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2. SEMINAR DIVISION
INTRODUCTION HISTORY APPLIANCE SPECIFICATION
BRACKET POSITIONING AND CASE SET UP
ANCHOR CONTROL DURING LEVELLING AND ALIGNMENT
ARCH LEVELLING AND OVERBITE CONTROL
SPACE CLOSURE PRICEDURE
OVERVIEW OF CLASS II TREATMENT MECHANICS
OVERVIEW OF CLASS II TEATMENT MECHANICS AND NON
EXTRACTION TREATMENT
FINISHING AND DETAILING , APPLIANCE REMOVAL, AND
RETENTION PROTOCOL
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3. HISTORY AND OVERVIEW OF TREATMENT MECHANICS
APPLIANCE SPECIFICATION – VARITION AND VERSATILITY
ARCH FORM
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4. INTRODUCTION
•ANDREWS PUBLISHED HIS LAND MARK ARTICLE IN 1972
AND SUBSEQUENTLY DESIGNED AN APPLIANCE BASED ON
HIS FINDINGS.
•HOWEVER , SOON AFTER THE INTRODUCTION OF PEA , IT
BECAME CLEAR THAT THE BRACKET REQUIRED A WHOLE
NEW PROGRAM OF TREATMENT MECHANICS AND FORCE
LEVELS TO FULLY REALIZE ITS POTENTIAL .
•APPLIANCE DESIGN AND TREATMENT MECHANICS ARE
CLOSELY INTERRELATED . TO SOME EXTENT ,BRACKET
DESIGN CAN BE SCIENTIFIC AND BASED ON RESEARCH, SO
IT CAN BRE PRODUCED IN MATTER OF MONTHS .
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5. BUT DEVOLPMENT OF TREATMENT MECHANICS TAKES
YEARS AND HAVE TO BASED ON EXPERIENCE WITH
NUMEROUS TREATED CASES .
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7. THE WORK OF ANDREWS
ANDREWS IS REGARDED AS FATHER OF PEA SYSTEM
WHEN ORIGINAL SWA BECAME AVAILALABLE IN 1972 , IT
WAS BASED ON SCIENCE BUT INCLUDED MANY FEATURES
OF SIAMESE EDGEWISE BRACKETS .
ALTHOUGH SWA WAS RADICALLY NEW , TRADITIONAL
HEAVY FORCES CONTINUED TO BE USED .
NO ANCHORAGE CONTROL MEASURES .THIS MAY HAVE
BEEN DUE ANDREWS CLINICAL EXPERIENCE AS AN
EDGEWISE ORTHODONTIST.
HE ALSO EEMPHASISZED WAGON WHEEL EFFECT WHERE
TIP IS LOST DUE TO ADDITION OF TORGUE . HENC HE
CHOSE TO ADD TIP TO ANTERIOR BRACKETS.
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8. THE BRACKET POSITIONING WAS BASED ON CENTRE OF
CLINICAL CROWN
BECAUSE LESS WIRE BENDING WAS NEEDED , THERE WAS A
TREND TO STANDARDIZE ARCH FORM ,
ROTH RECOMMENDED BROAD OR SQUARE ARCH FORM
ANDREWS CONTINUED TO USE BASAL BONE OF MANDIBLE
AS AN ARCH FORM REFERENCE
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10. DIFFICULTIES WITH INCREASED TIP AND HEAVY FORCES
RESULTED IN LATERAL OPEN BITE THIS BECAME TO
KNOWN AS ROLLER COASTER EFFECT.
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12. THESE EXPERIENCE LED ANDREWS TO INTRODUCE A
SERIES OF MODIFICATIONS
FOE EXTRACTION CASES ,CANNINE BRACKET
ANTI TIP ,ANTI ROTATION AND POWER ARM
DIFFERENT INCISOR BRACKET FOR VARING DEGREE OF
TORQUE
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14. THE WORK OF ROTH
FOLLOWING HIS EXPERIENCE WITH ORIGINAL SWA . ROTH
INTRODUCED MEASURES TO OVERCOME DAY TO DAY
SHORTCOMINGS .
ROTH WAS AXIOUS TO AVOID THE INVENTORY
DIFFICULTIES OF A MULTILE BRACKET SYSTEM . HE
THEREFORE RECOMMENDED A SINGLE APPLIANCE SYSTEM
WHICH WILL MANAGE BOTH EXTRACTION AND NON
EXTRACTION CASES .
