In this Research Study, the Use of Super Absorbent Polymer (SAP) and Polyethylene glycol as Self curing agents in concrete is proven to have many positive effects on the properties of concrete in its both stages; Fresh and hardened concrete. The function of Self- curing agents is to reduce the water evaporation from concrete. The use of Self Curing admixtures is very important from the point of view that saving of water is a necessarily everyday (each one cubic metre of concrete requires 3m3 of water in construction, most of water consumed is for curing, Hence it is necessary to reduce the use of water in construction and save water). The Present research work focuses on use of Polyethylene glycol (PEG) and Super Absorbent Polymer (SAP) as self-curing agents, affect of Self Curing Concrete agents on Mechanical Characteristics Using Msand, and compared with those of conventionally cured concrete. In this Study 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.3% SAP and 1%, 1.5% and 2% PEG was varied for M25 grade of Concrete Mixes and Specimen. The experimental results show that, in general, the combined use of, 1.5%, 0.2% SAP in combination with Fly ash and Silica Fume as mineral admixture showed superior results in comparison to conventional curing method, enhancing the mechanical properties of SCC.

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International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Technology (IJARET)
Volume 12, Issue 12, December 2021, pp. 1-10, Article ID: IJARET_12_12_001
Available online at https://iaeme.com/Home/issue/IJARET?Volume=12&Issue=12
ISSN Print: 0976-6480 and ISSN Online: 0976-6499
DOI: https://doi.org/10.34218/IJARET.12.12.2021.001
© IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed
EFFECT OF SELF - CURING ON MECHANICAL
CHARACTERISTIC OF SELF-COMPACTING
CONCRETE USING PEG AND SAP
Sanjay Raj A1, Dr Shrishail .B Anadinni2, Dr Anand V Shivapur3
1
Assistant Professor, School of Civil Engineering, REVA University,
Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
2
Associate Dean School of Engineering, Presidency University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
3
Professor of Water and Land Management, Chairman, Department of Civil Engineering,
Visvesvaraya Technological University (VTU), Belagavi, Karnataka, India
ABSTRACT
In this Research Study, the Use of Super Absorbent Polymer (SAP) and Polyethylene
glycol as Self curing agents in concrete is proven to have many positive effects on the
properties of concrete in its both stages; Fresh and hardened concrete. The function of
Self- curing agents is to reduce the water evaporation from concrete. The use of Self
Curing admixtures is very important from the point of view that saving of water is a
necessarily everyday (each one cubic metre of concrete requires 3m3
of water in
construction, most of water consumed is for curing, Hence it is necessary to reduce the
use of water in construction and save water). The Present research work focuses on use
of Polyethylene glycol (PEG) and Super Absorbent Polymer (SAP) as self-curing
agents, affect of Self Curing Concrete agents on Mechanical Characteristics Using M-
sand, and compared with those of conventionally cured concrete. In this Study 0.1%,
0.2% and 0.3% SAP and 1%, 1.5% and 2% PEG was varied for M25 grade of Concrete
Mixes and Specimen. The experimental results show that, in general, the combined use
of, 1.5%, 0.2% SAP in combination with Fly ash and Silica Fume as mineral admixture
showed superior results in comparison to conventional curing method, enhancing the
mechanical properties of SCC.
Key words: Self- Compacting Concrete, Fresh Properties, Compressive Strength, Splite
Tensile strength.
Cite this Article: Sanjay Raj A, Shrishail .B Anadinni, Anand V Shivapur, Effect of Self -
Curing on Mechanical Characteristic of Self-Compacting Concrete using PEG and SAP,
International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Technology (IJARET).
