This document discusses non-verbal communication and body language. It defines non-verbal communication and provides examples of different types, including facial expressions, gestures, eye contact, and posture. Universal facial expressions of emotions like happiness, sadness, fear and their physical characteristics are explained. Signs of lying, cultural differences in non-verbal behavior, and applications of understanding body language are also covered over the course of the document.
2. Overview Thesis Personal/World Relevance Definitions/Reasons/Types of Non-Verbal Communication Universal Facial Expressions Lying Other Important Non-Verbal Communication to Recognize Conclusion Application Class Activity
3. Thesis Nonverbal communication, specifically body language and facial expressions, is an important part of how humans interact. Understanding this communication can help people better understand each other by knowing what they aren’t saying.
4. Personal Relevance I choose this topic because I’ve always had an interest in body language. I’m a intuitive person so I can already somewhat interpret what other are not saying. I also enjoy the TV show Lie to Me.
5. World Relevance This topic is important to you and the world because it can help you to understand people better. This knowledge also helps to discover when people are lying whether it be people of power, criminals or everyday people trying to get ahead.
6. Definition of Non-Verbal Communication Convey information through conscious or subconscious gestures “Communication without words” Most effective when verbal and non-verbal are in sync
8. Reasons for Non-Verbal Communication Words have limitations Powerful More genuine “Words distract us from what faces would tell us if we paid attention” (Coniff)
9. Types of Non-Verbal Communication “A whole cluster is more reliable than just one part”
19. Cultural Differences Eye Contact “It’s disrespectful to look a person of importance directly in the eye” (Millar) Physical Contact Walking through doors
22. Dr. Paul Ekman Leader in facial analysis “Paul Ekman has identified over 3,000 facial expressions” (Millar) PhD from Adelphi University APA most influential psychologists of 20th century FACS
23. Universal Facial Expressions “Facial expressions are the universal language of the human soul” (Coniff) Inborn rather than learned 7 universal facial expression Happiness Sadness Fear Anger Surprise Disgust Contempt
24. Happiness Facial Expressions Mouth Eyelids Tighten Eyebrows “Happiness is hard to fake… you need more than a smile” (Millar)
31. Physiological Symptoms of Lying Perspiration Flushing/paleness of skin Increase pulse Dry mouth/tongue “He does not answer questions, or gives evasive answers; he speaks nonsense, rubs the great toe along the ground, and shivers, he rubs the roots of his hair with his fingers.”
32. Signs of Lying Mouth Guard Nose Touch Eye Rub Neck Scratch Ear Rub “See no evil, speak no evil, hear no evil”
33. Lying Gestures “Gestures are like words they can have more than one meaning. As the context changes, the meaning changes too.” (Spraling)
34. Signs of Lying- Facial Expressions Muscle movement on face is deliberate Blink rate increase Eyes may open wider “Lies are harder to cover up when emotion is involved” (Duenwald)
37. Flirting Distinct body signals “When one is trying to gain the interest of the opposite sex they display distinct signals” ("Body Language." BBC) Success depends Female Male
38. Flirting Signals Touch Bodies point Eye contact Smiling Leaning toward person Standing/sitting close Pupils dilate “The most important message is message received” (“Using Body Language”)
43. Conclusion I learned that even though body language doesn’t seem important it is because we pick up on it subconsciously and it affects how we act toward others I’m now more conscious of subtle body language that I would ignore normally I was surprised to learn how much non-verbal communication is over looked consciously but subconsciously it’s all picked up
45. Class activity Go on to my page on the Ning and click the link to the Lie to Me quiz site
46. Works cited Beall, Anne E. “Body Language Speaks: Reading and Responding More Effectively to Hidden Communication.” Student Resource Center Gold. N.p., 21 Feb. 2004. Web. 23 Feb. 2010. <http://find.galegroup.com//.do?prodId=IPS& userGroupName=king46652>. “Body Language.” BBC h2g2. BBC, 9 Nov. 2009. Web. 24 Feb. 2010. <http://www.bbc.co.uk//g2/>. “Body Language- Understanding Non-Verbal Communication.” Mind Tools. N.p., 2009. Web. 24 Feb. 2010. <http://www.mindtools.com/pages//_Language.htm>. "Body Language- Understanding Non-Verbal Communication." Mind Tools. N.p., 2009. Web. 24 Feb. 2010. <http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/ Body_Language.htm>. Brougham, Charles G. “Nonverbal Communication: Can What They Don’t Say Give Them Away?” Student Resource Center Gold. N.p., 16 July 1992. Web. 23 Feb. 2010. <http://find.galegroup.com//.do?prodId=IPS& userGroupName=king46652>. Duenwald, Mary. “Is She Hiding Something?” History Reference Center. N.p., 2005. Web. 23 Feb. 2010. <http://wf2dnvr9.webfeat.org/sqT6N1131/=http://web.ebscohost.org>.
