - The Boy Who Was Raised As A Girl HarperCollins (2000)

26. Colapinto, John. As Nature Made Him - The Boy Who Was Raised As A Girl HarperCollins (2000)

27. Colapinto, John. As Nature Made Him - The Boy Who Was Raised As A Girl HarperCollins (2000)

29. Colapinto, John. As Nature Made Him - The Boy Who Was Raised As A Girl HarperCollins (2000)

30. Colapinto, John. As Nature Made Him - The Boy Who Was Raised As A Girl HarperCollins (2000)

31. Colapinto, John. As Nature Made Him - The Boy Who Was Raised As A Girl HarperCollins (2000)

32. Colapinto, John. As Nature Made Him - The Boy Who Was Raised As A Girl HarperCollins (2000)

34. Intersex People Curtis Hinkle - Founder Organization Intersex International

36. Barrett KE, Barman SM, Boitano S, and Brooks HL. GANONG’S REVIEW OF MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY 23 rd ed. Lange Medical Books/McGraw-Hill (2010) Disordered or Just Different?

37. Chromosomal Variants of Sexes 1/500 of the population have a karyotype other than XX or XY. Intersex Support Group International 1999-2001 Barrett, Kim E. Barman, Susan M. Boitano, Scott and Brooks, Heddwen L. GANONG’S REVIEW OF MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY 23 rd ed. Lange Medical Books/McGraw-Hill (2010) Figure 25-1 Basis of genetic sex determination. In the two-stage meiotic division in the female, only one cell survives as the mature ovum. In the male, the meiotic division results in the formation of four sperms, two containing the X and two the Y chromosome. Fertilization thus produces a male zygote with 22 pairs of autosomes plus an X and a Y or a female zygote with 22 pairs of autosomes and two X chromosomes. Note that for clarity, this figure and Figures 25–6 and 25–7 differ from the current international nomenclature for karyotypes, which lists the total number of chromosomes followed by the sex chromosome pattern. Thus, XO is 45, X; XY is 46, XY; XXY is 47, XXY, and so on. Figure 25-7 Summary of four possible defects produced by maternal nondisjunction of the sex chromosomes at the time of meiosis. The YO combination is believed to be lethal, and the fetus dies in utero.

39. What If the Androgen Receptor Doesn’t Work? Barrett KE, Barman SM, Boitano S, and Brooks HL. GANONG’S REVIEW OF MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY 23 rd ed. Lange Medical Books/McGraw-Hill (2010)

43. Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome Luria, Z., Friedman, S., and Rose, M.D. HUMAN SEXUALITY. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1987. Forbes, C.D. and Jackson, W.F. A COLOUR ATLAS AND TEXT OF CLINICAL MEDICINE. England: Mosby-Wolfe (1993)

51. Five Degrees of Virilization Affecting the Urogenital Sinus and External Genitalia in Females Hines M, Brook C., Conway, G.S. Androgen And Psychosexual Development Core Gender Identity, Sexual Orientation And Recalled Childhood Gender Role Behavior In Women And Men With Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasiz (CAH). J SEX RES, 41: 75-81 (2004)

52. Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH) Luria, Z., Friedman, S., and Rose, M.D. HUMAN SEXUALITY. New York: John Wiley & Sons (1987) Forbes, C.D. and Jackson, W.F. A COLOUR ATLAS AND TEXT OF CLINICAL MEDICINE. England: Mosby-Wolfe (1993)

54. Adrenogenital Syndrome Luria, Z., Friedman, S., and Rose, M.D. HUMAN SEXUALITY. New York: John Wiley & Sons (1987)

59. Cloacal Exstrophy Reiner, William G. and Gearhart, John P. Discordant Sexual Identity in Some Genetic Males with Cloacal Exstrophy Assigned to Female Sex at Birth. THE NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE, 350:333-341 (2004)

61. The Sexual Brain

62. The Hypothalamus Integration of Neuroendocrine Activity and Genesis of Instinctive Drives & Behavior Barrett KE, Barman SM, Boitano S, and Brooks HL. GANONG’S REVIEW OF MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY 23 rd ed. Lange Medical Books/McGraw-Hill (2010) Figure 18-1 Human hypothalamus, with a superimposed diagrammatic representation of the portal hypophysial vessels.

63. Hypothalamic Functions: Homeostasis and Instinctive Drives & Behavior Barrett KE, Barman SM, Boitano S, and Brooks HL. GANONG’S REVIEW OF MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY 23 rd ed. Lange Medical Books/McGraw-Hill (2010)

64. Hypothalamus & Limbic System: Genesis of Emotions & Emotional Expression Netter, Frank H. The CIBA COLLECTION OF MEDICAL ILLUSTRATIONS. Vol I. Nervous System. Part I. Anatomy & Physiology. New York: CIBA (1983)

