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How did
 Renaissance Art
And Architecture
 Differ from the
Medieval Period?



 Do Now: Study the picture above then answer the questions
 on your handout
Renaissance vs. medieval art lesson ppt
1. Realism & Expression
r   Expulsion from the Garden
h   Masaccio
h   1427

h First nudes since
  classical times.

                    Before



                  SAINT DEMETRIUS
                    OF SALONICA.
                    High Middle Ages
                   End of 14th century
Before   Masaccio’s
          “Trinity”



            The first
         known painting
            to apply
         Brunelleschi’s
           system of
             linear
          perspective.

           Church of
          Santa Maria
            Novella,
           Florence
2. Perspective



                                       The Trinity
Perspective!
Perspective!                           Masaccio
 Perspective!
  Perspective!                         1427
   Perspective!
    Perspective!
      Perspective!




 First use
 of linear                            What you are,
                                       I once was;
perspective!
                                       what I am,
                                         you will
                                         become.
Progression of the Use of Perspective




1280’s           1380’s            1480’s
Perspective!

Betrothal
 of the
 Virgin
Raphael
  1504
3. Classicism and Realism

                        Greco-Roman
                        influence.
                        Secularism.
                        Humanism.
                        Individualism  free
                        standing figures.
                       . Symmetry/Balance



The “Classical Pose”
Medici “Venus” (1c)
Birth of Venus – Botticelli, 1485




 An attempt to depict perfect beauty.
Examples of Humanism and Realism in Renaissance Art




 Botticelli's Birth of Venus    Caravaggio’s
Examples of Humanism and Realism in Renaissance Art




                                  Da Vinci’s
    Michelangelo’s
                                Vitruvian Man
    Sistine Chapel
4. Emphasis on Individualism
L Batista Sforza & Federico de Montefeltre: The
  Duke & Dutchess of Urbino
o Piero della Francesca, 1465-1466.
Vitruvian Man

 Leonardo da
 Vinci
 1492
   The
 L’uomo
universale
5. Geometrical Arrangement of Figures


                        P   The Dreyfus
                            Madonna
                            with the
                            Pomegranate
                        P   Leonardo da
                            Vinci
                        P   1469
                        P   The figure as
                            architecture!
Raphael’s Canagiani Madonna, 1507
6. Light & Shadowing/Softening Edges


                                  Sfumato
                                    Leonardo
                                     da Vinci
Chiaroscuro                         described
                                     sfumato
                                        as
                                    "without
                                     lines or
                                     borders,
                                      in the
                                    manner of
                                    smoke or
                                     beyond
                                    the focus
                                     plane."
Renaissance vs. medieval art lesson ppt
Famous works by Italian
         Renaissance Artists

Leonardo                   Raphael




Michelangelo          Donatello
The Renaissance “Man”
              “   Broad knowledge about many things in
                  different fields.
              .   Deep knowledge/skill in one area.
              k   Able to link information from
                  different areas/disciplines and create
                  new knowledge.

              d   The Greek ideal of the “well-rounded
                  man” was at the heart of Renaissance
                  education.  .    Artist
                               e   Sculptor
                               e   Architect
                               e   Scientist
                               e   Engineer
                               e   Inventor
1452 - 1519
Leonardo da Vinci,




 D The Virgin of
   the Rocks
 D Leonardo da
   Vinci
 D 1483-1486
Leonardo, the Artist:
From his Notebook of over 5000 pages (1508-1519)
Leonardo Da Vinci

                          Why is Mona Lisa so



                             Fun Fact! Notice her lack
                             of eyebrows! Women
                             during this period would
                             shave them off! It was
                             considered fashionable
                             to do so!
Mona Lisa (La Giocande)
    Oil on wood panel
Renaissance vs. medieval art lesson ppt
Mona Lisa OR da
  Vinci??
The Last
     Supper
Gospel Book of Bernward of
   Hildesheim, c. 1016
         German
Leonardo da Vinci, “Last Supper”




