What is Sustainable Tourism and how IoT may help to reduce crowd management. This material reports on our experience within the Uffizi Galleries project and the CAPS IoT modeling and simulation framework.

1. IoT and crowd mgt
Henry Muccini
University of L’Aquila, Italy &
nExpecto Srl &
CINI
henry.muccini@univaq.it
Slides available at:
http://www.slideshare.net/henry.muccini/

2. Henry Muccini – GSSI «Smart City Looks like…» 2019
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A smart city is a vision where key infrastructure components
and services – e.g., environmental, emergency response,
transport/mobility/energy management - are seamlessly
integrated to meet the real and priority needs of its
population. Those services have to be therefore context-
dependent and support the achievement of city-specific goals.
Smart city solutions have to be multi-disciplinary, blending
together socio, cultural, and technical aspects altogether. In
this context, ICT becomes the means to move from problems
to digital solutions.

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My Research
Architecting complex systems
1997-2008 architecture based testing
2000-2010 architecture-based formal verification
2008-2015 architecture description languages
2015-now ……..

4. Dipartimento di Ingegneria e Scienze
Università degli Studi dell’Aquila
dell’Informazione e Matematica
Part I : Sustainable Tourism

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Sustainability
• “capacity to endure” [1] and
• “preserve the function of a system over an
extended period of time.” [2]
Maintaining and preserving (certain
properties/abilities/states) in the
long-term…
[1] Sustainability: Can our society endure? http://www.sustainability.com/sustainability
[2] Hilty, L.M., Arnfalk, P., Erdmann, L., Goodman, J., Lehmann, M., and Wäger,P.A. The relevance of information and communication
technologies for environmental sustainability: A prospective simulation study. Environmental Modelling & Software 21, 11 (Nov.
2006) 1618–1629.

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Sustainable tourism
1975 - the United Nations World Tourism
Organization (UNWTO) has been created to promote
a sustainable and responsible form of tourism
UNWTO defined in 1988 sustainable tourism as
“Tourism that takes full account of its current and
future economic, social and environmental impacts,
addressing the needs of visitors, the industry, the
environment and host communities”.

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Tourism’s development “shall be based on criteria of
sustainability, which means that it must be ecologically
bearable in the long term, economically viable, as well
as ethically and socially equitable for the local
communities” (1st principle, World Conference on
Sustainable Tourism Development, Lanzarote 1995)

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Unsustainable tourism: cruises
Cruise holidays pollute 1000 times more than bike
holidays in terms of CO2 emissions. They are also
responsible for sea pollution, barrier reef
destruction and dumping of waste at sea.
Posted on April 17, 2018 by Emma Trevisan
https://ecobnb.com/blog/2018/04/sustainable-tourism-meaning-potential/

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https://youtu.be/GyCLhvxpQt0

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Reflections
Sustainability
vs.
Business

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PST 2017-2022 - «Strategic Plan for Tourism»
MIBAC, Ministry of Cultural
Heritage and Activities, released
the «Strategic Plan for Tourism»
that promotes a sustainable
tourism.
It proposes a strategic plan
based on sustainability,
innovation and
competitiveness.
Sustainability is mentioned 108
times

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PST 2017-2022 - «Strategic Plan for Tourism»

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PST 2017-2022 - «Strategic Plan for Tourism»

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Tourism in Italy in 2017
http://www.tgcom24.mediaset.it/economia/turismo-2017-un-anno-record-oltre-420-milioni-di-presenze-in-italia_3114758-201702a.shtml
http://www.repubblica.it/viaggi/2017/09/09/news/turismo_il_boom_dell_estate_2017_al_mare_il_16_per_cento_in_piu_-174990862/
+4,2% (wrt 2016)
beaches (+4,3%)
lakes (+3,9%)
mountains (+3,8%)

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Cultural tourism in Italy in 2017
+9% tourists
+13% income
50+ milions visitors
http://aise.it/made-in-italy/turismo-2017-anno-record-ed-%EF%BF%BD-boom-per-il-turismo-culturale-/103489/1#.Wk4Cm_V3hA4.twitter
https://www.ilfattoquotidiano.it/2018/01/06/cultura-2017-da-record-per-i-musei-italiani-oltre-50-milioni-di-visitatori-5-in-piu-del-2016-colosseo-
e-pompei-al-top/4076731/

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ALL NICE….
BUT NOT REALLY!!!

