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20 September 2012
antiEnvironmental Backlash
     and   New Approaches
            Carnegie Mellon University
                Adelaide Group 2:
                THIEN HUONG Do
              MINH THUAN Nguyen
                 THI TAM Duong
2



                            Outline
  1.      Executive summary
  2.      Summary of Decisions
  3.      Description of Context
  4.      Stakeholder Analysis
  5.      Decision Criteria and Metrics
  6.      Data/Facts/Modelling
  7.      Analysis of Alternatives
  8.      Recommendations
  9.      Sensitivity Analysis


CMU Australia. Adelaide 2012. Class Materials, for Educational purposes only.
3



    Executive Summary
• Different approaches that antienvironmentlists applied
 to attack environmental regulations.
• Recommendations: Policy makers should seriously
 consider incentives
• Implication: Balance the economic development and
 environmental issues for different stakeholders


  What sorts of approaches should environmentalists be considering?
          CMU Australia. Adelaide 2012. Class Materials, for Educational purposes only.
4



    Summary of Decisions
• Anti-environmentalists applied wide range of tactics to enhance
 its impact on policymaking and implementation of environmental
 regulations at state and national levels and against
 environmentalists including:
     • Anecdotes, compelling stories to mobilize public
     • Grassroots organizing activities
     • Policy conflicts and litigation
     • Violence and intimidation

• Government’s response to the anti-environmentalism
• Environmentalists consider new approaches to deal with changes

             CMU Australia. Adelaide 2012. Class Materials, for Educational purposes only.
5



             Timeline
                                                                                                       1.Private Property
                                                                                                       Rights Act was passed
                                                             Success of anti-                          2.Clean Water Act
                                                             environmentalist at                       rewritten
Initial activities of anti-                                  defining environmental                    3.Endangered species
environmentalism                                             regulations                               Act reformed




                                          1980s                                        1994
          1970s                                                     1990s                                      1995


                                    Widespread                                  Anti-
                                    recognition of                              environmentalist
                                    Property rights and                         derailed a bill to a
                                    Wise Use                                    cabinet-level
                                    movements                                   department




                              CMU Australia. Adelaide 2012. Class Materials, for Educational purposes only.
6



           Stakeholder Analysis

  STAKEHOLDERS                       ISSUES                                               GOALS

Government           Coping with growing intensity of           •    Job stabilization
                     environmental issues
                                                                •    Protect environment
                     Response to anti/environmental             •    Neutralize/balancing between two flows
                     activism
                                                                •    Defuse controversial debates thru polls
Citizens                                                        •    Living in a sustainable environment
                     Concerned about health, ecology
                     and environment                            •    Job and business

                     Worried about job opportunity




                 CMU Australia. Adelaide 2012. Class Materials, for Educational purposes only.
7



                                Stakeholder Analysis
STAKEH                      ISSUES                        GOALS                      OBJECTIVES                  CRITERIA
OLDERS
                            •   Fierce attacks from       •   Enhance the            •   Draw more close         •    1995 Gained support from
                                anti-environmentalists        environmental              attentions of                citizens though “Earth day”
                            •   Possibilities of losing       regulations                politicians                  campaign
                                supporters from           •   Mobilize public        •   Demonstrating the       •    1998 environmental activity attack
Environmentalists




                                citizens                      interests                  public opinions              105th Congress in New York Times
                            •   Government would          •   Consider to take       •   Form new alliances      •    Received support from Clinton
                                change the legal              new approaches         •   Mobilizing                   President
                                environmental                 to protect                 supporters
                                regulations                   environment            •   Utilize the media

                            •Conflicts with               •   Eliminate              •   Wise Use: Remove        •    Eliminated restrictions on
                             regulation of land and           environmental              environmental                wetlands development
AntiEnvironmentalists




                             natural resource use
                        Media:                                regulations                restrictions from       •    Compensated for Property owners
                          • Restricts of                      affecting both             public lands            •    Opened all public lands
                             environmental                    private and public     •   Property Rights         •    Attached anti-environmental
                             regulations affect               land                       Movement                     riders to the fiscal 1996
                             economic activities                                     •   Pursuing policy         •    Restricted definition of ‘harm in
                                                          •   Mobilize public            change through the           ESA
                                                              interest                   budget                  •    Received favor from Bush
                                                                                                                      president in 2002

