CSK HPKV

1. Submitted to : Dr. Pardeep Kumar
Presented by : Ajay Chauhan
Production Technology
of
Peas

2. Botanical Name : Pisum sativum L.
Chromosome number : 2n=2x=14
Family : Leguminosae
Primary Centre of Origin : Central Asia
Secondary centre of origin : Near East
 Important off-season cash crops of zone-II, III & IV of HP
.
 Area in HP: >21000 hectare with production of 202621MT
 Zone-II: Winter
 Zone-III & IV: Summer
INTRODUCTION

3. USES OF PEA
 Rich source : protein (25%)
amino acids
sugars(12%)
carbhohydrates
vitamin A and C
 Ecological advantage : fixing atmospheric nitrogen
 Leaves used as pot herb in Myanmar.
 Oil from ripened seed – antisex hormonic effect
 Seeds should be used for contraceptive, fungistatic & spermicide.
 Green peas are the number one processed vegetable specifically in UK and
USA.

4. VARIETIES
Early Varieties:
 Arkel: Dwarf variety suitable for growing in all the agro-climatic conditions of
Himachal Pradesh having 8-9 seeds per pod.. Average yield is 55 q/ha.
 VL -7: Dwarf, light green wrinkled seeded with 6-8 seeds per pod. Average
yield is 50 q/ha.
 Matar Ageta: Dwarf variety, mature one week earlier to Arkel and
productivity is 10-15 percent higher than Arkel.

5.  Punjab 89: This is a high yielding variety with attractive and shining pods of
10-12 cm long having 9-12 seeds per pod. the average yield of the variety is 140
q/ha.
 Palam Priya (DPP-68): The variety is released from CSKHPKV, Palampur
having yield (125 q/ha) and resistance to powdery mildew disease.
 Solan Nirog: It is released from Dr. YS Parmar UHF and resistant to powdery
mildew disease. Average yield is 130 q/ha. Suitable for Zone II and Zone III.
 GC-477: Pods are dark green with 7-8 seeds per pod. It is susceptible to
powdery mildew but tolerant to Aschochyta blight and Bacterial blight diseases.
 Palam Smool: This is recently released variety from CSKHPKV, Palampur,
having big size pods (12-14 cm in length) and average productivity is 140 q/ha.
The other main season varieties of pea recommended for cultivation in Himachal
Pradesh are Bonneville, VL-3 and Kinnauri.
MAIN SEASON VARIETIES

6. CLIMATE
 Pea is typically a cool season crop
 Optimum temperature for seed germination is 22˚C
 Even though seeds germinate at 5˚ C, speed of germination is less
 Early stage of crop is tolerant to frost, but flowering and fruit development are
adversely affected by frost
 Optimum monthly mean temperature for growth of plants is 10-18.3o C.
 As temperature increases the maturity is hastened and yield is reduced
 Quality of pods produced is also low at high temperature due to conversion of
sugars to hemicellulose and starch.

7. SOIL TYPE
• Crop prefers well drained, loose and friable loamy soil for early
crop and clayey soil for high yield
• Ideal pH is 6.0-7.5 and it grows under alkaline soil
• If soil is acidic, liming is recommended

8. In Himachal Pradesh
Early varieties:
Low Hills: September –October
Mid Hills: September (first fortnight)
High Hills: March –June in high hills.
Main Season Varieties:
Low & Mid Hills: November
High Hills: October-November and March-June
SOWING TIME

9. Early Varieties : 140-150Kg/ ha
Main Season Varieties : 80-90Kg/ha
Early Varieties : 30 x 5 cm2
Main Season Varieties : 45-60 x 10 cm2
SEED RATE
SPACING

10.  10 tonnes of farmyard manure
 25 kg N , 70 kg P2O5 and 50 kg K2O are recommended for one hectare.
 Entire dose is drilled at the time of seed sowing.
 If fertilizers are coming in contact with seeds, there will be severe injury to
seeds.
 Fertilizer should be applied in bands at 7-8 cm away and 2.5 cm deeper from
seeds.
 Application of sodium molybdate @ 40 kg/ha either as per or post emergence
spray is reported to increase yield and collar rot resistance in peas.
MANURES AND FERTILIZERS

11. IRRIGATION
 Optimum moisture at the time of sowing: For proper germination
 Irrigate at 10-12 days interval
 Water stress at the time of flowering and pod filling stage reduces
the yield drastically.

12. • Lasso (alachlor) @ 0.75 kg a.i./ha or tribunal @ 1.5 kg a.i./ha or
pendemethalin 0.5 kg a.i. / ha as pre emergence spray along with
one hand weeding at 25-45 days after sowing is very effective for
weed control.
• Inter-culture when plants are 15 cm high, tall varieties should be
stacked with wooden sticks or twigs for trailing.
• A single row of stakes fixed in middle of raised bed will support
both rows of plants in each bed.
INTERCULTURE AND WEEDING

13.  Pods should be harvested at proper stage and time for getting higher market
prices
 Pods should be properly filled at the time of harvesting
 Delay in picking of pods adversely affects the quality of pods and colour of
pods also fades
 Normally pods are harvested 4-5 times at an interval of 7-10 days
 However, in dry temperate areas, the entire crop is harvested in 2-3 pickings
only
 Under organic farming conditions, the average productivity of early
varieties is 50-60 q/ha and main season varieties is 120-150 q/ha.
HARVESTING AND YIELD

14. PESTS AND DISEASES
Major pests :
Stem fly
Pea aphid
Leaf miner
Pod borer
Major diseases :
Wilt
Root-rot,
Powdery mildew
Rust
Ascochyta blight
Pod rot