     Convent of Santa Maria delle Grazie, Milan, Italy
“Last Supper” Perspective
The Last Supper - da Vinci, 1498




                 vertical
horizontal




             Perspective!
The Last Supper - da Vinci, 1498
          & Geometry
Refractory


Convent of
  Santa
Maria delle
 Grazie


  Milan
Deterioratio
     n

 Detail of
 Jesus
 The Last
 Supper
 Leonardo da
 Vinci
 1498
Leonardo Da Vinci




   The Last Supper
Tempera and mixed media on Plaster
A Da Vinci “Code”:
St. John or Mary Magdalene?
Leonardo, the Sculptor


                 Ì   An
                     Equestrian
                     Statue

                 Ì   1516-1518
Leonardo, the Architect:
        Pages from his Notebook




          ì   Study of a
              central church.

          ì   1488
Leonardo, the Architect:
    Pages from his Notebook




c Plan of the city of Imola, 1502.
Leonardo, the Scientist
(Biology):
Pages from his Notebook


  p   An example of
      the humanist
      desire to unlock
      the secrets of
      nature.
Leonardo, the Scientist (Anatomy):
                          Pages from his Notebook
Leonardo, the Inventor:
                      Pages
           from his Notebook
Man Can Fly?
Leonardo, the Engineer:
                             Pages from his Notebook




                             Studies of water-lifting
A study of siege defenses.           devices.
Leonardo DaVinci
King David




             Above: Gospel Book of Philip the Fair
             Right: Vivian Bible
The Liberation of
       Sculpture




 David by Donatello
 1430
 First free-form bronze
 since Roman times!
David

Verrocchio

1473 - 1475
David
Michelangelo
Buonarotti
1504
Marble
Michelangelo’s Detail
 15c
   What

     a

 difference

     a

  century

  makes!
    16c 
The Popes as Patrons of the
          Arts
                    The Pieta

                    Michelangelo
                    Buonarroti


                    1499


                    marble
Michelangelo




                     “The Creating of Adam”

The Sistine Chapel
      Fresco
The Sistine
 Chapel

Michelangelo
Buonarroti

1508 - 1512

Film Clip
Michelangelo
The Sistine Chapel’s Ceiling
 Michelangelo Buonarroti
       1508 - 1512
The Sistine Chapel
                Details

  The
Creation
 of the
Heavens
The Sistine Chapel
            Details




Creation of Man
A Modern “Adaptation”




  Joe Gallo in the New York Daily News, 2004
The Sistine Chapel
     Details

               The Fall
                from
                Grace
Creation
Michelangelo, Sistine Chapel
Michelangelo, Sistine Chapel
The Sistine Chapel
     Details
           The Last Judgment
Donatello (Donato di Niccolò di Betto Bardi)




Donatello’s David vs. Michelangelo’s David
Raphel Sanzio




The School of Athens
Fresco (water color on plaster)
Raphael’s “School of Athens”
The School of Athens – Raphael, 1510 -11
     One point perspective.
 c   All of the important Greek philosophers
     and thinkers are included  all of the
     great personalities of the Seven Liberal
     Arts!
 i   A great variety of poses.
 o   Located in the papal apartments library.
 a   Raphael worked on this commission
     simultaneously as Michelangelo was doing
     the Sistine Chapel.
 e   No Christian themes here.
The School of Athens – Raphael,
           1510 -11



               Da Vinci

                          Raphael

          Michelangelo
The School of Athens – Raphael, details



    Plato:
looks to the
heavens [or                         Aristotle:
 the IDEAL                        looks to this
   realm].                         earth [the
                                    here and
                                      now].




 Film Clip
Averroes


                Hypatia




   Pythagoras
Zoroaster




           Ptolemy




Euclid
Raphael’s “School of Athens”
                       Clockwise:
                       Plato (Leonardo),
                       Aristotle,
                       Raphael,
                       Michelangelo
Raphel Sanzio



          Who’s who in the
               School?
       In the Center: Plato on
         the Right, Aristotle
             On the left!
Raphel Sanzio
Italian Renaissance Recap
Aspects of Italian Renaissance Art
 More secular than
the religious Medieval
period
  Focus on
Humanism: Human

achievement and form
 Realistic: Emotion
 Linear Perspective: Distant objects smaller than
those close to the viewer. Making scenes appear 3-
Dimensional.
 Revival of classical themes
The Renaissance
      moves North!