47. Works Cited “The Eight Aspects of Body Language.” Body Language Experts. N.p., 2010. Web. 24 Feb. 2010. <http://www.bodylanguageexpert.co.uk/KeyElementsOfBodyLanguage.htm>. Millar, James, dir. Secrets of Body Language. A&E Television Networks, 2008. AVI file. Lambert, David. Body Language 101. New York: Skyhorse, 2008. Print. Lie to Me. Advertisement. FOX. Nov. 2004. YouTube. Web. 30 Apr. 2010 Millar, James, dir. Secrets of Body Language. A&E Television Networks, 2008. AVI file. Miller, Patrick W. “Body Language in the Classroom.” Gale Virtual Reference Library. N.p., Nov.-Dec. 2005. Web. 5 Feb. 2010. <http://find.galegroup.com//.do? &contentSet=IAC-Documents&type=retrieve&tabID=T002&prodId=SRC-1 &docId=A139206499&source=gale&srcprod=SRCG&userGroupName=king46652 &version=1.0>.
48. Works Cited Sparling, Polly. “Say...What?” Student Resource Center Gold. N.p., Oct. 2005. Web. 23 Feb. 2010. <http://find.galegroup.com//.do?prodId=IPS& userGroupName=king46652>. “The Study of Facial Expressions.” Body Language Expert. N.p., 2010. Web. 24 Feb. 2010. <http://www.bodylanguageexpert.co.uk/study-facial-expressions>. “Understanding Body Language.” Body Language Magic. N.p., 2010. Web. 24 Feb. 2010. <http://www.improvementtower.com//_Body_Language.html>. "Using Body Language." ChangingMinds.org. N.p., 2010. Web. 24 Feb. 2010. <http://changingminds.org/techniques/body/body_language.htm>. Wagner, Kendra Van. "Types of Nonverbal Communication." Psychology. About.com, n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2010. <http://psychology.about.com/od/ nonverbalcommunication/a/?once=true&>. Verma, UshaBarjracharya. "Lying or Not." SIRS Discoverer. N.p., July 1999. Web. 23 Feb. 2010.
This slide is important because I want people to understand what nonverbal communication is before I present on it.Nonverbal communication involves everything that doesn’t have to do with spoken wordsIf nonverbal and verbal are out of sync it normally a sign of deceptionCitation(Miller 6),(Lambert)
This slide is important because it shows how important nonverbal communication is compared to verbal7% of communication is verbalThe other 93% of communication is nonverbal with 55% being BL and 38% being in the voiceWithout words it would be much harder to lie if we didn’t have wordsCitation (Millar), (Brougham)
This slide is important because it shows the importance of nonverbal communicationWords can only say so much. It is also easy to lie with our words, nonverbal is more honest because you can’t control itNVC is also powerful because it often says what words fail to or it can reinforce what is being saidNVC is more genuine because its not controlled so it shows true feelingsCitation (Miller 11)Pic- (“Association Times”)
This slide is important because Paul Ekman is the leading expert in this fieldThis is a private university in New York, its one of the oldest institutions, founded in 1863American Psychological Association Consultant for FOX TV show Lie to MeMapped 43 facial muscles responsible for 7 microexpressions, then coded them for FACSHe identified over 3000 FE in his researchCitations ("The Study of Facial Expressions”)Pic- (“Word Press”)
This slide is important because is is explains all the aspects of BLCommon misconception is that specific behaviors indicate same thought for all people. Different people have different tells. For example some people project anger for sadness but if you look closely you can still see the sadness. It is better to have more than one to identify emotion There are many forms of nonverbal communication and here some examples
P- distance between individuals. People generally sit/stand near people they like. ADD MORE NOTESCitation(Beall),(Wagner) Pic- (“Travel Pod”), (“Punch Stock”)
Basically covered by FE it has to do with the faceADD NOTESCitation("The 8 Aspects of Body Language”), (Wagner) Pic- (“Draftsman”)
E- show whom or what people are most interested in or like, example kid is toy store. Normally first piece of FE others noticeCitation("The 8 Aspects of Body Language”) Pic- (“Flickr”)
RO- degree to which people face one another. Parallel orientationindicates interest. When body is turned away it indicates disinterest and normally the body point to where it wants to go. Also when moving forward could indicate dominance or intimacy, moving away can indicate avoidance or submission Citation(Beall), (Wagner) Pic- (“Jupiter Images”), (“Flickr”)