HE EMPHASIZED THE USE OF ARTICULATORS FOR
DIAGNOSTIC RECORDS , FOR EARLY SPLINT CONTRUCTION
AND USE OF GNATHALOGICAL POSITIONERS
TO GET CORRECT CONDYLE POSITION.www.indiandentalacademy.com
16. THE WORK OF MCLAUGLIN AND BENNETT BETWEEN
1975 AND 1993.
THEY WORKED MAINLY WITH STANDARD SWA
INSTEAD OF INTIALLY MODIFYING THE BASIC BRACKET
DESIGN , FOR MORE THAN 15 YEARS THEY DEVOLPED AND
REFINED TREATMENT MECHANICS BASED ON SLIDING
MECHANICS AND CONTIOUS LIGHT FORCES .
THESE MECHANIS WERE PUBLISHED INTIALLY AS SERIERS
OF PAPERS IN EARLY 1990 AND THEN AS A BOOK IN 1993.
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17. FIG 1.10
ALSO LACE BACKS ANDBENDBACKS FOR EARLY
ANCHORAGE CONTROL
SLIDING MECHANICS ON .019 X .025 STEEL RECTANGULAR
WIRES , WITH LIGHT .014 FINISHING WIRES.
UNLIKE ANDREWS NON EXTRACTION CASES , MANY
PATIENTS WERE CHILDREN
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18. •THE WORK OF MCLAUGHLIN ,BENNETT,AND TREVISI
B 1993 AND 1997
•MCLAUGHLIN AND BENNETT THEN WORKED WITH
TREVISI TO RE DESIGN THE ENTIRE BRACKET SYSTEM TO
COMPLEMENT THEIR PROVEN PHILOSPHY.
•THEY RE-EXAMINED ANDREWS ORIGINAL FINDINGS
AND TOOK INTO ACCOUNT RESEARCH INPUT FROM
JAPENESE SOURCES WHEN DESIGNING MBT BRACKET
SYSTEM.
•THIS IS THIRD GENERATION BRACKET SYSTEM , IT IS A
PEA SPECIFICALLY FOR USE WITH LIGHT ,CONTINOUS
FORCES, LACEBACKS AND BENDBACKS AND IT WAS
DESIGNED TO WORK IDEALLY WITH SLIDING MECHANICS
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19. ADDITIONAL ANTERIOR TIP WAS A DISADVANTAGE
IN ROTH AND SWA :
• IT CREATED A SIGNIFICANT DRAIN ON ANTERIO
POSTERIOR ANCHORAGE
• IT INCREASED THE TENDANCY TO BITE DEEPENING
DURING ALIGMENT STAGE
•IT BROUGHT THE UPPER CANINE ROOT APEX TOO CLOSE
TO FIRST PREMOLAR IN SOME CASES.
• AS LIGHTER FORCES WERE BEING USED IN ALL STAGES OF
TREATMENT THIS ANTI TIP OR SECOND ORDER
COMPENSATION WASNOT NEEDED IN MBT SYSTEM
•A TOTAL OF 10 DEG LESS DISTAL ROOT TIP IN UPPER ANT
SEGMENT AND 12 DEG LESS TIP IN LOWER ANT SEGMENTIS
NEEDED. www.indiandentalacademy.com
21. THE PEA SYSTEM IS A DEVOLPMENT OF EDGEWISE
BRACKET WHICH IS RELATIVELY IN EFFIENCENT IN
DELIVERING TORGUE.
SO IN MBT SYSTEM IT WAS NESSCARY TO BUILD EXTRA
TORQUE IN INCISOR AND MOLAR REGION .
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22. UPPER CANINE BRACKET WOULD BE AVAILABLE WITH 7, 0
-7 DEG FOR LOWER CANINE 6, 0 AND –6 DEG .
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24. THE WORK OF MCLAUGHLIN ,BENNETT,AND TREVISI
BETWEEN 1997 AND 2001
IT BECAME NESSCARY TO ADDRESS THE SUBJECTS OF
ARCH WIRE SELECTION AND FORCE LEVELS
ALTHOUGH AN OVOID ARCH FORM HAD PROVED USEFUL
IN THE EARLY YEARS THREE BASIC ARCH FORM TAPERED ,
SQUARE AND OVOID WOULD BE USE.
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25. OVERVIEW OF MBT TREATMENT PHILOSPHY
•BRACKET SELECTION
•VERSATILITY OF BRACKET SYSTEM
• ACCURACY OF BRACKET POSITIONING
• LIGHT CONTINOUS FORCES
• THE .022 VERSUS .018
•ANCHORAGE CONTROL EARLY IN TREATMENT
• GROUP MOVEMENT
•THE USE OF THREE ARCH FORMS
• ONE SIZE OF RECTANGULAR STEEL WIRE
• ARCHWIRE LIGATION
• AWARENESS OF TOOTH SIZE DISCREPANCIES
• PERSISTENCE IN FINISHING
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26. BRACKET SELECTION
STANDARD METAL , MID SIZED AND CLEAR BRACKET
VERSATILITY OF BRACKET SYSTEM
TO CONTROL INVENTORY COSTS AND AVOIDING NEEDLESS
WIRE BENDING.