About 100 years after the
Renaissance began it Italy,
It moved north to Flanders
(Northern Belgium).
 Took longer to recover
from the economic devastation
brought on by the black plague.
 100 years war in
France/England                    Remember me?
Characteristics of Northern
           Renaissance Art
 Contained great detail
 More landscape and nature paintings -
 usually darker and colder
 Oil painting on Canvas – allowed for
 vivid color
 Paintings are less secular. More religious
 questioning.
 More scenes of daily life.
Jan Van Eyck - Flanders




                The Wedding of
                  Arnolfini
                   Oil on canvas
Jan Van Eyck - Flanders




                Madonna Del Rolin
                    Oil on wood
Albrcht Durer




           Self Portrait 28
                Oil on panel
Albrcht Durer - Germany




                      Rabbit
                    Oil on Panel
Hans Holbein
Bruegel
Bruegel
Peasant Wedding
    Oil on wood
Medieval vs. Renaissance aRchitectuRe

         Gothic (Medieval)                       Renaissance

•Gothic architecture was very large,   •Revival of Arch and Dome
“pointy”                               •Qualities of Greek and Roman
•Flying buttresses supported large     architecture
walls                                  •Used columns for support
•Stained glass told stories            Intricate design
Renaissance Architecture vs.
    Medieval Architecture




 El Tempieto      Notre Dame Cathedral
Donato Bramante
Il Duomo
Brunelleschi
Filippo Brunelleschi
  1377 - 1436
s Architect of the Duomo
  Cuppolo of St. Maria
  del Fiore
Filippo Brunelleschi
• Commissioned to
  build the
  cathedral dome.
  – Used unique
    architectural
    concepts.
      He studied the
       ancient
       Pantheon in
       Rome.
      Used ribs for
       support.
Brunelleschi’s
   Dome
Comparing Domes
Other Famous Domes

 Il Duomo    St. Peter’s   St. Paul’s     US capital
(Florence)      (Rome)      (London)    (Washington)
Characteristics of Renaissance
            Architecture
 Influcenced by archectiture of the classical
 period (Greece, Rome)
 Use of Domes, arches, and columns.
Niccolo Machiavelli: The Prince
• Machiavelli was from Florence (1469-1527)
• Well educated in the classics
• Career was in public service and he eventually

 served as the ambassador to France
• Written in Italian (not Latin)
• Observations and commentary on
   political rule and power
• Addressed the issue of effective
   rule
    – How to gain and maintain order
       and control
    – “…it is safer to be feared than to
       be loved…”
    – “The ends justify the means”
• Stressed the practical (pragmatic)
   over the ethical or moral, more
   secular and humanistic
• Political science- Politics was to be
   governed by its own laws
The Courtier by Castiglione

• Written in Italian 1528
• Treatise on the training
  of young men in the
  courtly ideal of a
  Renaissance
  gentleman
• Stressed the value of
  education and manners
• Influenced social mores
  and norms during the
  period
Erasmus - 1446-1536

• Dutch
• Biblical scholar and educator
• Believed that the Bible was
  at the center of the Christian
  faith
• Stressed Christian education
  and access to the scriptures
  (for everyone)
   – Believed that people should be
     able to read the scriptures for
     themselves
• Highly critical of papal
  abuses and worldliness
   – The Praise of Folly
Sir Thomas More
       • Lord Chancellor of England
         during the reign of Henry VIII-
         highest political office in
         England
       • Lawyer and scholar
       • Works reflect a commitment
         to the values and mandates of
         Scripture and the Church
       • Wrote Utopia – explored the
         idea of a “perfect” society
       • Eventually executed by Henry
         VIII for refusing to agree to
         the king and Parliament’s Act
         of Supremacy
William Shakespeare 1564-1616
• English playwright
   – English vernacular
• Many of his major works
  are a expression of
  Renaissance values of
  honor, heroism, and the
  struggle against “fate”
  and fortune
• His view of man’s
  capacity for evil and self-
  destruction contrasted
  with the Renaissance
  humanistic ideal of
  humanity
The Globe Theater in London
The Renaissance brought a new way
   of thinking and living to Europe

