Internal and external parasites prof.dr Hamed Attia

1. DISEASES CAUSED
BY PARASITES
Prof.Hamed Attia

2. 1-Etiology:
A- Main Causes:
1.Internal Parasities
I-Tremadodes :( Fascioliasis and
Paramphistomiasis)
II-Nematodes
(:Ascaris- Lung worm- Parasitic gastritis-
Parasitic enteritis)
III- Cestodes: (Monieziasisis- Avitellina
2.External Parasities( Ticks- Lice - Mites)

3. 2.External Parasities:
Ticks
Lice
Mites

8. B-Predisposing factors:
Nutrition:--1
A) Poorly fed animals are more
susceptible because their
failure to throw off infestation
quickly.
Ex.:
In calves lung worm.

9. B) A dietary deficiency of a
specific nutrient such as:
cobalt, copper, phosphorus led
to reduction of animal’s
resistance
C) Anemia.
D) Poor growth.

10. :Housing management-3
Fecal contamination of feed.
Crowding.
 Insufficient bedding .
 Inadequate nutrition.

11. II-Pathological Damage
of the parasite on the Host:
I-Mechanical Damage:
•Destroy tissue and causing wounds
ulcers and bleeding.
• as:
• in Haemonchus contortus (Stomach)
•Paramphistomum Cervix
• Immature rumen flukes in the small
intestine .

12. .
2- Obstruction.
may occur in the
small airways of
lungs infected by:
Dictyocaulus spp.
2-Ascaris

13. .
3- Pressure:
on the liver or lungs from:
Echinococcus granulosus hydatid
cysts.
Tissue under excessive pressure is
not well nourished with blood and
may become inactive.

14. III-Depletion of the animal:
Parasites absorb food that the
host has already ingested for
its own use.
(tapewormsMoniezia expansa

15. IV-Allergic reaction:
-Chemical components of parasites
are foreign to the host and can
cause allergic reactionsDictyocalus
-Bunostomum

16. ● Acute, subacut or chronic snail-born disease
● Affecte liver and bile ducts of herbiverous
mammals and man
● Caused by Fasciola Spp
● Characterized by sudden death in acute form
bottle-jaw
paller of mucosa
shedding of hair or wool
chronic
form
Sep. 05 AB
1-Fascioliasis

17. ~8 weeks
in snail to
release of
infective
fluke
~12 weeks
from infection
to adult fluke
(G) Life Cycle:

18. (a) Clinical findings (1)
i- Acute fascioliasis
This is a more common occurance in
sheep and goats and less commonly
found in cattle.
1- Sudden death without any clinical signs
2- If the disease observed, there are:
- Dullness, weakness & anorexia
- Recumbancy & subnormal temperature
- Pain on palpation on the liver
- Death occurs rapidaly & may be accompanied
with passage of blood-stained discharges from
nostril & anus
Sep. 05 AB

19. (a) Clinical findings (2)
Sep. 05 AB
This is a more common occurance in
sheep and goats and less commonly
found in cattle.
1- Loss of weight
2- Paller of mucous membrane
3- Submandibular oedema seen only on few cases
ii- Subacute fascioliasis

20. (a) Clinical findings (3)
iii- Chronic fascioliasis
This is a more common occurance
in cattle and less commonly found
in sheep and goats
1- Loss of weight
2- Pallor of mucosae
3- Bottle-jaw
4- Sheeding of wool may occur
5- Some die after 2-3 m & other
survive with emaciation
Sep. 05 AB
In sheep:
2
3

22. III-Control:
:Nutrition)1
Good nutrition status and
freedom specific nutritional
deficiencies increase the
resistance of live stock to the
effects of helminth parasites.

23. :Housing management-2
Avoid over crowding.
Remove manure frequently, provide
plenty of bedding.
Feed and water should be high enough
off the floor to avoid fecal contamination
Maintain the plan of nutrition .
Avoid moving of animals from area free
from internal parasites to area heavy
infested with parasites.

24. 4) protective treatment :
*Protective dosing with
anthelminthics prevent infestation
against clinical or subclinical
parasitic disease.
A-Indication:
1-treatment for individual animal
exhibiting clinical signs.