                                            CMU Australia. Adelaide 2012. Class Materials, for Educational purposes only.
8



   Decision Criteria & Metrics
Apply Cohen’s Framework
• Local understanding
• Diverse participants
• Ethical values
• Balancing between group's main interests
• Communications and Media
• Political dimension
• Environmental Policy and Management


          CMU Australia. Adelaide 2012. Class Materials, for Educational purposes only.
9



      Data Summary: Objectives Tree

• Conduct CBA and risk assessment                    Enhance
• Careful interpretation and use of
                                                     environmental
  Public polls
• Draw more attentions from media to                 regulations
  gain supports from audiences                                                                       Protect
• Lobby politicians to maintain the core                                                           environment
  value s of environmental regulations                                                            and neutralize
                                                     Effectively response                         stakeholders’
                                                     to backlash                                     interest


• Form new alliances
                                                     Mainstream
• Mainstream cultures, economic,
  technology and ethical values                      environmentalists

                  CMU Australia. Adelaide 2012. Class Materials, for Educational purposes only.
10



         Values and Alternatives

Methodology: compared
three alternative approaches        Determined             Assigned scores
to community restoration:           weight of              to each
(1) Incentive-based                 each Means             alternative
                                                                                       Selected the
policies                            toward                 based on their              approach with
(2) Community-based                 satisfying             estimated                   the highest
decision making                     the decision           success at                  total score
(3) Ecosystem-based                 criteria               achieving the
                                                           given Means
management




                  CMU Australia. Adelaide 2012. Class Materials, for Educational purposes only.
11



                   Cohen’s Framework Analysis
                          (1)          (2)              (3)                Satisfied                Justifications
                          Incentive    Community-       Ecosystem-         Score
        Criteria          -based       based            based
                          policies     decision         management
                                       making
Local understanding       3            5                4                  5            Community-base approach has big
                                                                                        advantages regarding to local
                                                                                        understandings
Diverse participants    4           5                  2                    5           Community-base approach has the
                                                                                        advantages to explore its variaty of its
                                                                                        participants
Ethical values          4           6                  6                    6           Both Community-based and Ecosystem
                                                                                        based approaches have high credit for
                                                                                        ethics, while Incentives has the
                                                                                        potential to ignore this
Communications and      7           5                  5                    8           Incentive-base has the most strategic
Media                                                                                   and tactical media plan
                                                                                        Ecosystem is the weakest in terms of
                                                                                        communications and media
Balancing between       9           7                  5                    10          Incentive-based policies has the
group's main interests                                                                  potential to be most effective regarding
                       CMU Australia. Adelaide 2012. Class Materials, for Educational purposes only. interests.
                                                                                        profits and
12



             Cohen’s Framework Analysis
Criteria                (1)          (2)                (3)                 Satisfied    Justifications
                        Incentive    Community-         Ecosystem-          Score
                        -based       based              based
                        policies     decision           managerment
                                     making
Environmental Policy    9            8                  9                   10          Incentive –based policy and Ecosystem-
and Management                                                                          based management are strongly
                                                                                        affected by environmental regulations
Political dimension     10           8                  5                   10          Incentive-based policies approach
                                                                                        involves the intensive attention of
                                                                                        politician.
TOTAL                                44                 36                  / 54        Incentive based policies has the highest
                        46                                                              score among the three.




                       CMU Australia. Adelaide 2012. Class Materials, for Educational purposes only.
13



     Recommendations

• We strongly recommend environmentalists to consider the first approach –
   Incentive based policies to deal with the growingly intensive activities of anti-
   environmental movement.
• Focus on diversifying participants, especially high profile figures
• Proactively involve the media of different channels
• Considering incentive-based policies as the laying cornerstone for the long
   term approach of Ecosystem Based Management




              CMU Australia. Adelaide 2012. Class Materials, for Educational purposes only.
14



     Sensitivity Analysis

• As the total score of Community based decision making approach is 42,
  which is quite close to Incentive Based Policies approach, it may trigger the
  internal debates between environmentalists.
• The Incentive based policies approach can be manipulated or driven by the
  influential entrepreneurs to serve their own interests.
• Possible backlash may emerge due to the inefficiency of policy making and
  implementation.