65. Anterior Hypothalamus Governs Sexual Behavior in Mammals Figure 25-28 Loci where implantations of estrogen in the hypothalamus affect ovarian weight and sexual behavior in rats, projected on a sagittal section of the hypothalamus. The implants that stimulate sex behavior are located in the suprachiasmatic area above the optic chiasm (blue area), whereas ovarian atrophy is produced by implants in the arcuate nucleus and surrounding ventral hypothalamus (red). MB, mamillary body

70. Sexual Orientation & INAH3 LeVay, S. A Difference In Hypothalamic Structure Between Heterosexual And Homosexual Men. SCIENCE, 253: 1034–1037 (1991)

77. Biology of Sexual Identity Harry Benjamin's Syndrome (HBS) Estimated incidence of HBS is 1 in 100.000 live births

82. Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis Figure 2 : Representative sections of the BSTc innervated by vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP). A: heterosexual man; B: heterosexual woman; C: homosexual man; D: male-to-female transsexual. Bar=0.5 mm. LV: lateral ventricle. Note there are two parts of the BST in A and B: small sized medial subdivision (BSTm), and large oval-sized central subdivision (BSTc) Zhou, J.N. Hofman, M.A. Gooren, L.J. and Swaab, D.F.. A Sex Difference in the Human Brain and its Relation to Transsexuality. NATURE, 378: 68-70 (1995)

92. Sexual Identity & INAH3

95. Copyright restrictions may apply. Garcia-Falgueras, A. et al. Brain 2008 0:awn276v1-276; doi:10.1093/brain/awn276 INAH3 number of neurons Garcia-Falgueras, Alicia, Swaab, Dick F. A Sex Difference In The Hypothalamic Uncinate Nucleus: Relationship To Gender Identity. BRAIN, (Nov 2, 2008)

96. Copyright restrictions may apply. Garcia-Falgueras, A. et al. Brain 2008 0:awn276v1-276; doi:10.1093/brain/awn276 INAH3 volume in thionin staining in different groups, according to their gender identity and hormonal changes in adulthood Garcia-Falgueras, Alicia, Swaab, Dick F. A Sex Difference In The Hypothalamic Uncinate Nucleus: Relationship To Gender Identity. BRAIN, (Nov 2, 2008)

97. Copyright restrictions may apply. Garcia-Falgueras, A. et al. Brain 2008 0:awn276v1-276; doi:10.1093/brain/awn276 Density of neurons in INAH3 in different groups: M = control male group; F = control female group; MtF = transsexual male-to-female group; CAScastrated male group; PreM = pre-menopausal women; PostM = post-menopausal women Garcia-Falgueras, Alicia, Swaab, Dick F. A Sex Difference In The Hypothalamic Uncinate Nucleus: Relationship To Gender Identity. BRAIN, (Nov 2, 2008)

103. Gene Variant for 17  -Hydroxylase in FtM

104. Homosexuality – How to Explain in Darwinian Terms?

129. Medical Profession’s Treatment of GLB People Homosexuality was removed from the list of mental disorders by the World Health Organisation in 1990 1952 (DSM-I) Sociopathic Personality Disorders 1968 (DSM-II) Sexual Deviation 1970 Gay rights activists storm APA annual convention 1972 APA annual meeting –first-ever panel of non-patient homosexuals” and Dr. Anonymous 1973 (DSM-II Revision) Deletion of Homosexuality Substitution of Sexual Orientation Disturbance (Homosexuality is not illness but supposedly discomfort with being persecuted as a homosexual is an illness) 1980 (DSM-III) Gender Identity Disorder (GID) and Ego-dystonic Homosexuality (formerly SOD) 1987 (DSM-III Revision) Homosexuality omitted entirely (Ego-dystonic homosexuality/SOD removed. It’s normal to not want to be persecuted & empirical data to support diagnosis is lacking) )-> 2000 (APA Position Statement) Ethical psychiatrists should stop conversion or “reparative therapies”

144. Diamond, M. Sex, gender, and identity over the years: a changing perspective CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA 13:591-607 (2004) NEW STANDARDS OF CARE FOR INTERSEX PATIENTS American Academy Pediatricians year 2000 British Association Pediatric Surgeons year 2001 #1. General moratorium on sex assignment cosmetic surgery No surgical moratorium (In1999, AAP decided that surgical moratorium was “unrealistic” because it was hypothesized that parents would not accept it) No surgical moratorium #2. Moratorium should not be lifted unless and until studies show outcomes are positive Recognized need for more research and greater candor and honesty Recognized need for more research and greater candor and honesty #3. Efforts should be made to undo effects of past physician deception and secrecy No call back to families or individuals that had previous treatment No call back to families or individuals that had previous treatment Response to intersex birth “ Social emergency” Informed consent includes “possibility of non-operative management” Gender assignment All virilized females (CAH or maternal androgen) should be girls (because of retained fertility) Gender assignment on individual basis; may include cultural considerations Clitoral surgery Infants raised as girls “will usually require clitoral reduction” “ There is a strong case for no clitoral surgery in lesser degrees of clitoromegaly” Penile surgery PAIS infants “in whom a very small phallus mandates a female sex of rearing” should have testes removed The risk of malignant testicular changes in AIS is small

163. The End