C- the frequency and amount of physical contact shows closeness, familiarity and degree of liking. Citation(Wagner) Pic- (“Word Press”)
IG- sometimes indicates person’s mind is not in sync with what is being said verbally. People gesture more when they are excited. When people are demoralized, nervous, or concerned Impression they tend to gesture less. Or if they do it tends to be jerky or uncoordinated with verbal (Clinton ML?)Citation(Beall)Pic- (“Shutter Stock”)
Paralinguistic is another word for vocal communication. Speech errors signify discomfort/ anxiety, reveals emotions. Tone, volume, emotion, pace influence messageCitation(Beall), (Wagner) Pic- (“Grosmont College”)
EoA- examples playing with rings, hair, pen. Occur when people are stressed, they release bodily tension Citation(Wagner) Pic- (“Veer”)
Appearance includes choice of clothing, hairstyles etcCitation(Beall)Pic- (“Groove Job”)
This slide is important because it explains what FE is1. Forehead/eyebrows, eyes/upper part of nose, lower face (nose, cheeks, mouth, chin)1. Movement of the facial muscles are spontaneous and uncontrollable therefore a better indicator of what someone’s feelings2. Other than words FE gives the most info on what we’re thinking or feeling3. Eye contact is included with facial expression because the eyes are apart of the face and move according to different emotions4. Brief, involuntary, lasts for 1/25 of a second, most people are unaware of it, occurs when one is trying to hide feelings. The internal response may last for minute or so the expression only lasts for 2 or 3 secondsCitation(Miller),("The Study of Facial Expressions”)Pic- (“How Stuff Works”)
This slide is important because it shows the universality of FEThis quote explains the universality of FE. Language is a barrier but everyone can understand the faceFE aren’t learned they are genetically inbornMention that sometimes Contempt isn’t mentioned as a universal FE. Contempt is when the lips tighten and one half curves up in a smirk4. Discovered by Paul Ekman. He went to Papua New Guinea and Japan and found that the people could identify and express the same emotions as American people.Citation("The Study of Facial Expressions”)(Lambert)
This slide is important because it explains what happiness is and how to recognize itThis basically forms a smileEyelids tightenThe outside of the brows pull downCitation("The Study of Facial Expressions”),(Duenwald) Pic- (“Stock Photo”), (“Life is a Twist”)
Whole face slack and unanimated appearanceMouth droops at the corners with chin pulled up, lips may quiver if on the verge of tearsInner ends of eyebrows rise to make triangle between them and the rot of the nose, sometimes there are wrinkles in middle of foreheadEyes may glisten with unshed tearsThe whole body slacks and the voice isn’t animatedCitation(Lambert),("Using Body Language"), ("The Study of Facial Expressions”)Pic- (“Well Press”)
Eyebrows curve and shoot upward,Wrinkles on the foreheadMouth may stay open of a small period of timeBL may include backward movementCitation(Lambert),("Using Body Language")Pic- (“Formula 1”)
Eyes narrow (animal instinct), eyebrows are down and inward, vertical wrinkles between eyebrowsLips tightly closed and straight, turned down at cornersNostrils flareCitation(Lambert),("Using Body Language”), ("The Study of Facial Expressions”)Pic- (“Word Press”)
Similar to surpriseEB rise and pull together wrinkles in middle of foreheadUpper eyelids rise, lower eyelids tense and riseLips tensely pulled around open mouthOther clues- dry mouth: licking lips, rubbing throatCitation(Lambert),("Using Body Language")Pic- (“The Soko”)
Lower eyelids rise and lines appear belowMouth both lips rise or lips make slight poutWrinkle nose and cheeks move upDowncast with eyes narrowingCitation(Lambert),("The Study of Facial Expressions”)Pic- (“Telepac”)
This slide it important because it shows that there are cultural differences In some countries it is disrespectful to look someone directly in the eye. In countries like Japan it is disrespectful to look someone directly in the eye. Direct eye contact conveys dislike for someone else.Proximity is influenced by social norms, situational factors, personal characteristics and level of familiarity (SHOULD THIS GO HERE?)In American most men don’t like contact with unfamiliar males but In some cultures men fully embraced other male strangers. This is common in the Latin American areas.In America it is common to let other through the door before you as a polite gesture. But in the Middle East appearance is important and to them the last person through the door is the most important. (INSERT CLIP)In the clip Clinton and Israeli and Pakistani leaders are at a peace conference and the leaders struggle for who is going to go through the door lastCitation(Beall),(Wagner)Pic- (“UTSA Today”)