             CMU Australia. Adelaide 2012. Class Materials, for Educational purposes only.
15



Thank you




   CMU Australia. Adelaide 2012. Class Materials, for Educational purposes only.

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Backlash against Environmentalists Case

  • 1. 20 September 2012 antiEnvironmental Backlash and New Approaches Carnegie Mellon University Adelaide Group 2: THIEN HUONG Do MINH THUAN Nguyen THI TAM Duong
  • 2. 2 Outline 1. Executive summary 2. Summary of Decisions 3. Description of Context 4. Stakeholder Analysis 5. Decision Criteria and Metrics 6. Data/Facts/Modelling 7. Analysis of Alternatives 8. Recommendations 9. Sensitivity Analysis CMU Australia. Adelaide 2012. Class Materials, for Educational purposes only.
  • 3. 3 Executive Summary • Different approaches that antienvironmentlists applied to attack environmental regulations. • Recommendations: Policy makers should seriously consider incentives • Implication: Balance the economic development and environmental issues for different stakeholders What sorts of approaches should environmentalists be considering? CMU Australia. Adelaide 2012. Class Materials, for Educational purposes only.
  • 4. 4 Summary of Decisions • Anti-environmentalists applied wide range of tactics to enhance its impact on policymaking and implementation of environmental regulations at state and national levels and against environmentalists including: • Anecdotes, compelling stories to mobilize public • Grassroots organizing activities • Policy conflicts and litigation • Violence and intimidation • Government’s response to the anti-environmentalism • Environmentalists consider new approaches to deal with changes CMU Australia. Adelaide 2012. Class Materials, for Educational purposes only.
  • 5. 5 Timeline 1.Private Property Rights Act was passed Success of anti- 2.Clean Water Act environmentalist at rewritten Initial activities of anti- defining environmental 3.Endangered species environmentalism regulations Act reformed 1980s 1994 1970s 1990s 1995 Widespread Anti- recognition of environmentalist Property rights and derailed a bill to a Wise Use cabinet-level movements department CMU Australia. Adelaide 2012. Class Materials, for Educational purposes only.
  • 6. 6 Stakeholder Analysis STAKEHOLDERS ISSUES GOALS Government Coping with growing intensity of • Job stabilization environmental issues • Protect environment Response to anti/environmental • Neutralize/balancing between two flows activism • Defuse controversial debates thru polls Citizens • Living in a sustainable environment Concerned about health, ecology and environment • Job and business Worried about job opportunity CMU Australia. Adelaide 2012. Class Materials, for Educational purposes only.
  • 7. 7 Stakeholder Analysis STAKEH ISSUES GOALS OBJECTIVES CRITERIA OLDERS • Fierce attacks from • Enhance the • Draw more close • 1995 Gained support from anti-environmentalists environmental attentions of citizens though “Earth day” • Possibilities of losing regulations politicians campaign supporters from • Mobilize public • Demonstrating the • 1998 environmental activity attack Environmentalists citizens interests public opinions 105th Congress in New York Times • Government would • Consider to take • Form new alliances • Received support from Clinton change the legal new approaches • Mobilizing President environmental to protect supporters regulations environment • Utilize the media •Conflicts with • Eliminate • Wise Use: Remove • Eliminated restrictions on regulation of land and environmental environmental wetlands development AntiEnvironmentalists natural resource use Media: regulations restrictions from • Compensated for Property owners • Restricts of affecting both public lands • Opened all public lands environmental private and public • Property Rights • Attached anti-environmental regulations affect land Movement riders to the fiscal 1996 economic activities • Pursuing policy • Restricted definition of ‘harm in • Mobilize public change through the ESA interest budget • Received favor from Bush president in 2002 CMU Australia. Adelaide 2012. Class Materials, for Educational purposes only.
  • 8. 8 Decision Criteria & Metrics Apply Cohen’s Framework • Local understanding • Diverse participants • Ethical values • Balancing between group's main interests • Communications and Media • Political dimension • Environmental Policy and Management CMU Australia. Adelaide 2012. Class Materials, for Educational purposes only.
