Ross Overstreet, a senior sales engineer at FLIR Systems, presented information on infrared cameras. The agenda included an introduction to FLIR, demonstrations of research infrared software and cameras, an overview of infrared camera types and how they work, and discussions of microscope optics, printed circuit board inspection, emissivity, and high-speed infrared cameras. The presentation provided information to help attendees understand infrared imaging technologies and their applications.

1. Ross Overstreet
Senior Sales Engineer
R&D/Science Segment

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Agenda
• Quick intro to FLIR
• ResearchIR Software & FLIR Camera Demo
• Types of IR cameras and how they work
***LUNCH***
• Microscope Optics, Extender Rings & Spot Size
• PCB Inspection demo
• Emissivity & Accuracy
• High Speed Infrared Demo

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FLIR Science Segment Engineers
Eric.Hughes@flir.com
866.537.3245
Dennis.McCabe@flir.com
978.602.3270
Jerry.Beeney@flir.com
800.969.1764
James.Ramsey@flir.com
844.871.6120
Ross.Overstreet@flir.com
800.905.9557

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FLIR ResearchIR Software & Camera Demo

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Types of Infrared Cameras

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SWIR MWIR LWIR
1.7µm 2.5µm 3.0µm 5.0µm 14.0µm8.0µm
NIR
1.0µm
UV Visible
0.4µm
Silicon CCD
Thermal or Power Detectors – Lower Cost
Photon Detectors – Higher Performance
InSb
IR Detector Technologies
InGaAs
µBolometer
QWIP
LW MCTMW MCTSWIR MCT
Thermal Bands
BB InSb
SLS

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• Thermal or Power detectors -Pixels are
directly heated by Infrared Radiation
• Change in Resistance in response to Δ
temperature
• Vanadium Oxide (VOx )
• Amorphous silicon (AS)
Microbolometer Basics

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Microbolometer Trends
YEAR Camera NEdT Pkg Price
2003 SC2000 100mK $70K
2004 A40 80mK $39K
2009 A325
A320
50mK
50mK
$23K
$13K
2010 SC660
SC620
30mK
45mK
$43K
$33K
2014 T650sc
A655sc
T450sc
A325sc
<30mK
<50mK
$28K
$20K
$15K
$10K
2015 T1000 series <30mK $43K
320x240640x4801024

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Features:
• Low Cost
• Rugged & OK for 24x7 use
• 6 deg telescope to 25um micro optics
• Low Power, Light Weight, Portable
Microbolometer Review
Limitations:
• Slow (30 fps)
• Long time constant (6-12ms)
• No control over timing/triggering
• No access to raw data
• Limited support for custom optics
• Less optics options than cooled cams

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300K
InSb FPA
Window (1-12um)
Cold Filter 3-5um
Vacuum
Cold Stop (defines f#)
baffle
<77K
Compressor Piston
Photon Detectors
• Photons are converted into
electrons and stored in an
integration capacitor
• InSb cameras have
quantum efficiency ~90%
• Major detector types
•InGaAs (0.4-1.7um)
•InSb (1-5um)
•SLS (7.5-9.5 um)
Photon Counting Detector Basics

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Focal Plane Array
Typical Cooled Camera DDCA
Linear Stirling Cycle Cryocooler
Cold Finger
Cold Shield
Cold Stop

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Assets:
• Most sensitivity (18-35mK)
• Very fast! Both frame rate & integration time
• Most flexible optics
• Lowest level access to raw data
• Tremendous control over timing/triggering
Photon Counting Camera Review
Limitations:
• Expensive ($50K-$140K)
• 8-12K hour MTBF
• Less portable

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Microbolometer Cooled Camera
Sensitivity (NEdT) 30-50mK 18-35mK
Frame Rate 30 fps 120-2000+ fps
Shutter Speed 8ms TC = 40ms response time 1-4ms typical
Triggering NA extensive
Optics 7 deg to 25um 1 deg to 3.5um
Costs $10K - $30K $50K - $140K
Microbolometer / Cooled Comparison

