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CULTIVATING CREATIVITY
IN DATA WORK
HILARY PARKER
ICOTS 2018
ICOTS 2018
ICOTS 2018
CULTIVATING CREATIVITY
IN DATA WORK
You’ve told me everything NOT to do,
but how will I know what to do?
Anonymous Roger Peng student
ICOTS 2018
http://r4ds.had.co.nz/explore-intro.html
“Data Science is an art”
https://leanpub.com/artofdatascience
“Data analysis is hard, and part of
the problem is that few people can
explain how to do it. It’s not that
there aren’t any people doing data
analysis on a regular basis. It’s that
the people who are really good at it
have yet to enlighten us about the
thought process that goes on in
their heads.”
https://www.slideshare.net/ElsevierConnect/zen-and-the-art-of-data-science-maintenance/1
https://www.slideshare.net/ElsevierConnect/zen-and-the-art-of-data-science-maintenance/1
ICOTS 2018
“The demand for this “right” brain thinking is
increasing and in era of increased automation,
the need for the “art” of data science will be the
increasing cry of business.”
If data science is an art,
why don’t we teach it like
art?
ICOTS 2018
ICOTS 2018
ICOTS 2018
MUSIC THEORY ::
INSTRUMENT ::
COMPOSITION ::
THEORY
PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE
NARRATIVE
My experience of the
field
Theory
Theory
Programming
Language
We may find that the two bottlenecks are what you want
to do, and how you tell the computer to do that. A lot of
my existing work…has been more about how to make it
easier to express what you want.
Hadley Wickham
https://statr.me/2013/09/a-conversation-with-hadley-wickham/
Teach students tools that
allow for fluency
Programming
Language
Narrative
Narrative
My experience in tech
Product
Development
ICOTS 2018
ICOTS 2018
ICOTS 2018
ICOTS 2018
ICOTS 2018
ICOTS 2018
Design sprints for data science
Design as a Discipline
Design ability is, in fact, one of the three fundamental
dimensions of human intelligence. Design, science, and
art form an ‘and’ not an ‘or’ relationship to create the
incredible human cognitive ability.”
Nigel Cross
Design ability is often treated
as “mythical” and a “mysterious
talent”
https://leanpub.com/artofdatascience
“Data analysis is hard, and part of
the problem is that few people can
explain how to do it. It’s not that
there aren’t any people doing data
analysis on a regular basis. It’s that
the people who are really good at it
have yet to enlighten us about the
thought process that goes on in
their heads.”
Design process is
solution-focused, versus
problem-focused
You’ve told me everything NOT to do,
but how will I know what to do?
Anonymous Roger Peng student
Design is constructive thinking
-- you need to start building
solutions to understand the
problem fully
ICOTS 2018
Design process employs both
the left-brain and the
right-brain.
“The demand for this “right” brain thinking is
increasing and in era of increased automation,
the need for the “art” of data science will be the
increasing cry of business.”
Though the field did have a
“scientific design” movement in
the 60s, it has mostly moved
on from cookbook methods
Gosset to Pearson in 1905
From “Guinnessometrics: The Economic Foundation of “Student’s” t” by Stephen T.
Ziliak
Design is a form of non-verbal
rhetoric, with sketching as the
language
One thing that is clear is that sketches enable designers
to handle different levels of abstraction simultaneously…
Clearly this is something important in the design process.
We see that designers think about the overall concept and
at the same time think about detailed aspects of the
implementation of that concept.
Nigel Cross
http://r4ds.had.co.nz/explore-intro.html
Teaching Design
Teach design as a fundamental process
that is independent of theory
Borrow on design school curricula
Employ design methods such as design
sprints
The Role of Art?
What is success in Data
Science / Analysis?
A-HA
A data analysis is successful if the
audience to which it is presented
accepts the results.
Roger Peng
https://simplystatistics.org/2018/04/17/what-is-a-successful-data-analysis/
THE A-HA MOMENT
▸ Observable only from the first-person
perspective
THE A-HA MOMENT
▸ Observable only from the first-person
perspective
▸ Third person observers can only rely on
accounts
THE A-HA MOMENT
▸ Observable only from the first-person
perspective
▸ Third person observers can only rely on
accounts
▸ People are unreliable about communicating
their experiences
COMMON ADVICE
▸ “Think about your audience”
▸ “Build good partnerships”
▸ “Be a good communicator”
▸ …
Empathy
Empathy“the capacity to understand or feel what another
person is experiencing from within their frame of
reference, i.e., the capacity to place oneself in
another's position.”