  • 9. 9 Data Summary: Objectives Tree • Conduct CBA and risk assessment Enhance • Careful interpretation and use of environmental Public polls • Draw more attentions from media to regulations gain supports from audiences Protect • Lobby politicians to maintain the core environment value s of environmental regulations and neutralize Effectively response stakeholders’ to backlash interest • Form new alliances Mainstream • Mainstream cultures, economic, technology and ethical values environmentalists CMU Australia. Adelaide 2012. Class Materials, for Educational purposes only.
  • 10. 10 Values and Alternatives Methodology: compared three alternative approaches Determined Assigned scores to community restoration: weight of to each (1) Incentive-based each Means alternative Selected the policies toward based on their approach with (2) Community-based satisfying estimated the highest decision making the decision success at total score (3) Ecosystem-based criteria achieving the given Means management CMU Australia. Adelaide 2012. Class Materials, for Educational purposes only.
  • 11. 11 Cohen’s Framework Analysis (1) (2) (3) Satisfied Justifications Incentive Community- Ecosystem- Score Criteria -based based based policies decision management making Local understanding 3 5 4 5 Community-base approach has big advantages regarding to local understandings Diverse participants 4 5 2 5 Community-base approach has the advantages to explore its variaty of its participants Ethical values 4 6 6 6 Both Community-based and Ecosystem based approaches have high credit for ethics, while Incentives has the potential to ignore this Communications and 7 5 5 8 Incentive-base has the most strategic Media and tactical media plan Ecosystem is the weakest in terms of communications and media Balancing between 9 7 5 10 Incentive-based policies has the group's main interests potential to be most effective regarding CMU Australia. Adelaide 2012. Class Materials, for Educational purposes only. interests. profits and
  • 12. 12 Cohen’s Framework Analysis Criteria (1) (2) (3) Satisfied Justifications Incentive Community- Ecosystem- Score -based based based policies decision managerment making Environmental Policy 9 8 9 10 Incentive –based policy and Ecosystem- and Management based management are strongly affected by environmental regulations Political dimension 10 8 5 10 Incentive-based policies approach involves the intensive attention of politician. TOTAL 44 36 / 54 Incentive based policies has the highest 46 score among the three. CMU Australia. Adelaide 2012. Class Materials, for Educational purposes only.
  • 13. 13 Recommendations • We strongly recommend environmentalists to consider the first approach – Incentive based policies to deal with the growingly intensive activities of anti- environmental movement. • Focus on diversifying participants, especially high profile figures • Proactively involve the media of different channels • Considering incentive-based policies as the laying cornerstone for the long term approach of Ecosystem Based Management CMU Australia. Adelaide 2012. Class Materials, for Educational purposes only.
  • 14. 14 Sensitivity Analysis • As the total score of Community based decision making approach is 42, which is quite close to Incentive Based Policies approach, it may trigger the internal debates between environmentalists. • The Incentive based policies approach can be manipulated or driven by the influential entrepreneurs to serve their own interests. • Possible backlash may emerge due to the inefficiency of policy making and implementation. CMU Australia. Adelaide 2012. Class Materials, for Educational purposes only.
  • 15. 15 Thank you CMU Australia. Adelaide 2012. Class Materials, for Educational purposes only.

Notes de l'éditeur

  1. 1970s:Environmentalism began to encounter resistance.1980s:Widespread wiseuse and recognition of property rights movementsUsing idealto mobilize support - Formation of the 2 think tanksLegal theory and litigationHarrasment and intimidation1991: 400 Right-Use and Property rights groups joined forces to form the Alliance for America1995: Pass private Property Rights
  2. Criteria:Eliminating restrictions on wetlands development-Property rights are paramount. Property owners ought to be compensatedOpening all public lands (national parks, wilderness areas, mineral and energy production...) Using Public Relations tool (anecdotes)Attaching anti-environmental riders to the fiscal 1996