Why plan for growth and change, when it seems so much easier to simply react? When there is a distinct and shared vision for your community - when residents, businesses and local government anticipate a sustainable town with cohesive and thriving neighborhoods - you have the power to conserve your beautiful natural spaces, enhance your existing downtown or Main Street, enable rural areas to be productive and prosperous, and save money through efficient use of existing infrastructure. This is the dollars and sense of smart growth. Success is clearly visible in Maine, from the creation of a community-built senior housing complex and health center in Fort Fairfield to conservation easements creating Forever Farms to Rockland's revitalized downtown. Communities have options. We have the power to manage our own responses to growth and change. After all, “Planning is a process of choosing among those many options. If we do not choose to plan, then we choose to have others plan for us.” - Richard I. Winwood And in the end, this means that our children and their children will choose to make Maine home and our economy will provide the opportunities to do so. The Summit offers you a wonderful opportunity to be a part of the transformative change in Maine that we’ve seen these gatherings produce. We encourage you to consider the value of being actively involved in growing Maine’s economy and protecting the reasons we choose to live here.

1. Complete Streets Design Examples
GrowSmart Maine
October 21, 2014
1

2. Road Diets/Road Retrofits

3. 3
There’s room; it needs to be recaptured

4. 4
City of Belfast

5. 5
City of Belfast

6. 6
City of Belfast

7. Narrower Travel Lanes
•AASHTO Green Book allows narrower lanes:
–9’ on local residential streets
–10’ on low speed arterials & collectors
–11’ for streets with trucks
7

8. Lane Width Adjustment

9. Lane Width Adjustment

10. Facility Selection
•Bicycle Lanes
OK to reduce travel lane
10 and 11-foot lanes are just as safe as 12-foot lanes on urban arterials with posted speeds less than 45 mph

11.  18 – 49% crash reduction (ITE)
Convert 4-Lane Road to 3-Lane including Center Turn Lane
How to Make Room: Road Diets

12. State Street– Augusta, Maine

13. State Street– Augusta, Maine

14. Park Avenue– Portland, Maine

15. Park Avenue– Portland, Maine

16. Beth Condon Path- Yarmouth, Maine

17. Beth Condon Path- Yarmouth, Maine

18. Congress Street - Portland

19. Congress Street - Portland

20. Congress Street - Portland

21. Roadway Classification vs. Context-Based

22. 22
Should street width be based on classification?
Functional classification doesn’t adequately describe the street’s role in a community
These 3 streets are “arterials” yet look, feel and perform very differently:

23. North Windham, Maine

24. Bath Road Master Plan (Route 1) Wiscasset, Maine

25. Route 1-Wiscasset, Maine

26. Route 1-Wiscasset, Maine

27. Speed Matters
•Drivers’ field of vision & ability to see pedestrians
•Drivers’ ability to react and avoid a crash
•Crash severity
Speed affects:
27

28. Speed Affects Crash Severity
High speeds lead to greater chance of serious injury & death
Doubling the speed from 20 mph to 40 mph reduces the survivability from 95% to just 15%
28

29. Speed Affects Crash Severity
29

30. Route 9 – Biddeford, Maine

31. Route 9 – Biddeford, Maine

32. Intersection Design

33. They drive fast,
Effect of large radius on drivers
ignoring pedestrians

34. •Large corner radii:
Allow high-speed turns by cars
-Less likely to yield
-Injury severity
Tighten Corner Curb Radii

35. •Large corner radii:
–Increase crossing distance
–Require longer signal time
Tighten Corner Curb Radii

36. Eliminate free flow turns across
crosswalks/bikeways
Designing Streets for Pedestrian Safety – Interchanges & roundabouts 7-10
…… tthheeyy aarree ddiiffffiiccuulltt ffoorr ppeeddeessttrriiaannss ttoo ccrroossss
Avoiid free-ffllooww mmoovveemmeennttss……
Asheville NC
Free Flow Right Turn Lanes

37. Franklin St. – Radius Adjustment

38. Franklin St. – Radius Adjustment

39. Park and St. John – Radius Adjustment

40. Park and St. John – Radius Adjustment

41. Washington/Chapman – Portland, ME

42. Pedestrian Facilities

43. Rectangular Rapid Flash LED Beacon
►Beacon is yellow, rectangular, and has a rapid “stutter” flash
►Beacon located between the warning sign and the arrow plaque
►Must be pedestrian activated (pushbutton or passive)
►Studies indicate motorist yielding rates increased from 18.2% to 81.2% for 2 beacons and to 87.8% for 4 beacons
►Interim approval from FHWA in July 2008
43

44. Marginal Way – Portland, Maine

45. Curb Extensions

46. Curb Extensions
•Reduces Pedestrian Crossing Distance
•Increases pedestrian visibility
•Prevents vehicle enchroachment on crosswalk
•Encourages slower speeds by tightening corner radii
•Provides improved opportunity for ADA Ramps

47. Anderson St. Neighborhood By-Way

48. Maine Street - Brunswick

49. Mid-Block Crossing

50. Mid-Block Crossing

51. Congress Street - Portland

52. Falmouth Sidewalk/Crosswalk

53. Falmouth Sidewalk/Crosswalk

54. Traffic Signals

55. Pedestrian count-down signal tells pedestrians
how much crossing time is left
Countdown Clocks
55

56. Results from San Francisco:
25% Crash Reduction Factor after countdown signals installed
Countdown Clocks
56

57. Route 1 - Wiscasset

58. Shorten Cycle Lengths
Reduces Overall Pedestrian Wait Times

59. Lead Pedestrian Interval

60. Lead Pedestrian Interval

61. Lead Pedestrian Interval
LPIs increase the visibility of crossing pedestrians and give them priority within the intersection. LPIs have been shown to reduce pedestrian-vehicle collisions as much as 60% at treated intersections. LPIs typically require adjustments to existing signal timing that are relatively low cost compared to other countermeasures.

62. Other Traffic Signal Considerations
Prioritize Walking, Bicycling, and Transit Keep the Number of Signal Phases to a Minimum Time Signals to the Speed you Intend Traffic to Go Adjust Timing for Peak and Off-Peak Volumes Use FixedTime Signals as Opposed to Actuated Signals

63. Thank you!

64. QUESTIONS?
64
Tom Errico, PE
Senior Associate
T.Y. Lin International
Falmouth, ME