2. At the end of the session, participants should
be able to:
define role-play;
list the approaches to role-playing;
identify the role-play learning theories;
list steps in writing a role-play; and
write and enact a role-play.
3. Role-play is:
a technique by which learning is
reinforced to have a lasting impact on the
trainee and bring about a desired
attitudinal change.
acting out a part, especially that of
somebody with a particular social role in
order to understand it better.
a simulation of the essential features of a
role or skill as an aid to study or training.
4. Introduction
Learning Objectives
Definition of Role-Play
Basic approaches to Role-Play
Basic Learning Theory
Steps in writing a Role-Play
Activity: enacting a Role-play
Conclusion
6. To inform, educate, create awareness and
influence behaviour positively.
To set objectives, standards and control.
To give job instructions, provide rules and
procedures.
To change attitudes, behaviour, work methods
and practices.
7.
8. Pre-planned or Structured role-playing
- very formal
- controlled processes/content
- prior preparation
- subject to external influence
Spontaneous role-playing
- naturally unrestrained
- less formal
- natural processes
- no apparent external influence.
9. Learning by doing
Learning through imitation
Learning through observation
Learning through analysis and
conceptualisation
10. The Excitement
“Real’’ Behaviour
Spontaneity
Experiment
Feedback and Analysis
Diagnosis
11. Pre-planned role-playing preparation
Identify general problem area
Collect data
Determine specific training goals
Write cases
Enactment and Discussion
13. Multiple Role-Play
Single Role- Play
Role Rotation
Role Reversal
Doubting
14.
15. Consider these questions:
Do the objectives fit what is needed?
Is it a realistic problem?
Do the characters have distinctive
conflicts?
Is it clearly written?
Are there two or more characters?
Are there instructions for observers?
Do we need to write or adopt one?
16. It should be based on facts not opinions
It should be based on first hand
observation for realism i.e. practicality
It should show more than it tells
It shows formal and informal interpersonal
relationship
It describes key people in the role-play
It indicates a progressive change when
observation stopped.
17. 1. Determine the learning objectives of the
role-play
2. Choose a scenario or situation from
reality that highlights the key concepts
of the course.
3. Once you have selected a scenario, you
need to consider the various
stakeholders and their perspectives and
adapt the situation to the classroom
18. Step 1: define the theoretical principles or skills you
wish the trainees to learn.
Step 2: convert these theoretical principles into
training objectives by describing the relevant
skills/behaviour you need to highlight – listening,
negotiation, persuasive
Step 3: identify the population of trainees e.g. their
culture, occupational background, position, level of
experience etc. Use suitable language and avoid
unknown jargon.
20. Step 4: establish a situation that allows trainees to
develop the required skills by thinking over your
experiences, seeking more information and
brainstorming ideas
Step 5: develop the problem in terms of briefs* for the
role-players and guides** for the observers.
*briefs are the underlying traits/behaviours/skills/information that makes the role appear ‘real
’
**guides are the questions that should be developed directly from the learning objectives which
seeks to know if the desired learning has taken place .
21. Step 7: Test the role-play you have written. Preferably
use a sample of the trainee population for whom it is
written.
Allow some fellow trainees to read it
Test for consistency, completeness and acceptability.
Be sure that the desired answers to questions develop
logically from the role-play
Build ‘conflicts’ i.e. a range of differences into
your role-play in order to sustain it.
22. Role-Plays can be relevant in these areas:
Interviewing
Counselling
Salesmanship
Grievance handling
Performance review
Human Relations skill
Customer Service
Job Induction and Instructions
Skills acquisition...................
23. Write a problem that illustrates the
skills/principle you want to highlight with a
role-play
Decide on the characters, give them
names, roles, attitude, place of
work/location etc
Write out what the non-players (audience)
should be watching out for
Prepare how the role-play will be
introduced
Write out the questions you will ask at the
end of the role-play (debriefing procedure)
24. For further reading:
Armstrong, M (2000) Human Resources Management Practice, Kogan
Page, London
http://www.google.com.ng/url?
sa=t&source=web&cd=2&ved=0CCAQFjAB&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbible.org
%2Fseriespage%2Fteaching-through-role-
playing&ei=N1LOTeWuAYycOsOklZoN&usg=AFQjCNGNNZeqsqjJYERyX3
aCVeT4L4BnNw
http://www.google.com.ng/url?
sa=t&source=web&cd=5&ved=0CDAQFjAE&url=http%3A%2F
%2Fwww.ccghe.jhmi.edu%2Fassets%2FCCGHE%2FDocuments%2FS1-
Teaching_Techniques.pdf&ei=N1LOTeWuAYycOsOklZoN&usg=AFQjCNE_
6QFGIazhqw7Zg1pvzmXmsX-RVg
http://www.google.com.ng/url?
sa=t&source=web&cd=1&ved=0CBcQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F
%2Fimet.csus.edu%2Fimet3%2Fodell%2Fportfolio%2Fgrartifacts%2FLit
%2520review.pdf&ei=N1LOTeWuAYycOsOklZoN&usg=AFQjCNFUWw6HT
KbE1XKqj6y6ggxJVf4JMA
25. Role-Play is a valuable resource in learning.
Writing a role-play can be very interesting if
the simple rules are followed carefully.
To achieve set objectives, role-play should be
based on the skills or principles you want to
achieve.