This slide is important because it shows the physical symptoms of lying. Increase sweating is a sign that they are scared of being found outThis goes along with perspirationWith the increase of pulse there can also be an appearance of veins in head, neck, or throatWith dry mouth/tongue comes excessive swallowing and licking of the lipsSide note- people find it harder to lie when their personal space is invadedCitation(Brougham)
This slide is important because it explains the signs of lying When a child tells a lie he may cover his mouth with his hands to stop the deceitful words from coming out, if he doesn’t want to listen to a reprimanding parent he will cover his ears, or when he sees something he doesn’t want to look at he covers his eyes. When a person gets older these actions become less obviousHands cover mouth and thumb against cheek, few finger over mouth, or closed fist over mouth. Done so no more deceitful words come out or so they won’t say any more liesMore sophisticated form of mouth guard. More subtle Attempt to block out deceit, avoid seeing the face of person they lied toScratch below earlobe, signal of doubt or uncertaintyRubbing, pullingearCitation(Verma)Pic- (“USF Education”)
This slide is important because it shows more signs of detecting when someone is lyingIf someone’s face is calm but there is active motion in the arms, hands, legs and feet it’s a good sign they’re lying. Specifically if they rotate their hand at the wrist indicates uncertainty. Shoulder shrugs are also a common sign of a lie. (GIVE EXAMPLES WITH VIDEO?)Truthful people gesture away from their body while liars gesture toward themselves.Grooming gestures and clothing adjustments that keep their hands busy allows for a delay answering questions.For example lying to someone about a new hair cut vs. lying about committing a crimeCitation(Brougham),("Body Language." BBC)
ADD VIDEO
This slide is important because is shows the the FE of lyingFE are normally spontaneous where the muscle movement is the same on both sides but when someone is lying the movement is deliberate so the face muscles aren’t even. When a person is making deliberate movements the cortex that’s involved with making the motions is stronger connected to the left side. So there will be more motion on the left side when someone is deliberately making the FENo eye contactInternal stress causes the eyes to open wider.Citation(Brougham),("Body Language- Understanding Non-Verbal Communication”)Pic- (“UTSA Today”)
The slide is important because is explains how the voice can give a liar away How something is said can give a liar away1. Pitch, loudness, and quality could change because of lie2. Space fillers like (uh or um) also they may begin to stutter3. They will also offer less info and speech rate may slow and long hesitations before answeringCitation(Brougham)Pic- (“Word Press”)
This slide is important because it shows that one has to know the context to understand the BL1. Some people have tells on when they’re lying or feeling a certain way. Easier to spot lies if one knows the person2. You have to determine if the body language someone is showing is appropriate for a situation. If someone shows contempt when the should be showing sadness there’s probably something wrong3. Its better for someone to have a baseline to better understand how another’s BL works4. A hotspot are FE that are at odds with what is being said or is not expected in situation(INSERT VIDEO)This video is of Paris Hilton being released from jail. She’s not acting like she normally would she’s showing that she’s learned her lesson and is now a “good girl”Citation(Millar)
This slide is important because it shows how someone can try to fake emotions and how to spot them INSERT CLIPIn this clip Marion Jones, a track and field star, in 2004 is denying accusations of her using sports enhancement drugs. She says that the events have led her “more in sadness than anger” but she doesn’t show sadness or anger.In this second clip from the same conference there is a lot of eyebrow action but what she is displaying isn’t anger or sadness it’s more fear. At the very end she shows sadness, that is an example of a hotspot, another would be the lack of anger 3 years later Marion Jones was convicted of using sports enhancing drugs