12(12), 2021, pp. 1-10.
https://iaeme.com/Home/issue/IJARET?Volume=12&Issue=12

2. Effect of Self - Curing on Mechanical Characteristic of Self-Compacting Concrete using PEG and SAP
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1. INTRODUCTION
With Rapid, growth in urbanization and economic development emerges a huge scale of new
construction and due of construction of high-rise building and tall structures requires a large
amount of materials and durable concrete for filling the concrete in congested reinforcement
detailing. Scarcity in sources and environmental depletion arise a need to find methods for
ingredients of concrete for alternative sources and proper management of resources viz. natural
river sand and water. Meeting all the requirements it is important to produce cost effective
manner concrete using alternative sources. To address this issue present experimental research
work is taken up by using M-sand as full Replacement for river sand along with fly Ash and
Silica fume as Mineral admixture. Any laxity in curing will badly affect the strength and
durability of concrete. Concrete produced using alternative sources and Self-curing agents
concrete is will be one of the special concrete in minimizing effects of environmental issue,
human negligence, inaccessibility of structures in difficult terrains.
Self-compacting concrete (SCC) represents one of the greatest advance in concrete
technology during the last decade. Self-compacting concrete was first developed in Japan
around the year 1980 [1] [2]. The growing use of concrete in special architectural configurations
and closely spaced reinforcing bars have made it very important to produce concrete that
ensures proper filling ability, passing ability, segregation resistance, good structural
performance and adequate durability [3],[4]. The Use of Fly ash, blast furnace slag and silica
fume in SCC reduces the dosage of Superplasticiser needed to obtain similar slump flow
compared to concrete mixes made with only Portland cement. There are two major methods
available for internal curing of concrete [5-10]. The second method uses polyethylene glycol
(PEG) or SAP, which reduces the evaporation of water from the surface of concrete and helps
in water retention [9].
In this research work, explained SAP is able to absorb a significant amount of liquid from
its surroundings and will retain liquid with its structure without dissolving. SAP’s are further
added at rate of 0-0.3% weight percentage of cement.
2. EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAM
2.1. Materials
Portland Cement Equivalent to IS 8112:2013 53 grade with specific gravity of 3.15 and Fly Ash
and Silica Fume are used as binders in the present study. The normal weight fine aggregate was
natural river sand (with a fineness modulus of 3.06 and apparent specific gravity of 2.5), crushed
rock powder as Replacement to natural river sand (with a fineness modulus of 3.01and specific
gravity of 2.60) and coarse aggregate (with a maximum size of 12mm and apparent Specific
gravity of 2.67).
SAPs are a group of polymeric materials that have the ability to absorb a significant amount
of liquid from the surroundings (water uptake) through hydrogen bonding with the water
molecule and to retain the liquid within their structure without dissolving. SAPs can be
produced with water absorption of up to 5000 times their own weight. They can be produced
either by solution or suspension polymerization and the particle may be prepared in different
sizes and shapes including spherical particles. Because of their ionic nature and interconnected
structure, they can absorb large quantities of water without dissolving. The commercially
important SAPs are covalently cross-linked polyacrylates and copolymerized polyacrylamides/
polyacrylates. They are Acryl amide/acrylic acid copolymers. Maximum water absorption
capacity of SAP is 1500g/g, however commercial SAP used in construction Industry are of the
capacity of 50-300 g/g, broken by mixing and Filling with hydration products of small SAP, as

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large particles take more for uptake of water. Mechanism of SAP Swelling Particle water
absorption as shown in the Figure 1, 2& 3 respectively.
Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is a condensate polymer of water and ethylene a general
formula: H (OCH2CH2) n OH, where n is the average number of repeated oxyethylene groups
from about 4 to 180. The abbreviation (PEG) is coined in combination with a numeric suffix,
which represents the average molecular weights. A major feature of PEG is its water-soluble
nature. Polyethylene glycol is neutral, lubricating, non-toxic, odourless, non-volatile, non-
irritating, and used in various pharmaceutical industries.
2.2. Mix Proportion
Concrete mix Specimens were designed with a single effective water binder ratio for (cement
and Fly Ash) and (Cement and Silica Fume). All mixtures designed are tabulated in Table 1.