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Sensitivity
A6700sc <20mK T650sc/A655sc <30mK

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Cooled cams originally designed for Military Test Range
Near IR (NIR): SC6200 InGaAs
Midwave IR (MWIR): SC8313 InSb
Longwave IR (LWIR): SC6700 SLS

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New A-series Cooled Cameras

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Most common FLIR R&D/Science Cameras
Performance
T630sc
T650sc
A655sc
T430sc
T450sc
A325sc
SC6800
SC6700
SC8300
SC8200
A6700sc/
A6750sc
A8300sc
Call for current pricing

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LUNCH BREAK!

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Spatial Resolution is becoming more important!
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Surface Mount Technology (SMT)

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Close-Up Optics & Extender Rings

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Common Spatial Resolution / FOVs
Spatial Res. um/pixel 320x240 FOV (mm) 640x480 FOV (mm)
100 32x24 64x48
50 16x12 32x24
25 8x6 16x12
Mag Factor 640x512 1280x720
1X = 14um/pix 9.6 x 7.7 17.9 x 10.1
4X = 3.5 um/pix 2.4 x 1.9 4.5 x 2.5
UncooledCooled

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Spatial Accuracy – Spot Size Concerns

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Sizes of Surface Mount Components

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A325sc, 45 deg lens, min focus
• 168mm x 128mm @ 200mm (WD)
• 525um IFOV
• 2x1 pixels “on target”
• Bad Data!
Do the math…Assume 0402 R (1.0 x 0.5mm)
A325sc, 45 deg lens, “micro trick”
• “push” in to 1.5” working distance
• 125um IFOV, 40mm x 30mm FOV
• 8x4 pixels “on target”
• Decent Data!
A325sc, 50um lens
• 12mm x 16mm @ 33mm (WD)
• 50um IFOV
• 20x10 pixels on target
• Great Data!

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Spatial Resolution
25 um/pixel lens, 16x12mm overall FOV
4 um/pixel lens 5.1mm x 2.9mm overall FOV

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Spatial Resolution

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Mixed Signal Device – GaAs
A8303sc + 4X micro (3.5um/pixel)2.5mm
4.5 mm

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Mixed Signal Device – GaAs - Subtracted

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Cell Phone Amplifier – A8303 4X micro

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Cell Phone Amplifier – A8303 4X micro

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Demo
• PCB Inspection
• Image subtraction
• Microscope lenses
• Extender rings

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Wabs
% transmission
% emission
% reflection
TOTAL
≠ Actual
Temperature
Total Energy = e + t + r
Reflected
Apparent
Temperature
Apparent
Temperature
Introduction to Emissivity

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EMISSIVITY VARIES WITH
SURFACE FINISH
ANGLE
SPECTRUM
TEMPERATURE

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Typical PCB emissivity issueShiny metal
package,
reports 27.5C
Kapton Tape
coupon,
reports 43.9C
Surface with
poor emissivity
under-reported
by 16.4C!

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If ε is poor, coatings are your friend!
ε = 0.82-0.88
(black anodize)
ε = 0.07-0.21
(bare to sandblasted)
ε = 0.95 ε = 0.95 ε = 0.95 ε = varies
(can be as
good as tape)

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Knowledge of emissivity is critical!
Kapton
Stainless
FlatBlack
Electrical
Tape
Light
Powder
Heavy
Powder
70C
34C
70C
17C

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HIGH SPEED & WRAP UP
Ross.Overstreet@flir.com, 800.905.9557 (m)

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X6900sc - World’s Fastest
Full Resolution IR Camera

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High Speed Thermography
• Fast Frame rates - 640x512 @ 1000fps
• Stop Motion for Accurate Measurements
• Thermally Characterize your object
Airbag Deployment Combustion Engine Research Ballistics & Muzzle Dynamics

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On Camera Recording
• Record for 26s at full frame rate to RAM
• Fast download to Removable SSD Drive
• Quick De-Classification with removable SSD Drive