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20. Overtourism…

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Overtourism – in museums
(dailymail.co.uk)
1,5 – 2 hours of waiting time (avg)
7 hours of max waiting time

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«Osservatorio sull’Innovazione dei Beni ed
Attività culturali», Politecnico di Milano
127.644
feedbacks on
TripAdvisor and
Google Maps
4,67/5 about
beauty of the
cultural heritage
in Italy
Queues and
services
Il Sole 24 Ore – Tecnologia, May 17, 2019

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La Repubblica, June 25, 2019

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Too much… or nothing!
http://www.istat.it/it/files/2016/12/Report-Musei.pdf?title=Musei+
20/4.976 museum in Italy attract more than
1/3 of all visitors
36,5% of museums in Italy attract less than
1.000 visitors per year

25. Overtourism and
Undertourism alltogether

26. Dipartimento di Ingegneria e Scienze
Università degli Studi dell’Aquila
dell’Informazione e Matematica
Part II: The Uffizi Gallery
project

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More than
2.200.000 visitors
per year
3rd most visited
museum in Italy in
2018
Limited
contemporary
access for safety
reasons

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Concrete projects: Uffizi Galleries
Goals:
– Reduce the waiting time to get in
– Optimize internal human flow
– Multi-museum load balancing

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Infrastructure (big data)
Dt&Rt Data
Dt&Rt
Data
Dt&Rt Data
IoT Components
(data producers)
Descriptive
Models
IoT Components
(data producers)
Optimiza
zion
Models
Predictive
Models
1

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Models
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UnivAQ
Models for
Uffizi
Numerosita’
storica 36 mesi
#distribuzione
arrivi nella
mattina
# prenotati
# meteo
# tempi di
visita
Checkpoint
interni No show
Descriptive
Predictive
Adaptive
2

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Human Factors3

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Queues: before and after
Before
After

36. Henry Muccini, CEO and founder
info@nexpecto.com

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Our Mission
Services
MobiTick Multi-Site Monitoro Expecto Pianifico nEmergency
Goals
Avoid Queues in
complex scenarios
Increase urban
security
Ridistribute human
flows
nExpecto S.r.l. produces ICT research-based
solutions for monitoring and controlling human
flows in open and closed spaces

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The nExpecto team
►Gianluca Scatena
►Francesco Tarquini
►Maurizio Maravalle
►Fabrizio Rossi
►Giorgio Lattanzi
►Giacomo Cerquone
►Giulio Nazzicone
►Gioacchino Castorio
►Stefano Martella
►Mahyar Tourchi
►Karthik Vaidyanathan
►Mirco Franzago
►Mohammad Sharaf
►Henry Muccini

39. Dipartimento di Ingegneria e Scienze
Università degli Studi dell’Aquila
dell’Informazione e Matematica
Part III: Engineering Cyber
Physical Spaces

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Infrastructure (big data)
Dt&Rt Data
Dt&Rt
Data
Dt&Rt Data
IoT Components
(data producers)
Descriptive
Models
IoT Components
(data producers)
Optimiza
zion
Models
Predictive
Models
1

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(for crowd management)

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Cyber Physical Space: examples
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tgULkozh32UOngoing work at Turku University, Finland

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Overall: technical
Physical Space
Cyber Physical Space

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Overall: decision making
- Which solution is more e.g.
energy efficient?
- Which architecture
decisions may limit the
amount of data created,
transferred, and analyzed?
- Which communication
topology to use?
Cyber Physical Space

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Software Architecture
Model
SAML
HW Model
HWML
Physical Space Model
SPML
CAPS Modeling languages
Software Hardware Space

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CAPS

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CAPS simulation

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#MADEinUnivAQ