The Normal concrete and Normal Self Concrete without internal curing are designed as control
mixes, denoted by NC, SCC-FA and SCC- SF. For the concrete mixes, SCCSAP, SCCPEG,
which were internally, cured with SAP at varying dosage of 0.1% - 0.3%- PEG 1%, 1.5% and
2% using Fly ash and Silica Fume as mineral admixtures. All the internal Cured mixtures (SCC
SAP) are replaced with crushed at 100% replacement for natural river sand by performing initial
test. Mix Design for Conventional Concrete is as per IS10262: 2009 and SCC as per Nan-Su
method.
Figure 1 Cross – Linked Polyelectrolyte’s Figure 2 Mechanism of SAP Swelling
(Source- Built Expression)
Figure 3 Super Absorbent Polymers- before Water Absorption and after Water Absorption

4. Effect of Self - Curing on Mechanical Characteristic of Self-Compacting Concrete using PEG and SAP
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Table 1 Mix Proportions For M-25 Grade Using Fly Ash, Silica Fume Using Self-Curing Agents
Mix
Design-
Using
Mineral
Admixtu
re
Quantities in
Kg/m3
NC
with
Conven
tional
Curing
Self
Curing
Concret
e with
Conven
tional
Curing
(N-SCC
Using PEG for
Various dosages
Using SAP for various
dosages
1% 1.5% 3% 0.1% 0.2% 0.3%
M-25
Grade
Using
FA
Cement 315 361 361 361 361 361 361 361
Fine Aggregate
(M-Sand)
958 846 846 846 846 846 846 846
Coarse
Aggregate
1016 956 709 709 709 709 709 709
Fly Ash 0 112 112 112 112 112 112 112
Water 157 236 236 236 236 236 236 236
M-25
Grade
Using
SF
Cement 315 361 361 361 361 361 361 361
Fine Aggregate
M-Sand)
958 846 846 846 846 846 846 846
Coarse
Aggregate
1016 709 709 709 709 709 709 709
Silica Fume 0 116 116 116 116 116 116 116
Water 157 239 239 239 239 239 239 239
2.3. Workability and Mechanical Characteristics
a. Slump Flow Test, T50 Slump etc., test were performed immediately after mixing concrete
mixes for both SCC control Specimens and Internal Cured Specimens to examine the
workability parameters as per EFNARC standards.
b. Compressive Strength and Splite Tensile Strength
Cubes Specimen of Size 150mm X 150mm and cylinder of size 150mm diameter and 300mm
length for both conventional and self cured Specimens were casted Strength are examined at
for 7, 28 days and 56 days at ambient temperature. Conventional Normal and SCC cured with
traditional external curing method and mix specimens with SAP and PEG cured in air at
ambient temperature in order to investigate the pure effect of self-curing agents as internal
curing.
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS.
3.1. Fresh Properties of SCC
Workability characteristics describe the Flow-ability, pass-ability of a fresh concrete in
unconfined conditions. It is a sensitive test that normally be specified for all SCC, as the primary
check that the fresh concrete meets the specifications. The guidelines from EFNARC explained
on the usage for suitable location based on Slump Test and other Tests. Typical fresh concrete
characteristics for SCC as per EFNARC as tabulated in Table 2 for Specimens with or without
self-curing agents.
It is evident from the Test Results for control mixes and mix specimens with PEG and SAP
as Self-curing agents are in conformity with EFNARC. Mix Specimens with SAP higher
percentages dosage of Superplasticiser, this is due to more amount of internal water absorbed
by SAP. Use of PEG and SAP as Self Curing agents enhanced the slump for 2 – 57% compared

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to conventional SCC concrete mix specimens. The Results indicate that PEG and SAP self-
curing admixture also act as a workability enhancer.