This slide is important because it explains defensive BL so one knows how to recognize it Vulnerable spots include covering throat with chin or covering groin area with knees, hands or objectCreating a barrier puts object in front of self and other person so it makes it harder for the other person to come toward them. Can include crossed arms or holding an objectHuddle in a smaller position to go unnoticedChurchill is covering vulnerable spot because he’s not really involved and is afraid of what might happen after the warCitation(“Using Body Language”),("Body Language- Understanding Non-Verbal Communication”)Pic- (“CIA”)
This slide is important because it explains the signs of flirtingSomeone wanting to attract the opposite sex sends out distinct signalsSuccess depends on how well you interpret the other persons BL Females display more signals than males and are better at spotting signals from males. They also give off subtler signalsMales tend to be less subtle than females and are also slower to pick up signals from womenCitation(Lambert)Pic- (“Word Press”)
This slide is important because it explains the signs of flirtingSomeone can touch the person they’re attracted to. People sometimes touch themselves where they want to be touched by the other person. Ex: caress their face, arms or legsThe body points to what its most interested in EC- look, look away look back, Shy Di- head dipped while looking up. EC lasts longer. Includes sideways glances Smiling pretty obvious Leaning toward the person is an obvious sign of interestAgain closeness is a good sign of interestWhen someone is interested in something their pupils dilateFlirting signals mean nothing unless the other person receives themCitation("Body Language." BBC),("Using Body Language")Pic- (“Kingdom Women Ministry”)
This slide is important because is explains the BL of someone who is interested it what one is sayingShows person how interested you are in what they are sayingAll of these show interest in what a speaker is saying. Citation("Using Body Language") Pic- (“The Daily Sentinel”)
This slide is important because it shows when people aren’t paying attentionEyes glazed, eyes somewhere else, looking at clockFiddling with pens, playing with hair, writing or doodlingCitation("Body Language- Understanding Non-Verbal Communication”),("Using Body Language") Pic- (“Syncrat”)
This slide is important because it shows aggressive BL and how its useful in the real worldAggressive somewhat resembles angerClenched fists indicate that they might punch someone Aggression often leads to violence so it is important to be able to spot these clues especially for law enforcementCitation("Using Body Language"), (Millar)Pic- (“Anger Solution”)
ADD VIDEO (CHECK IF VOICE ON VIDEO)This slide is important because it is proof of concept for the previous slideThis is a police tape of what should be a routine stop in Georgia 1998 caught on camera by a dashboard cameraThe first sign of something wrong is when the person gets out of the car. This means one of two things he’s going to attack officer or he’s trying to separate himself with what’s in the vehicle Then he hesitates to do what the officer says because he has a plan in mindThe person is also displaying nervous gestures: he’s playing with his coat and his hands are in pockets, he may also have something in his pockets to harm the officer The dancing around shows the officer that he’s not in charge, its also to maybe intimidate him because he doesn’t have authority Right after the dancing around he claps his hands is an aggressive gesture, it gets the blood flowing so he’s ready to fightOff camera the person fights with the officer and then goes back to his truck to get a gun and shoot the officer dead
This slide is important because it explains how to be confident in an interviewStanding/sitting tall with shoulders backSolid eye contact normally with smiling faceGestures with arms and hands are purposeful and deliberateSpeech is slow and deliberateTone of voice is moderate to lowCitation("Body Language- Understanding Non-Verbal Communication”)