 A new worldview was emerging
The medieval Christian worldview
    was giving way to a more
     MODERN (secular and
humanistic) view of the world and
            humanity
How did the Renaissance change thought?


          Before                              After
Focus on Afterlife                               Focus on this life

The Individual not important           The Individual is important

Little focus on learning and                 Focus on learning the
the arts                           “Classics” (The Iliad, Aristotle)
                                   to inspire learning and the arts
“Dark” Ages                                               “Rebirth”

Age of “Faith”                                     Age of Reason

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Renaissance vs. medieval art lesson ppt

  • 1. How did Renaissance Art And Architecture Differ from the Medieval Period? Do Now: Study the picture above then answer the questions on your handout
  • 3. 1. Realism & Expression r Expulsion from the Garden h Masaccio h 1427 h First nudes since classical times. Before SAINT DEMETRIUS OF SALONICA. High Middle Ages End of 14th century
  • 4. Before Masaccio’s “Trinity” The first known painting to apply Brunelleschi’s system of linear perspective. Church of Santa Maria Novella, Florence
  • 5. 2. Perspective The Trinity Perspective! Perspective! Masaccio Perspective! Perspective! 1427 Perspective! Perspective! Perspective! First use of linear What you are, I once was; perspective! what I am, you will become.
  • 6. Progression of the Use of Perspective 1280’s 1380’s 1480’s
  • 7. Perspective! Betrothal of the Virgin Raphael 1504
  • 8. 3. Classicism and Realism Greco-Roman influence. Secularism. Humanism. Individualism  free standing figures. . Symmetry/Balance The “Classical Pose” Medici “Venus” (1c)
  • 9. Birth of Venus – Botticelli, 1485 An attempt to depict perfect beauty.
  • 10. Examples of Humanism and Realism in Renaissance Art Botticelli's Birth of Venus Caravaggio’s
  • 11. Examples of Humanism and Realism in Renaissance Art Da Vinci’s Michelangelo’s Vitruvian Man Sistine Chapel
  • 12. 4. Emphasis on Individualism L Batista Sforza & Federico de Montefeltre: The Duke & Dutchess of Urbino o Piero della Francesca, 1465-1466.
  • 13. Vitruvian Man Leonardo da Vinci 1492 The L’uomo universale
  • 14. 5. Geometrical Arrangement of Figures P The Dreyfus Madonna with the Pomegranate P Leonardo da Vinci P 1469 P The figure as architecture!
  • 16. 6. Light & Shadowing/Softening Edges Sfumato Leonardo da Vinci Chiaroscuro described sfumato as "without lines or borders, in the manner of smoke or beyond the focus plane."
  • 18. Famous works by Italian Renaissance Artists Leonardo Raphael Michelangelo Donatello
  • 19. The Renaissance “Man” “ Broad knowledge about many things in different fields. . Deep knowledge/skill in one area. k Able to link information from different areas/disciplines and create new knowledge. d The Greek ideal of the “well-rounded man” was at the heart of Renaissance education. . Artist e Sculptor e Architect e Scientist e Engineer e Inventor 1452 - 1519
  • 20. Leonardo da Vinci, D The Virgin of the Rocks D Leonardo da Vinci D 1483-1486
  • 21. Leonardo, the Artist: From his Notebook of over 5000 pages (1508-1519)
  • 22. Leonardo Da Vinci Why is Mona Lisa so Fun Fact! Notice her lack of eyebrows! Women during this period would shave them off! It was considered fashionable to do so! Mona Lisa (La Giocande) Oil on wood panel
  • 24. Mona Lisa OR da Vinci??
  • 25. The Last Supper Gospel Book of Bernward of Hildesheim, c. 1016 German
  • 26. Leonardo da Vinci, “Last Supper” Convent of Santa Maria delle Grazie, Milan, Italy
