How obedient digital twins and intelligent beings contribute to ethics and explain-ability, presentation by Paul Valckenaers, Senior Researcher at UCLL at the Trustworthy and Ethical AI conference on Feb. 13th
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Paul Valckenaers explains how intelligence is added to a corresponding reality without introducing limitations into a world-of-interest. The outcome is obedience: a conflict with an obedient digital twin is a conflict with its real-world counterpart. Illustrated by healthcare examples.
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How obedient digital twins and intelligent beings contribute to ethics and explain-ability, presentation by Paul Valckenaers, Senior Researcher at UCLL at the Trustworthy and Ethical AI conference on Feb. 13th
- 1. Obedient digital twins Obedient digital twins and intelligent beings contribute to ethics and explain-ability Paul Valckenaers UCLL – University Colleges Leuven Limburg
- 2. Ethics in IT & AI – in the eyes of a non-expert • Bureaucratic, legalistic… • Reduced service when denying access not transparent • Legal action What are the other options? • Time, attention… are precious and in limited supply • Nudging extremely effective manner to change nothing • more is needed • ! By design ! • Technical enforcement (IT takes care) • Technical facilitation of enforcement (Certification, auditing…) • Technical facilitation of community support (Templates, monitoring…) • OBEDIENT DIGITAL TWINS
- 3. Obedient + Twin Ethics • Digital Twins • Mirror (what is considered relevant in a) corresponding reality • Stick to facts and do not judge, prefer… • Oldest examples include maps • The opposite of e.g. “A.I. to decide whether a salesperson will …” • Obedient • Don’t add constraints to the world-of-interest • Don’t impose non-existing limitations • While providing intelligence • First a layer that circumvents tricky ethical issues
- 4. Overview • Digital twin and bounded rationality • Digital twins for smart energy – simple example • Digital twins for healthcare – ethics example • Digital twins – Data protection & ownership • Natural match + obedient • Divide & conquer – across specialized services
- 5. Bounded rationality & science of the artificial • Humans have finite info processing and communication capacities • E.g. Mythical man month, success of market economies… • Nobel Prize winner Herbert Simon • Scientific laws for human-created artifacts (analogy: Carnot’s Principles) • Conditions for scientific laws to be applicable (analogy: Speed of light) • Simon: Aggregation hierarchies that emerge and adapt over time • Santa Fé Institute: Autocatalytic sets (e.g. increasing returns, VHS) • Design for the unexpected (i.e. design for integrate-ability) • Components must be suitable for creating and adapting Simon’s aggregates • But we cannot know what the requirements will be
- 6. Designing without knowing the requirements • Artificial Intelligence Human-like problem solving • Human-like conflicts • Unsolvable when inertia (i.e. lock-in caused by …) • Degraded performance, severe compromising, … • Software is savant – Artificial Narrow Intelligence !!! • NP-hard P • Don’t care choices (e.g. left or right) • Prevailing conditions • Expected future(s) • Not future-proof, scalable… • We need to design and develop for the unexpected
- 7. First, IT services for the unexpected, next… • Only the Creator (Pan?) enjoys unbounded rationality • Reality is coherent and consistent • Quantum level: uncommitted until … advanced coherence? • But the Creator does not listen to your customer! • Obedient Digital Twins inherit this coherency and consistency • Obedient digital twins keep the Creator in their design team • Exclusively services that do not rely on expectations, arbitrariness… • E.g. Google Maps • Conflicts with a map, upgrading & updating, resolution overkill for a penny…
- 8. Digital twins for smart energy - architecture
- 9. Digital twins for energy – A.I. choreography • Resource type twins • Pipe • Pump • Fluid !!! • A.I. experts • Resource instance twins • Embodied, situated A.I. • Know their neighbors… • Activity type twins • Prevent overheating • Defect detection… • A.I. service providers • Activity instance twins • A.I. managers • Cooperate with Decision Making entities
- 10. Digital twin – smart energy
- 11. Digital twin – smart energy
- 12. Digital twin – smart energy Advanced Creator contribution
- 13. Digital twin – Health – Human body twins • Resources • Kidney • Liver • Heart • Lungs • Blood • Consciousness? • Activities • Medication scheme • Food intake • Physical activities • …
- 14. Digital twin – Health – Complex disease • Resources • Kidney • Liver • Heart • Blood • … • Activities • Medication schemes • Treatments schedules • … • Triage • OK, Not OK, Ask GP, GoTo Committee, …
- 15. Digital twin – Health – Integrated Care • Resources • Patient • Healthcare provider (professional or other) • Transportation • Healthcare facilities • … • Activities • Non-deterministic pathways (= types) • Path execution (= instance) • … Coordination across organizational boundaries
- 16. Digital twins – Data protection & ownership • Natural match • High availability • Divide & conquer – specialized services • Automation – joined data ownership
- 17. Digital twins – Data protection & ownership • Natural match • Data and information ownership remains with the twin (to start) • Twin provides a high-availability service • Obedient multi-purpose (= design for the unexpected) • Advanced services more than replacing what already exists !!! E.g. Doodle + Maps + … fine-grained, iterative, adaptive, non-stop… • High availability • Research prototypes use the BEAM • Reveals that it is feasible today (actually already yesterday) • 3X – 20X software development productivity relative to …
- 18. Digital twins – High availability is feasible • Research prototypes use the BEAM Erlang, Elixir, distributed OS, OTP-middleware… • Scalable WhatsApp provides the evidence • Fin Tech uses the BEAM: Security 99.9999999% for decades • 99.999% for 5 years in healthcare • Hot code updating (Cf. PICANOL struggling with updates) • Orchestration is its sweet spot cooperates with Java, C, C++, C#, Python, Rust… • Embedded as well (cf. Ericsson, Nerves) • Web also Phoenix Framework, Phoenix LiveView…
- 19. Digital twins – Data protection & ownership • Divide & conquer – specialized services • Storage-only providers: decentralized bank services for data • Spreading of data (bits), of encryption and keys, … • Spreading across juridictions • … • No-storage service providers • Notary, Law firm, GP, Anonymizer, …
- 20. Digital twins – Data protection & ownership • Automation • Hiding of non-disclosure to ‘power abusers’ • Shared data ask the others, expose consensus • Result-only services • Beyond data services: • Doodle+Maps+… • Interactive “advertising”
- 21. Conclusion • Obedient digital twin designed to integrate/interoperate • Avoid ethic issue (only facts, no decisions) • Innovative data protection • Radically new services
- 22. Conclusion • more is needed • ! By design ! • Technical enforcement (IT takes care) • Technical facilitation of enforcement (Certification, auditing…) • Technical facilitation of community support (Templates, monitoring…)
- 23. Digital Twins – Predicting the unexpected • Latest version • Twins of mental states? • Even those twins obey