Table 2 Fresh Properties for M-25 Grade Using Fly Ash, Silica Fume using Self-Curing Agents
Mix
Proportion- M-25
Slump
flow
(mm)
J-ring
(mm)
V- funnel
(sec)
T50
(sec)
L-box
(h2/h1)
U-box
(h2-h1)
% of
Super
Plastici
zer
Acceptance Criteria for
SCC s per EFNARC
650-800 0-10 6-12 2-5 0.8-1 0-30
Conventional
Concrete mix
Specimens
NC-SCC- SF 660 9 8 3 0.81 16 0.6
NC-SCC- FA 685 7 9 2 0.8 17 0.6
Self -Compacting
With Peg- and SAP
Aggregate Using
Silica Fume
SCCPEG-1%-SF 688 7 8 2 0.82 17 0.5
SCCPEG-1.5%-SF 660 8 9 3 0.81 19 0.6
SCCPEG-2%-SF 670 6 7 2 0.83 20 0.7
SCCSAP-0.1%-SF 684 5 12 4 0.82 16 0.7
SCCSAP-0.2%-SF 685 8 8 4 0.82 18 1
SCCSAP-0.3%-SF 685 5 12 4 0.84 18 1
Self -Compacting
With Peg- and SAP
Aggregate Using Fly
Ash
SCCPEG-1%-FA 678 7 8 3 0.82 18 0.7
SCCPEG-1.5%-FA 698 8 9 2 0.81 15 0.7
SCCPEG-2%-FA 678 7 7 2 0.80 16 0.7
SCCSAP-0.1%-FA 695 6 11 5 0.81 16 0.9
SCCSAP-0.2%-FA 697 8 12 5 0.85 16 1
SCCSAP-0.3%-FA 685 8 12 5 0.82 16 1
3.2. Hardened SCC Properties
The properties of hardened concrete such as compressive strength, split tensile strength
tabulated in Table.4. From the hardened concrete test results, we noticed that the addition PEG
1.5% and SAP up to 0.2% showed significant results. In Comparison to PEG and SAP, SAP
showed significant results.
Figure 4 Slump Flow for M-25 grade Concrete Using Fly Ash and Silica Fume as per EFNARC
660 685 688 660 670 684 685 685 678 698 678 695 697 685
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
Slump
Flow
in
mm
Mix Proportions- M25 grade Using Fly Ash and Silica Fume

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Figure 5 Dosage of Super Plasticiser for various Mix Specimens of M-25 grade Concrete Using Fly
Ash and Silica Fume as per EFNARC
Table 3 Hardened Properties For M-25 Grade Using Fly Ash, Silica Fume Using Self-Curing Agents.
Mineral
Admixture
for SCC
Title of
Test
Days for
the Test in
Days
NCC NSCC Using PEG Using SAP
PEG
1%
PEG
1.5%
PEG
2%
SAP
0.1%
SAP
0.2%
SAP
0.3%
Using Fly
Ash
Compres
sive
Strength
– N/mm2
7 Days 16.2 16.67 16.05 16.3 16.4 16.5 17.4 16.7
28 Days 30.18 32.8 32.86 32.8 33.1 33.8 34.2 32.6
56 Days 34.8 35.8 37.4 37.8 34.3 33.5 37.8 35.6
Splite
Tensile
Strength-
N/mm2
7 Days 1.65 1.7 1.72 1.7 1.72 1.72 1.8 1.7
28 Days 3.1 3.2 3.32 3.2 3.35 3.35 3.4 3.3
56 Days 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.5
Using
Silica
Fume
Compres
sive
Strength
– N/mm2
7 Days 16.2 17.1 16.01 17.57 17.68 18.1 19.2 17.56
28 Days 30.18 32.1 32.43 33.55 33.41 34.1 34.2 33.3
56 Days 34.8 34.5 38.1 38.35 36.82 35.6 38.8 35.8
Splite
Tensile
Strength-
N/mm2
7 Days 1.6 1.71 1.6 1.8 1.82 1.8 1.95 1.8
28 Days 3.1 3.2 3.25 3.4 3.3 3.5 3.6 3.3
56 Days 3.6 3.54 3.8 3.9 3.7 3.6 3.9 3.6
Figure 6 Compressive Strength Graph for M-25 grade Concrete Using Fly Ash at Various Ages
0
10
20
30
40
7 Days
28 Days
56 Days
17.4
34.2 37.8
Compressive
Strength
in
N/mm2
M-25 Grade Concrete Using Fly ASh at Different Curing Days
Compressive Strength
NCC
NSCC
PEG 1%
PEG 1.5%
PEG 2%
SAP 0.1%
SAP 0.2%
SAP 0.3%
0.6 0.6
0.5
0.6
0.7 0.7
1 1
0.7 0.7 0.7
0.9
1 1
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
%
of
Super
Plasticizer
Dosage
Mix Proportions- M25 grade Using Fly Ash and Silica Fume

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Figure 7 Splite Tensile Strength Graph for M-25 grade Concrete Using Fly Ash.
