2. Main Problems in Farm
Animals
• 1- Acute Pneumonia
• 2-Acute enteritis .
• 3-Acute mastitis
• 4-Endometritis
• 5-Claw affections
• 6-Arthritis and Rheumatic pain.
• NB:
• 90 % of problems are inflammatory
3. Inflammation
• It the reaction of the living tissue to
injury .
• It is the first line of def.mechanism
• It is usually ending by healing.
• It may become more harmful as in
case of peracute mastitis and
rheumatic diseases.
4. Causes of Inflammation
Pathogenic Microorganisms: It may
be due bacteria, virus or parasites .
Mechanical and thermal
injuries:Excessive cold and trauma.
Chemical poisons:Such as ,acid or
alkalis.
Immune reaction: Urticaria, eczema
and photosensitization.
5. Stages of Inflammation
• 1-Phase 1 (Histamine release)
It increases vascular permeability
It leads to migration of leukocytes and produce pain.
2- Phase 2 (Prostaglandin’s release)
It increases vascular permeability
Induce emigration of leukocytes
Produce Pain+ Hotness+ Swelling.
3- Phase 3 (Lose of function)
1-Depression 2-Fever 3-Loss of appetite.
6. Anti-inflammatory Drugs
• These are agents which reduce the effect of
substance released at the site of
inflammation such as:
• Prostaglandin
• Bradykinine
• Histamine
7. Types of Anti-inflammatory Drugs
– 1-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs
• Inhibit secretion of cyclo-oxygenase
and phospholipase enzymes so they
prevent secretion of prostaglandin and
leukocytes so they have an immune-
suppressive effect.
9. Therapeutic Uses
• 1-Allergic skin diseases as eczema and dermatitis.
• 2- Allergic ophthalmic diseases such as
congunctivitis
• 3-Arthritis (injected intra-synovial or peri-ticular.)
• 4-Induction of parturition
• 5-Post parturient ketosis in cows and pregnancy
toxemia in sheep
• 6- Inflammation of skin, eyes or joints.
10. Side effects of Steroidal Ant.Inf..
• 1-Efects on carbohydrate metabolism:
• A-Induce hyperglcemia and glucosuria.
• B-Decrease glucose utilization in tissues.
• 2-Effects on mineral metabolism:
• A-Loss of K+ , Ca++ and phosphorus.
• B- Retention of Na+ leading to Water retention and
edema .
11. 2-Effects on protein metabolism
• It reduces amino acids available for
protein synthesis resulting in
reducing antibody production
(Immune-suppression).
12. Other side effects
• *- Retardation of wound healing.
• *-Osteoporosis and fractures of
bones.
• *-Weakening of skeletal muscles.
13. Contraindication
• 1-pregnant animals.
• 2-Eye infections with corneal ulcer.
• 3-Without antibiotics in infections.
• 4-With vaccination procedures due to
immune body depression.
14. 2-Non steroidal anti-
inflammatory Drugs
–They exert their effects through
inhibition of prostaglandin by
inhibition of cyclo-oxygenase enzyme
that catalyze the conversion of
arachidonic acid to prostaglandin
30. 3-Acute Coliform Mastitis
• Main Clinical Signs:
• 1-Fever.
• 2-Pain and swelling in the udder.
• 3-Toxemia.
• 4-Changes in milk secretion
• 5-Loss of appetite.
31.
32. Main Lines of Treatment of
Acute Mastitis:
• 1-Fluid therapy
• 2-Anti-inflammatory
• 3-Antibiotic(Local+Systemic)
• 4-Antihistaminic
• 5-Vitamin A &C injection