The document discusses XML pipelines and their applications. Specifically: - XML Pipeline Language (XPL) and XML Pipelines (XProc) were developed to perform operations on XML documents through a series of steps. - XProc adds features like exception handling, sequences of documents, and a standard step library. It can implement most XPL pipelines. - XPL is used in Orbeon Forms for model-view-controller architecture, configurable post-processing, and hooking up to XForms engines. - XML pipelines can be used to implement model-view-controller patterns by separating data, presentation, and control flow into pipeline steps.