Understanding Stakeholder Needs

Requirements Management with Use Cases Module 4 Understanding Stakeholder Needs

Course Outline ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Understanding Stakeholder Needs - Overview Problem Solution Space Problem Space Needs Features Software Requirements I need … Test Procedures Design User Docs The Product To Be Built Traceability

What Are Sources for Our Requirements? Customer Users Problem Domain Domain Experts Industry Analysts Site Visits Competitive info. Bug Reports Change Requests Requirement Specs Business Plans Personal Goals Business Models Analyst Partners

What Are The Characteristics of Our Customers? Moore , 1991 Time ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% % of Target Domain Customers Technology Adoption Profile (the lifecycle of the technology) CHASM” “ Crossing the

What Problems Might Be Encountered? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

What Does This Process Look Like? Customer Development Requirements Spec Approved ! Rejected Reworked Spec Rejected Reworked again Ad hoc requirements

Techniques for Eliciting Stakeholder Needs ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Requirements Workshops ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Workshops: Planning and Executing ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],PRE WORKSHOP SESSION PRODUCTION FOLLOW-UP

Workshops: Tricks of the Trade Problem Solution breaks “ Late From Break” ticket, Kitchen timer, Charitable contribution box ($1 after ticket used) Pointed criticism - petty biases, turf wars, politics and cheap shots “ 1 Free Cheap Shot” ticket, “That’s a Great Idea!!” ticket Grandstanding, domineering positions, uneven input from participants Trained facilitator, “Five Minute Position Statement” Flagging energy after lunch Light lunches, breaks, coffee, soda, candies, cookies, rearrange room, change temperature Hard to get restarted after

Workshop Tickets That’s a Great Idea!! Five Minute Position Statement 1 Free Cheap Shot Late From Break Five Minute Position Statement That’s a Great Idea!!

Brainstorming ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Rules for Brainstorming

Brainstorming Exercise ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Brainstorming: Idea Reduction RU “bucks”

How Can a Use-Case Model Help Elicit Needs? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Use-Case Model

What Is a Use Case? Key Words and Phrases ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],A use case defines a sequence of actions performed by a system that yields an observable result of value to an actor

What Is a Use Case? Key Words and Phrases Describes functions of the system To avoid too detailed use cases To avoid too complex use cases A use case defines a sequence of actions performed by a system that yields an observable result of value to an actor

Define System Boundaries and Functions ,[object Object],A Simple Phone System Callee Caller Billing Manager Bill Customer Place Local Call Place Long Distance Call Customer Long Distance Provider

Useful Questions in Identifying Use Cases ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Use Case

Exercise: Identify Possible Use Cases Our System

A Use-Case Model Diagram ,[object Object],A Recycling Machine Customer Print Daily Report Change Refund Values Add New Bottle Type Recycle Items Operator Manager

Interviews ,[object Object],[object Object]

Interviews: The Context-Free Question ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Gause & Weinberg, 1989

Interviews: Context-Free User Questions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Gause & Weinberg, 1989

Interviews: Context-Free Process Questions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Gause & Weinberg, 1989

Interviews: Context-Free Product Questions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Gause & Weinberg, 1989

Interviews: Context-Free Meta-questions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Gause & Weinberg, 1989

Interviews: Non-Context-Free Examples ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],What are better questions to ask?

Interviews: Caveats ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Template For A Generic Interview: Handout TP: Generic Interview Template Handout

Questionnaires ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object], 1994 by Alan M. Davis

Course Feedback Questionnaire: Handout

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Role Playing

What About Business Modeling? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Business Models Provide Input to Systems ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Reviewing Customer Requirement Specs ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Exercise: Reviewing Requirements Specs ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Requirements Spec. at end of module Handout

Eliciting Needs: Which Tools to Use? Developer Experience Customer/User Experience Low Hi Low Hi “ Fuzzy problem” “ Catch Up” “ Mature” “ Selling/Teaching” Adapted from Alan Davis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Which of these tools might you use for each quadrant of the graph?

RUP Workflow Detail: Understanding Needs

Review: Understanding Stakeholder Needs ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Understanding Stakeholder Needs

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