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empathy
Design sprints (and other design processes)
People are most willing to share when they don’t
feel judged
Listening to and understanding stakeholders is a
key part of creating solutions for them
Design sprints (and other design processes)
Most have rules for “playing nice”
▸ Non-judgmental observation
▸ Ideas originate from stakeholder interviews
▸ Require listening to and validating other
people’s opinions
Cultivating empathy
My experience with Zen
Buddhism
ICOTS 2018
San Francisco
Zen Center
Zazen
Central practice of Zen Buddhism
Zazen
Central practice of Zen Buddhism
“Sitting meditation”
Zazen
Central practice of Zen Buddhism
“Sitting meditation”
Cultivating the ability to observe yourself
non-judgmentally, and with curiosity
Zazen
Central practice of Zen Buddhism
“Sitting meditation”
Cultivating the ability to observe yourself
non-judgmentally, and with curiosity
Acceptance practice
Zazen
Cultivate this acceptance with yourself, and it will
increase your capacity to observe, accept, and be
connected to others.
Empathy / “Art” in Data Science
Accepting the audience where they are right now -- their
educational context, their biases, their motivations
Empathy / “Art” in Data Science
Accepting the audience where they are right now -- their
educational context, their biases, their motivations
Accepting yourself where you are right now -- your biases,
your preferences, your blind spots
Empathy / “Art” in Data Science
Accepting the audience where they are right now -- their
educational context, their biases, their motivations
Accepting yourself where you are right now -- your biases,
your preferences, your blind spots
Employing modes of communication other than scientific
communication
In conclusion:
Data science includes all three forms of human
cognition: science, art, and design
Data science includes all three forms of human
cognition: science, art, and design
Design research can be leveraged for teaching
students the “how” of data science
Data science includes all three forms of human
cognition: science, art, and design
Design research can be leveraged for teaching
students the “how” of data science
The “art” of data science is the skilled use of
empathy, which can be cultivated
THANKS!
Appendix: Resources
Designerly Ways of Knowing / Design
Thinking (Nigel Cross)
Nigel Cross is one of the primary academics
working on “Design as a Discipline”. He is also a
superb writer, and writes about the field in a very
accessible way. I read Designerly Ways of Knowing,
however I am told that Design Thinking is very
similar content. Additionally, each chapter of
Designerly Ways of Knowing is an article, so it is
possible to get access to those without purchasing
the book.
Sprint (Jake Knapp)
This book outlines the design sprint process, and
has several case studies of sprints working (and not
working) at various startups. It’s an enjoyable quick
read that introduces one structured approach to
design thinking.
Designing Your Life (Bill Burnett and Dave
Evans)
This book is also taught as a very popular class
from the Stanford d.school. I found it extremely
helpful for establishing a “design mindset” in a
relatable way. Additionally, I think there is added
benefit to helping students view their academic /
work life in a non-judgmental way. I highly
recommend introducing this to students, even
though it is not related to statistics per se.
Articulating Design Decisions (Tom
Greever)
This book would be most helpful for students who
want to enter the tech industry, but would also be
helpful for everyone. It outlines the different
contexts and motivations that people in various
roles within the tech industry might have (e.g.
CEOs are very results-driven rather than
problem-driven). The applicability of this book to
data science underscores how conceptually similar
the fields of design and data science are.
The Art of Data Science (Roger Peng and
Elizabeth Matsui)
This book discusses the “how” of doing data
science, and includes several examples. Roger and
Elizabeth are great writers, and it is a fun and
accessible read!
Statistics as Principled Argument (Robert
Abelson)
This book approaches statistics in a “design
thinking” way. I don’t have as many comments as I
haven’t dug into it, but I am intrigued by people in
the field approaching statistics as rhetoric /
argument!
The Field Guide to Understanding Human
Error (Sidney Dekker)
I didn’t talk about Blameless Postmortems in this
talk, but have covered them in previous
presentations (one, two) and in the paper
“Opinionated Analysis Development”. Blameless
Postmortems present another structured,
non-judgmental paradigm shift for designing
processes (versus products). I find them extremely
useful for discussing statistical tools such as
programming language choices, and think they
would be another very valuable thing to teach to
introductory students.
Stitch Fix Data Science
Some folks on the Analytics & Algorithms team at
Stitch Fix created an interactive visualization of the
various ways that we use data science at the
company. Some teachers have found it helpful to
use Stitch Fix as an example of applied statistics in
a non-traditional field, and I have to say I’m quite
supportive of this! =)
10% Happier (Dan Harris)
This is a very accessible introduction to meditation
from a news anchor who came to it in a very
skeptical way. I found it be extremely relatable and
a great introduction to meditation and the various
communities (including the Zen Buddhist
community) who practice meditation.