  • 28. The Last Supper - da Vinci, 1498 vertical horizontal Perspective!
  • 29. The Last Supper - da Vinci, 1498 & Geometry
  • 30. Refractory Convent of Santa Maria delle Grazie Milan
  • 31. Deterioratio n Detail of Jesus The Last Supper Leonardo da Vinci 1498
  • 32. Leonardo Da Vinci The Last Supper Tempera and mixed media on Plaster
  • 33. A Da Vinci “Code”: St. John or Mary Magdalene?
  • 34. Leonardo, the Sculptor Ì An Equestrian Statue Ì 1516-1518
  • 35. Leonardo, the Architect: Pages from his Notebook ì Study of a central church. ì 1488
  • 36. Leonardo, the Architect: Pages from his Notebook c Plan of the city of Imola, 1502.
  • 37. Leonardo, the Scientist (Biology): Pages from his Notebook p An example of the humanist desire to unlock the secrets of nature.
  • 38. Leonardo, the Scientist (Anatomy): Pages from his Notebook
  • 39. Leonardo, the Inventor: Pages from his Notebook
  • 41. Leonardo, the Engineer: Pages from his Notebook Studies of water-lifting A study of siege defenses. devices.
  • 43. King David Above: Gospel Book of Philip the Fair Right: Vivian Bible
  • 44. The Liberation of Sculpture David by Donatello 1430 First free-form bronze since Roman times!
  • 48.  15c What a difference a century makes! 16c 
  • 49. The Popes as Patrons of the Arts The Pieta Michelangelo Buonarroti 1499 marble
  • 50. Michelangelo “The Creating of Adam” The Sistine Chapel Fresco
  • 53. The Sistine Chapel’s Ceiling Michelangelo Buonarroti 1508 - 1512
  • 54. The Sistine Chapel Details The Creation of the Heavens
  • 55. The Sistine Chapel Details Creation of Man
  • 56. A Modern “Adaptation” Joe Gallo in the New York Daily News, 2004
  • 57. The Sistine Chapel Details The Fall from Grace
  • 61. The Sistine Chapel Details The Last Judgment
  • 62. Donatello (Donato di Niccolò di Betto Bardi) Donatello’s David vs. Michelangelo’s David
  • 63. Raphel Sanzio The School of Athens Fresco (water color on plaster)
  • 65. The School of Athens – Raphael, 1510 -11 One point perspective. c All of the important Greek philosophers and thinkers are included  all of the great personalities of the Seven Liberal Arts! i A great variety of poses. o Located in the papal apartments library. a Raphael worked on this commission simultaneously as Michelangelo was doing the Sistine Chapel. e No Christian themes here.
  • 66. The School of Athens – Raphael, 1510 -11 Da Vinci Raphael Michelangelo
  • 67. The School of Athens – Raphael, details Plato: looks to the heavens [or Aristotle: the IDEAL looks to this realm]. earth [the here and now]. Film Clip
  • 68. Averroes Hypatia Pythagoras
  • 69. Zoroaster Ptolemy Euclid
  • 70. Raphael’s “School of Athens” Clockwise: Plato (Leonardo), Aristotle, Raphael, Michelangelo
  • 71. Raphel Sanzio Who’s who in the School? In the Center: Plato on the Right, Aristotle On the left!
  • 74. Aspects of Italian Renaissance Art  More secular than the religious Medieval period  Focus on Humanism: Human achievement and form  Realistic: Emotion  Linear Perspective: Distant objects smaller than those close to the viewer. Making scenes appear 3- Dimensional.  Revival of classical themes
  • 75. The Renaissance moves North! About 100 years after the Renaissance began it Italy, It moved north to Flanders (Northern Belgium).  Took longer to recover from the economic devastation brought on by the black plague.  100 years war in France/England Remember me?
  • 76. Characteristics of Northern Renaissance Art  Contained great detail  More landscape and nature paintings - usually darker and colder  Oil painting on Canvas – allowed for vivid color  Paintings are less secular. More religious questioning.  More scenes of daily life.