Figure 8 Compressive Strength for M-25 grade Concrete Using Silica Fume
Figure 9 Compressive Strength for M-25 grade Concrete Using Fly Ash and Silica Fume
0
1
2
3
4
5
7 Days
28 Days
56 Days
1.8
3.58 3.8
Splite
Tensile
Strength
in
N/mm2
M-25 Grade Concrete Using Fly Ash at Different curing Days
Splite Tensile Strength
NCC
NSCC
PEG 1%
PEG 1.5%
PEG 2%
SAP 0.1%
SAP 0.2%
SAP 0.3%
0
10
20
30
40
7 Days
28 Days
56 Days
19.2
35.2 38.8
Compressive
Strength
in
N/mm2
M-25 Grade Concrete Using Silica fume at different curing Days
Compressive Strength
NCC
NSCC
PEG 1%
PEG 1.5%
PEG 2%
SAP 0.1%
SAP 0.2%
SAP 0.3%
25
30
35
40
NCC NSCC PEG
1%
PEG
1.5%
PEG
2%
SAP
0.1%
SAP
0.2%
SAP
0.3%
30.18
33.1 32.8633.5533.41 34.1 35.2
33.3
Compressive
Strength
in
N/mm2
M-25 Grade Concrete Using Silica fume and Fly Ash at 28 days
Compressive Strength
Using Fly
Ash
Using Silica
Fume

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3.3. Results of the Compressive Strength Test
A comparison between NC, Conventional SCC and Self Cured Self Compacting Concrete
Specimens under ambient temperature was studied to investigate the performance of PEG and
SAP as Self Curing agents
3.3.1. Effect of PEG on Compressive Strength of Concrete
The inclusion of the Self Curing agent’s admixture has resulted in an increase in compressive
strength at all days. From Table 3 Self-Cured mixes Exhibited, higher strength compared to
Normal Conventional Concrete by 1% for 7 days for mixes using Fly ash and 8-9% greater
using silica fume. At 28 days and 56 days, same trend of exhibit strength was observed to be 9-
10% increase in strength using Fly ash and 9-11% using Silica fume in comparison to Normal
Conventional Concrete. Also From Table 3Self Cured mixes Exhibited, higher strength
compared to Normal Self compacting Concrete by nearly 1% for 7 days for mixes using Fly
ash and 3% % greater using silica fume. At 28 days 1% and 56 days, 2-6% increase in strength
observed and 4-5% for 28 days and 7-11% using Silica fume in comparison to Normal Self
compacting Concrete.
3.3.2. Effect of SAP on Compressive Strength of Concrete
The inclusion of the SAP as Self Curing agent’s admixture has resulted in an increase in
compressive strength at all days. From Table 3 Self Cured mixes Exhibited, higher strength
compared to Normal Conventional Concrete by 3-7% percentage for 7 days for mixes using Fly
ash and 8-19% greater using silica fume. At 28 days 9-13% and 3-9% at 56 days, same increase
in strength using Fly ash and 10-17% at 28 days and 3-11% at 56 days using Silica, fume in
comparison to Normal Conventional Concrete. Self Cured mixes Exhibited, higher strength
compared to Normal Self compacting Concrete by nearly 1-4% for 7 days for mixes using Fly
ash and 3-12% greater using silica fume. At 28 days 3-4% Using Fly ash and 3-12% using Silica
Fume and 56 days, 2-6% increase in strength observed using Fly ash and 3-12% using Silica
fume in comparison to Normal Self compacting Concrete.