San Francisco Zen Center
I live and practice with my partner at the San
Francisco Zen Center. They have a number of
online programs (including an “online zendo” --
practicing meditation in a group on a Zoom video
chat!). This is a great resource if you are interested
in Soto Zen Buddhist community and practice.

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ICOTS 2018

  • 1. CULTIVATING CREATIVITY IN DATA WORK HILARY PARKER
  • 6. You’ve told me everything NOT to do, but how will I know what to do? Anonymous Roger Peng student
  • 9. “Data Science is an art”
  • 10. https://leanpub.com/artofdatascience “Data analysis is hard, and part of the problem is that few people can explain how to do it. It’s not that there aren’t any people doing data analysis on a regular basis. It’s that the people who are really good at it have yet to enlighten us about the thought process that goes on in their heads.”
  • 14. “The demand for this “right” brain thinking is increasing and in era of increased automation, the need for the “art” of data science will be the increasing cry of business.”
  • 15. If data science is an art, why don’t we teach it like art?
  • 19. MUSIC THEORY :: INSTRUMENT :: COMPOSITION :: THEORY PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE NARRATIVE
  • 20. My experience of the field
  • 24. We may find that the two bottlenecks are what you want to do, and how you tell the computer to do that. A lot of my existing work…has been more about how to make it easier to express what you want. Hadley Wickham https://statr.me/2013/09/a-conversation-with-hadley-wickham/
  • 25. Teach students tools that allow for fluency
  • 37. Design sprints for data science
  • 38. Design as a Discipline
  • 39. Design ability is, in fact, one of the three fundamental dimensions of human intelligence. Design, science, and art form an ‘and’ not an ‘or’ relationship to create the incredible human cognitive ability.” Nigel Cross
  • 40. Design ability is often treated as “mythical” and a “mysterious talent”
  • 41. https://leanpub.com/artofdatascience “Data analysis is hard, and part of the problem is that few people can explain how to do it. It’s not that there aren’t any people doing data analysis on a regular basis. It’s that the people who are really good at it have yet to enlighten us about the thought process that goes on in their heads.”
  • 42. Design process is solution-focused, versus problem-focused
  • 43. You’ve told me everything NOT to do, but how will I know what to do? Anonymous Roger Peng student
  • 44. Design is constructive thinking -- you need to start building solutions to understand the problem fully
  • 46. Design process employs both the left-brain and the right-brain.
  • 47. “The demand for this “right” brain thinking is increasing and in era of increased automation, the need for the “art” of data science will be the increasing cry of business.”
  • 48. Though the field did have a “scientific design” movement in the 60s, it has mostly moved on from cookbook methods
  • 49. Gosset to Pearson in 1905 From “Guinnessometrics: The Economic Foundation of “Student’s” t” by Stephen T. Ziliak
  • 50. Design is a form of non-verbal rhetoric, with sketching as the language
  • 51. One thing that is clear is that sketches enable designers to handle different levels of abstraction simultaneously… Clearly this is something important in the design process. We see that designers think about the overall concept and at the same time think about detailed aspects of the implementation of that concept. Nigel Cross
  • 54. Teach design as a fundamental process that is independent of theory Borrow on design school curricula Employ design methods such as design sprints
  • 55. The Role of Art?
  • 56. What is success in Data Science / Analysis?
  • 57. A-HA
  • 58. A data analysis is successful if the audience to which it is presented accepts the results. Roger Peng https://simplystatistics.org/2018/04/17/what-is-a-successful-data-analysis/
  • 59. THE A-HA MOMENT ▸ Observable only from the first-person perspective
  • 60. THE A-HA MOMENT ▸ Observable only from the first-person perspective ▸ Third person observers can only rely on accounts
  • 61. THE A-HA MOMENT ▸ Observable only from the first-person perspective ▸ Third person observers can only rely on accounts ▸ People are unreliable about communicating their experiences
  • 62. COMMON ADVICE ▸ “Think about your audience” ▸ “Build good partnerships” ▸ “Be a good communicator” ▸ …
  • 64. Empathy“the capacity to understand or feel what another person is experiencing from within their frame of reference, i.e., the capacity to place oneself in another's position.” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empathy
  • 65. Design sprints (and other design processes) People are most willing to share when they don’t feel judged Listening to and understanding stakeholders is a key part of creating solutions for them
  • 66. Design sprints (and other design processes) Most have rules for “playing nice” ▸ Non-judgmental observation ▸ Ideas originate from stakeholder interviews ▸ Require listening to and validating other people’s opinions
  • 68. My experience with Zen Buddhism
  • 72. Zazen Central practice of Zen Buddhism “Sitting meditation”
  • 73. Zazen Central practice of Zen Buddhism “Sitting meditation” Cultivating the ability to observe yourself non-judgmentally, and with curiosity
  • 74. Zazen Central practice of Zen Buddhism “Sitting meditation” Cultivating the ability to observe yourself non-judgmentally, and with curiosity Acceptance practice
  • 75. Zazen Cultivate this acceptance with yourself, and it will increase your capacity to observe, accept, and be connected to others.