25. How can you choose anthelmintic
1 -Mode of action, spectrum of
activity,
2 -Duration of effect and its efficacy
(i.e. kill adult or larvae, suppress the
parasitic egg production, or promote
the expulsion of worm from GIT.
3-The frequency of treatment .

26. The ideal anthelmintic has the
following properties:
(a)A broad spectrum activity against adult
and larval helminth parasites.
(b)A rapid metabolism in the body.
(c)A low toxicity in the target species.
(d)No side-effects to the animal.

28. Administration
of
Anthelmintics:

29. 1-Dosing by mouth
 The majority of anthelmintics are given by
mouth as:
 liquid preparations
 pastes
 boluses
 tablets

30. 2-Dosing by injection
The size of needles
the site of injection

31. Control
3- Seasonal treatment:-
* Timed by seasonal transmission
factor can reduce the number of
treatment but may fail if
environmental factors changed.

32. 8. Drugs used for treatment of :
internal and external
parasites.

33. In sheep and goats 1 tablet/ 25 kg
per osImmature and adult Fasciola
Spp.
Cattle 14/50, sheep 2/10 as
drench
)Pharma-Swead(
Tape, round and lung worm,
and adult liver fluke
Albendazole
1g / 10 kg Bwt. orally
)Pfizer(
Gastro-intestinal nematodesBanminth
1ml/ 5 kg per os
)Upjohn(
Parasitic gastroenteritis, lung
worm and tape worm
Tyvert
3ml /10 kg orally
)ADWIA(
Fascioliasis, and all type of
nematodes .
Thibendazole and
Rafoxanide mixture
12.5ml /100 kg orally
(ADWIA(
Fascioliasis, wire worms and
oestrus ovis .
Rafoxanide
Suspension
1ml/a50 kg S/C
)Bio trading(
Internal and external
parasites.
Genesis)
7ml / 100 kg Bwt. S/C in different
area in the neck
)Byer(
Gastro-intestinal nematodes
and lung worm
Citarine
1ml / 25 kg Bwt. S/C
)Cid(
Liver flukeFasciolid
1ml / 25 kg Bwt. S/C
(MSD)
Liver fluke and round worms.Ranide
cattle and sheep 0.5 ml / 10 kg
Bwt. S/C & I/M.
(NVESA(
Immature and mature
fascioliasis and GIT
nematodes
Rolenol
1ml /25 kg S/C
)ADWIA(
Fascioliasis, round worms
and oestrus ovis .
Rafoxanide 7.5%
1ml/25 kg S/C
(RHONE MERIEUX)
Fascioliasis, gastro-intestinal
parasites and oestrus ovis.
Dovenix
Dose, route of adminstration &
company
Indication
Drug & active
principle
Fasinex250

34. Dose, route of adminstration &
company
IndicationDrugs & active principle
5ml/15 kg oral drench
)Pharma-Swead(
Broad spect. Anthelmentics
against round worm of GIT,
Lung of cattle, sheep and goat.
Levamisole
15ml/100 kg Bwt
paramphist. 40 ml/100 kg
)Schering-plough(
GIT Nematodes, Cestodes,
fasciolahepatica &
Paramphistomum
Hapadex
4 ml / 10 kg Bwt orally
for GIT nematodes & adult
fascioliasis) Pfizer(
GIT Nematodes, round, tape
worms and Fasciola
Valbazinesus
(Albendazole)
1TABLET / 80 kg Bwt orally(Pfizer)GIT Nematodes, round, tape
worms and Fasciola
Valbazine tab
Albendazole))
40g / 100 kg Bwt. orally( Uccma)Ascaridia and oxyuris in cattle
and horses
Piperazine
citrate 50%
10g / 100 kg Bwt. orally
)ADWIA(
Ascaridia and oxyuris in cattle
and horses
Piperazine
DHC 52%
Cattle, sheep & dog 1 tablet / 10 kg
Bwt. orally
(Byer(
Taenia spp. and
paramphistomum.
Yomesan
)Niclozamid(
Past syring / 600 kg Bwt. on the base
of the tongue
)MSD Agvet(
Internal parasites of horseEquvalan
)Ivermectin(