Figure 10 Compressive Strength for M-25 grade Concrete Using Fly Ash and Silica Fume
26
28
30
32
34
36
NCC NSCC PEG
1%
PEG
1.5%
PEG
2%
SAP
0.1%
SAP
0.2%
SAP
0.3%
30.18
32.8 32.43 32.8 33.1
33.8 34.2
32.8
30.18
33.1 32.86 33.5533.41
34.1
35.2
33.3
Compressive
Strength
in
N/mm2
M-25 Grade Concrete Using Silica fume and Fly Ash at 28 days
Compressive Strength
Using
Fly Ash
Using
Silica
Fume

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3.3.3. Effect of PEG on Splite Tensile Strength of Concrete
The inclusion of the PEG Self Curing agent’s admixture has resulted in an increase in Splite
Tensile strength at all days. From Table 3 Self Cured mixes Exhibited, higher strength
compared to Normal Conventional Concrete by 3-4% for 7 days for mixes using Fly ash and
13% greater using silica fume. At 28 days and 56 days, same trend strength was observed 3-7%
Using Fly ash and 10% greater using silica fume and at 56 days up to 8% using Fly ash and
Silica Fume respectively in comparison to Normal Conventional Concrete. Self Cured mixes
Exhibited, higher strength compared to Normal Self compacting Concrete by nearly 1% for 7
days for mixes using Fly ash and 3% greater using silica fume. At 28 days Up to 4-5%%
Increase in strength and at 56 days, 3% increase in strength Using Fly Ash and 10% using Silica
fume respectively, in comparison to Normal Self compacting Concrete
3.3.4. Effect of SAP on Splite Tensile Strength of Concrete
The inclusion of the SAP as Self Curing agent’s admixture has resulted in an increase in
compressive strength at all days. From Table 3 Self Cured mixes Exhibited, higher strength
compared to Normal Conventional Concrete by 2-7% percentage for 7 days for mixes using Fly
ash and 6-12% greater using silica fume. At 28 days 9-13% and 3-9% at 56 days, same increase
in strength using Fly ash and 10-17% at 28 days and 3-11% at 56 days using Silica, fume in
comparison to Normal Conventional Concrete. Self Cured mixes Exhibited, higher strength
compared to Normal Self compacting Concrete by nearly 3-4% for 7 days for mixes using Fly
ash and 6-12% greater using silica fume. At 28 days 8-16% % Using Fly ash and using Silica
Fume and 56 days, 3-9% increase in strength observed using Fly ash and Silica fume
respectively in comparison to Normal Self compacting Concrete.
Several Investigators [11-13] found that Self-Curing compounds reduce water evaporation
from concrete compared with conventional concrete leading to enhanced hydration and
improved compressive strength. The mixes employed in these reports where prepared at
laboratory conditions. Therefore, the results of Current investigations are in line in previous
Reports.
4. CONCLUSIONS
In This Research, a series of experiments were conducted, to investigate the behaviour of Self
Cured self-compacting concrete with PEG 400 and SAP cast and cured at ambient temperature,
in comparison with Normal Conventional Concrete (NC) and Normal Self Compacting
Concrete (NSCC). Based on experimental results presented, the following conclusions are
drawn.
• The Inclusion of PEG 400 and SAP as Self Curing Agents resulted in an increase in
workability of the fresh concrete and all the self-cured mix specimens satisfied the
EFNARC standards for Self-compacting Concrete.
• The mechanical properties for the concrete specimens made Using Fly ash were inferior
to those mix specimens using Silica Fume.
• The mechanical properties for the concrete specimens made Using PEG Fly ash and
Silica fume as mineral admixture were inferior to those mix specimens using SAP
• Optimum Strength was observed to be at 1.5% PEG and 0.2% SAP in all Mix specimens
in comparison to NC and NSCC
• PEG 400 and SAP as self- Curing admixture over comes the difficulties, associated with
concrete production in hot weather. Where evaporation of water is more using, self-
admixtures retain water, in some aired regions.

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