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How memory works

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Memory involves encoding, storing, and retrieving information. Encoding transforms information into codes that create a memory trace stored in memory. There are two main types of memory stores - short term memory which can hold 7 items for up to 30 seconds, and long term memory which has unlimited duration and capacity. Baddeley's model of working memory includes a central executive supported by visual and verbal subsystems. Levels of processing theory holds that memories are stronger when information is more deeply processed. Memory is stored through synaptic changes in the brain, and retrieval involves processes like recall, recognition, and context dependence.

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MEMORY ‘’ When I was younger, I could remember anything, whether it had happened or not’’ Mark Twain
Definition of Memory ,[object Object]
Encoding ,[object Object]
Storage ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Retrieval ,[object Object]
The Multi-store Model of Memory In 1968 Atkinson & Shiffrin propose the classic three stage memory model
The case of H.M. (Blakemore 1988) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
two different memory stores ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
Baddeley’s model of working memory The contemporary model of working memory suggests an attentional control system, the central executive, that is supported by two subsystems, one visual, one verbal
Automatic or effortful processing? ,[object Object],[object Object]
Levels of processing ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Shallow…………..Deep ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Levels of processing
Implicit/explicit memory ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Implicit memory ,[object Object]
How are memories stored? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Synaptic changes and memory ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Retrieval ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Retrieval…. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Stress affects memory…

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How memory works

Notes de l'éditeur

  1. Cartoon of Tulving, a well known memory researcher. He believes that animals don’t have an episodic memory (memory of personal experience eg. Your birthday) so while they may know many things they do not remember past experiences the way we do
  2. Sometimes a certain smell takes you back to your childhood - eg. candy floss for me reminds me of the fair
  3. durations
  4. Epilepsy – tendency to have recurring seizures caused by a sudden burst of activity in the brain. Seizure – uncontrolled movements . Hippocampus – part of the brain that plays role in memory and spatial movement
  5. Central executive – directs your focus eg. Watch tv. The separate mental subsystems allow us to process images and words simultaneously
  6. Write on board - Dual store model (Atkinson and Shiffrin) suggests that the only way to learn new material and commit it to long term memory was via the short term store. It assumed that the longer an item was held in the Short term store more likely it was to go into LTM
  7. Semantic -
  8. Look at the idea of memory trace more for forgetting