ACCURACY OF BRACKET POSITINING
GAUGES AND INDIVIDUAL BRACKET REPOSITION CHARTS
ARE RECOMMENDED.
LIGHT CONTINOUS FORCES
NO CLEAR DEFINATION AND QUANTIFICATION .
USE OF ACTIVE TIE BACKS , AND .014 FINISHING WIRES.
.022 VS .018 SLOT
.022 IS BETTER AS ALLOWS MORE FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT
OF WIRES WITH SLIDING MECHANICS.www.indiandentalacademy.com
27. A
A
A
A
ANCHORAGE CONTROL EARLY IN TREATMENT
REDUCED TIP , LIGHT WIRE FORCES.
LACEBACKS AND BENDBACKS
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28. GROUP MOVEMENT
CROWDING IS RESOLVED AND THEN ANTERIOR SEGMENT
MOVED AS ENMASSE AS GROUP OF SIX OR EIGHT ANTERIOR
TEETH
THE USE OF THREE ARCH FORMS
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29. ONE SIZE OF RECTANGULAR STEEL WIRE
.019X.025
THEORETICALLY , THERE IS APPROX 10 DEG OF SLOP , BUT
CLINICALLY WIRE PERFORMS BETTER DUE TO THE
RESIDUAL TIP IN WIRE
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35. TORQUE IN BASE THE COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN
FULL SIZE AND CLEAR TORQUE IN BASE
MID SIZE TORQUE IN FACE AND IN BASE COMBINATION
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36. IN OUT SPECIFICATION
UPPER SECOND PREMOLARS HAVE SMALL CROWNS
A BRACKET WHICH IS 0.5mm THICK
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45. THE VERSATILITY OF BRACKET SYSTEM
SEVEN MAIN VERSATILITY FEATURES
• OPTIONS FOR PALATALLY DISPLACED LATERAL INCISOR
•THREE TORQUE OPTIONS FOR UPPPER CANINE
• THREE TORQUE OPTIONS FOR LOWER CANINE
• INTERCHANGEABLE LOWER INCISOR BRACKETS
• INTERCHANGEBLE UPPER PREMOLAR BRACKET
• USE OF UPPER SECOND MOLAR TUBES ON FIRST MOLAR IN
NON HG CASES
• USE OF LOWER SECOND MOLAR TUBES FOR UPPER FIRST
AND SECOND MOLARS OF OPPOSITE SIDE
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52. INTRODUCTION
DURING STD EDGEWISE MOST ORTHODONTIST CUSTAMIZED
ARCH FORM
WHEN PEA BECAMEAVAILABLE THERE WAS ASSUMPTIOBN
THAT ONE ARCHFORM WAS APPORPIATE FOR FOR ALL
PATIENTS
RELAPSE TENDANCY
RIEDEL POSTULATED THE ARCH FORM PARTICULARLY IN
MANDIBULAR CANNOT BE ALTERED DURING APPLIANCE
THERAPY
1995 DE LA CRUZ et al CONCLUDE THAT GREATER THE
TREATMENT CHANGE GREATER THE TENDANCY TOWARDS
RELAPSE
1998 BURKE et al CONCLUDED THAT MANDIBULAR
INTERCANINE WIDTH CANNOT BE CHANGED
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55. TAPERED ARCH FORM
NARROW INTER CANINE WIDTH
SQUARE ARCH FORM
WITH BROAD ARCH FORM
IN CASES WITH RME
OVOID ARCH FORM
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56. SYSTEMETIZED MANAGEMENT OF ARCH FORMS
STANDARDIZE VERSUS CUSTOMIZED ARCH FORM
ITS NOT PRACTICAL TO CUSTOMIZE WIRE FOR EACH
PATIENT
ARCH FORM CONTROL WITH RECTANGULAR HANT WIRE
CUSTOMIZING STEEL RECTANGULAR WIRE DETERMINNG
THE IAF FOR EACH PATIENT
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57. MODIFICATIONS TO ARCH FORM AND ARCHWIRE
COORDINATION
DUE TO POSTERIOR TORQUE CONSIDERATION
MAXILLARY EXPANSION
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58. UPPER ARCH EXPANSION WITH ARCH WIRES
UPPER ARCH EXPANSION WITH JOCKEY WIRES
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59. ARCH FORM DURING FINISHING AND DETAILING THE
NEED FOR SETTLING
THE PATIENTS SHOULD NOT PROGRESS DIRECTLY FROM
RECTANGULAR WIRES TO RETAINERS
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