  • 77. Jan Van Eyck - Flanders The Wedding of Arnolfini Oil on canvas
  • 78. Jan Van Eyck - Flanders Madonna Del Rolin Oil on wood
  • 79. Albrcht Durer Self Portrait 28 Oil on panel
  • 80. Albrcht Durer - Germany Rabbit Oil on Panel
  • 84. Peasant Wedding Oil on wood
  • 85. Medieval vs. Renaissance aRchitectuRe Gothic (Medieval) Renaissance •Gothic architecture was very large, •Revival of Arch and Dome “pointy” •Qualities of Greek and Roman •Flying buttresses supported large architecture walls •Used columns for support •Stained glass told stories Intricate design
  • 86. Renaissance Architecture vs. Medieval Architecture El Tempieto Notre Dame Cathedral Donato Bramante
  • 88. Filippo Brunelleschi 1377 - 1436 s Architect of the Duomo Cuppolo of St. Maria del Fiore
  • 89. Filippo Brunelleschi • Commissioned to build the cathedral dome. – Used unique architectural concepts.  He studied the ancient Pantheon in Rome.  Used ribs for support.
  • 92. Other Famous Domes Il Duomo St. Peter’s St. Paul’s US capital (Florence) (Rome) (London) (Washington)
  • 93. Characteristics of Renaissance Architecture  Influcenced by archectiture of the classical period (Greece, Rome)  Use of Domes, arches, and columns.
  • 94. Niccolo Machiavelli: The Prince • Machiavelli was from Florence (1469-1527) • Well educated in the classics • Career was in public service and he eventually served as the ambassador to France • Written in Italian (not Latin) • Observations and commentary on political rule and power • Addressed the issue of effective rule – How to gain and maintain order and control – “…it is safer to be feared than to be loved…” – “The ends justify the means” • Stressed the practical (pragmatic) over the ethical or moral, more secular and humanistic • Political science- Politics was to be governed by its own laws
  • 95. The Courtier by Castiglione • Written in Italian 1528 • Treatise on the training of young men in the courtly ideal of a Renaissance gentleman • Stressed the value of education and manners • Influenced social mores and norms during the period
  • 96. Erasmus - 1446-1536 • Dutch • Biblical scholar and educator • Believed that the Bible was at the center of the Christian faith • Stressed Christian education and access to the scriptures (for everyone) – Believed that people should be able to read the scriptures for themselves • Highly critical of papal abuses and worldliness – The Praise of Folly
  • 97. Sir Thomas More • Lord Chancellor of England during the reign of Henry VIII- highest political office in England • Lawyer and scholar • Works reflect a commitment to the values and mandates of Scripture and the Church • Wrote Utopia – explored the idea of a “perfect” society • Eventually executed by Henry VIII for refusing to agree to the king and Parliament’s Act of Supremacy
  • 98. William Shakespeare 1564-1616 • English playwright – English vernacular • Many of his major works are a expression of Renaissance values of honor, heroism, and the struggle against “fate” and fortune • His view of man’s capacity for evil and self- destruction contrasted with the Renaissance humanistic ideal of humanity
  • 99. The Globe Theater in London
  • 100. The Renaissance brought a new way of thinking and living to Europe A new worldview was emerging The medieval Christian worldview was giving way to a more MODERN (secular and humanistic) view of the world and humanity
  • 101. How did the Renaissance change thought? Before After Focus on Afterlife Focus on this life The Individual not important The Individual is important Little focus on learning and Focus on learning the the arts “Classics” (The Iliad, Aristotle) to inspire learning and the arts “Dark” Ages “Rebirth” Age of “Faith” Age of Reason