  • 76. Empathy / “Art” in Data Science Accepting the audience where they are right now -- their educational context, their biases, their motivations
  • 77. Empathy / “Art” in Data Science Accepting the audience where they are right now -- their educational context, their biases, their motivations Accepting yourself where you are right now -- your biases, your preferences, your blind spots
  • 78. Empathy / “Art” in Data Science Accepting the audience where they are right now -- their educational context, their biases, their motivations Accepting yourself where you are right now -- your biases, your preferences, your blind spots Employing modes of communication other than scientific communication
  • 80. Data science includes all three forms of human cognition: science, art, and design
  • 81. Data science includes all three forms of human cognition: science, art, and design Design research can be leveraged for teaching students the “how” of data science
  • 82. Data science includes all three forms of human cognition: science, art, and design Design research can be leveraged for teaching students the “how” of data science The “art” of data science is the skilled use of empathy, which can be cultivated
  • 85. Designerly Ways of Knowing / Design Thinking (Nigel Cross) Nigel Cross is one of the primary academics working on “Design as a Discipline”. He is also a superb writer, and writes about the field in a very accessible way. I read Designerly Ways of Knowing, however I am told that Design Thinking is very similar content. Additionally, each chapter of Designerly Ways of Knowing is an article, so it is possible to get access to those without purchasing the book.
  • 86. Sprint (Jake Knapp) This book outlines the design sprint process, and has several case studies of sprints working (and not working) at various startups. It’s an enjoyable quick read that introduces one structured approach to design thinking.
  • 87. Designing Your Life (Bill Burnett and Dave Evans) This book is also taught as a very popular class from the Stanford d.school. I found it extremely helpful for establishing a “design mindset” in a relatable way. Additionally, I think there is added benefit to helping students view their academic / work life in a non-judgmental way. I highly recommend introducing this to students, even though it is not related to statistics per se.
  • 88. Articulating Design Decisions (Tom Greever) This book would be most helpful for students who want to enter the tech industry, but would also be helpful for everyone. It outlines the different contexts and motivations that people in various roles within the tech industry might have (e.g. CEOs are very results-driven rather than problem-driven). The applicability of this book to data science underscores how conceptually similar the fields of design and data science are.
  • 89. The Art of Data Science (Roger Peng and Elizabeth Matsui) This book discusses the “how” of doing data science, and includes several examples. Roger and Elizabeth are great writers, and it is a fun and accessible read!
  • 90. Statistics as Principled Argument (Robert Abelson) This book approaches statistics in a “design thinking” way. I don’t have as many comments as I haven’t dug into it, but I am intrigued by people in the field approaching statistics as rhetoric / argument!
  • 91. The Field Guide to Understanding Human Error (Sidney Dekker) I didn’t talk about Blameless Postmortems in this talk, but have covered them in previous presentations (one, two) and in the paper “Opinionated Analysis Development”. Blameless Postmortems present another structured, non-judgmental paradigm shift for designing processes (versus products). I find them extremely useful for discussing statistical tools such as programming language choices, and think they would be another very valuable thing to teach to introductory students.
  • 92. Stitch Fix Data Science Some folks on the Analytics & Algorithms team at Stitch Fix created an interactive visualization of the various ways that we use data science at the company. Some teachers have found it helpful to use Stitch Fix as an example of applied statistics in a non-traditional field, and I have to say I’m quite supportive of this! =)
  • 93. 10% Happier (Dan Harris) This is a very accessible introduction to meditation from a news anchor who came to it in a very skeptical way. I found it be extremely relatable and a great introduction to meditation and the various communities (including the Zen Buddhist community) who practice meditation.
  • 94. San Francisco Zen Center I live and practice with my partner at the San Francisco Zen Center. They have a number of online programs (including an “online zendo” -- practicing meditation in a group on a Zoom video chat!). This is a great resource if you are interested in Soto Zen Buddhist community and practice.